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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Evaluation of Band-Based Genotyping Methods for Mycobacterium intracellulare and Its Application for Epidemiological Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-08-28), p. 1315-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-08-28), p. 1315-
    Abstract: Mycobacterium intracellulare is a leading cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, with a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. This bacterium, commonly distributed in soil and water, is known to be transmitted through the environment rather than between people. Therefore, it is imperative to establish distinguishable genotyping methods to understand the clinical outcome, disease relapses, and epidemiology. Therefore, in this study, representative band-based genotyping methods were performed using M. intracellualre clinical isolates, and their Hunter–Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) was 0.947, 0.994, and 1 for variable number tandem repetition (VNTR), VNTR-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and repetitive sequence based-PCR, respectively. Although VNTR showed relatively low HGDI, co-infection with other M. intracellualre strains could be determined by loci showing allele diversity from 0 to 0.69. Additionally, genetic distance of clinical isolates from Gyeongnam/Korea, and other regions/countries were visualized by minimum spanning tree (MST) using the globally available VNTR profiles. The results of MST revealed that M. intracellulare isolated from patients in Gyeongnam/Korea had specific VNTR genotypes, which may be evidence of the geographic distribution of M. intracellulare specific genotypes. The comparative results of genotyping techniques and geographical characteristics in this study may provide fundamental information for the epidemiology of M. intracellulare.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091315
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fatty Liver Is Associated with Low N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in a Healthy Population
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-04-01), p. 1402-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-04-01), p. 1402-
    Abstract: Fatty liver (FL), insulin resistance (IR) and obesity often coexist, but data on the independent impacts of these factors on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are scarce. We examined the impact of FL, IR and obesity on NT-proBNP levels using a large set of cross-sectional data. The associations of FL, IR and obesity with NT-proBNP were analyzed in 39,923 healthy adult participants. IR was estimated using a homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. A multivariable regression model was conducted to identify associations between NT-proBNP and FL on abdominal ultrasound. FL, IR and obesity showed independent inverse associations with NT-proBNP after multiple adjustments for baseline characteristics. In a multivariable regression model adjusting for IR and obesity, FL was independently associated with lower levels of NT-proBNP (estimates, Exp(β) 0.864, 0.849–0.880). The combination of FL and IR was a powerful dual indicator, lowering NT-proBNP levels approximately 25% in the generally healthy study population. In conclusion, FL was independently associated with lower NT-proBNP levels. FL and a high HOMA-IR index are a powerful indicator combination for lower NT-proBNP levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the association between FL and NT-proBNP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) on the Microstructure, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyester Blends
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Polymers Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-09-17), p. 2124-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-09-17), p. 2124-
    Abstract: In this study, a series of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (TLCP)-based blends containing 1–30 wt% poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PEGMA) were fabricated by masterbatch-assisted melt-compounding. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a uniformly dispersed microfibrillar structure for the TLCP component in cryogenically-fractured blends, without any phase-separated domains. The FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl stretching bands of TLCP/PEGMA blends shifted to higher wavenumbers, suggesting the presence of specific interactions and/or grafting reactions between carboxyl/hydroxyl groups of TLCP and glycidyl methacrylate groups of PEGMA. Accordingly, the melting and crystallization temperatures of the PEGMA component in the blends were greatly lowered compared to the TLCP component. The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of the PEGMA and TLCP components in the blends were characterized as higher than those of neat PEGMA and neat TLCP, respectively. From the rheological data collected at 300 °C, the shear moduli and complex viscosities for the blend with 30 wt% PEGMA were found to be much higher than those of neat PEGMA, which supports the existence of PEGMA-g-TLCP formed during the melt-compounding. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) analyses demonstrated that the storage moduli of the blends decreased slightly with the PEGMA content up to 3 wt%, increased at the PEGMA content of 5 wt%, and decreased again at PEGMA contents above 7 wt%. The maximum storage moduli for the blend with 5 wt% PEGMA are interpreted to be due to the reinforcing effect of PEGMA-g-TLCP copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym12092124
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combined PI3K Inhibitor and Eribulin Enhances Anti-Tumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Paclitaxel-Resistant, PIK3CA-Mutated Endometrial Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-08), p. 4887-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-10-08), p. 4887-
    Abstract: Endometrial cancer stands as the predominant gynecological malignancy in developed nations. For advanced or recurrent disease, paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is the standard front-line therapy. However, paclitaxel resistance eternally develops. Based on the high prevalence of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutation, reaching 50%, in endometrial cancer, we preclinically investigated the effectiveness of a combination of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with eribulin, a post-paclitaxel therapy for breast cancer, in treating paclitaxel-resistant, PIK3CA-mutated endometrial cancer. We generated paclitaxel-resistant cell lines from PIK3CA-mutated endometrial cancer cell lines by gradually increasing the concentration of paclitaxel in cell cultures. We observed that the PI3K/AKT and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways in paclitaxel-resistant cells were significantly upregulated compared with those in parental cells. Then, we demonstrated that the combination of alpelisib (a PI3K inhibitor) and eribulin more effectively suppressed the cellular growth of paclitaxel-resistant cells in in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the effect of the combination could be enhanced by inhibiting both the PI3K/AKT and EMT pathways. Therefore, we suggest that paclitaxel resistance is associated with the activation of the PIK3/AKT pathway in PIK3CA-mutated endometrial cancer, and the combination of a PI3K inhibitor and eribulin merits further clinical investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194887
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Primary Tumor Resection in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Asymptomatic, Synchronous, Unresectable Metastasis: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-08-16), p. 2306-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-08-16), p. 2306-
    Abstract: We aimed to assess the survival benefits of primary tumor resection (PTR) followed by chemotherapy in patients with asymptomatic stage IV colorectal cancer with asymptomatic, synchronous, unresectable metastases compared to those of upfront chemotherapy alone. This was an open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial (ClnicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01978249). From May 2013 to April 2016, 48 patients (PTR, n = 26; upfront chemotherapy, n = 22) diagnosed with asymptomatic colorectal cancer with unresectable metastases in 12 tertiary hospitals were randomized (1:1). The primary endpoint was two-year overall survival. The secondary endpoints were primary tumor-related complications, PTR-related complications, and rate of conversion to resectable status. The two-year cancer-specific survival was significantly higher in the PTR group than in the upfront chemotherapy group (72.3% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.049). However, the two-year overall survival rate was not significantly different between the PTR and upfront chemotherapy groups (69.5% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.058). The primary tumor-related complication rate was 22.7%. The PTR-related complication rate was 19.2%, with a major complication rate of 3.8%. The rates of conversion to resectable status were 15.3% and 18.2% in the PTR and upfront chemotherapy groups. While PTR followed by chemotherapy resulted in better two-year cancer-specific survival than upfront chemotherapy, the improvement in the two-year overall survival was not significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082306
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Deterioration
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Abstract: Background: The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) is a hematologic marker of the systemic inflammatory response. Recently, the PWR was revealed to have a role as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with acute decompensation (AD). However, the prognostic role of the PWR still needs to be investigated in LC patients with AD. In this study, we analyzed whether the PWR could stratify the risk of adverse outcomes (death or liver transplantation (LT)) in these patients. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1670 patients with AD of liver cirrhosis ((age: 55.2 ± 7.8, male = 1226 (73.4%)) was enrolled and evaluated for 28-day and overall adverse outcomes. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.0 months (range, 1.9–15.5 months), 424 (25.4%) patients had adverse outcomes (death = 377, LT = 47). The most common etiology of LC was alcohol use (69.7%). The adverse outcome rate was higher for patients with a PWR ≤ 12.1 than for those with a PWR 〉 12.1. A lower PWR level was a prognostic factor for 28-day adverse outcomes (PWR: hazard ratio 1.707, p = 0.034) when adjusted for the etiology of cirrhosis, infection, ACLF, and the MELD score. In the subgroup analysis, the PWR level stratified the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of ACLF or the main form of AD but not for those with bacterial infection. Conclusions: A lower PWR level was associated with 28-day adverse outcomes, indicating that the PWR level can be a useful and simple tool for stratifying the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes in LC patients with AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury by Preserving Parasympathetic Innervation in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2020-03-25), p. 2260-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2020-03-25), p. 2260-
    Abstract: Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for patients with head and neck cancer. However, radiation exposure to the head and neck induces salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to reduce radiation-induced toxicity in normal tissues. In this study, we investigated the effect of ALA on radiation-induced SG dysfunction. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to the following treatment groups: control, ALA only (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), irradiation only, and ALA administration 24 h or 30 min prior to irradiation. The neck area, including SGs, was irradiated evenly at 2 Gy/min (total dose, 18 Gy) using a photon 6 MV linear accelerator. The rats were sacrificed at 2, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after irradiation. Radiation decreased SG weight, saliva secretion, AQP5 expression, parasympathetic innervation (GFRα2 and AchE expression), regeneration potentials (Shh and Ptch expression), salivary trophic factor levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin), and stem cell expression (Sca-1). These features were restored by treatment with ALA. This study demonstrated that ALA can rescue radiation-induced hyposalivation by preserving parasympathetic innervation and regenerative potentials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072260
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study of Chemical Substances Emitted during Paint Manufacturing through VOC Speciation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-08-05), p. 1245-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-08-05), p. 1245-
    Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the paint manufacturing industry include substances that are highly volatile, such as toluene, and highly carcinogenic, such as benzene. In the Republic of Korea, the emission of volatile organic compounds is regulated under the Clean Air Conservation Act, but it is found that individual substances are systematically insufficient. Although the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) is maintained to report the expected emissions from each plant every year, actual measurements are not performed. This study measured and analyzed VOCs at the site fenceline boundary. The ratio of PRTR and VOCs speciation results for xylene and toluene was similar to that of xylene 29% and toluene 28%, but ethylbenzene accounted for 2% in PRTR. Still, the actual measurement result showed a big difference of 11%. Because it is a solvent that is treated in large quantities in the resin manufacturing process and the reactivity of ethylbenzene, it is vaporized at high temperature and high pressure, resulting in many measurements. This study classified a large amount of VOCs emitted through the fence line monitoring system in the paint manufacturing industry and confirmed which VOCs were emitted the most. We compared whether this produced similar results to the actual emission survey method conducted by the EPA. Some substances have produced similar results, but certain substances have significant differences. This indicates that priority VOCs should be selected for each location through continuous measurement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081245
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Tuberatolide B Suppresses Cancer Progression by Promoting ROS-Mediated Inhibition of STAT3 Signaling
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2017-02-25), p. 55-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2017-02-25), p. 55-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md15030055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Synergistic Antitumor Activity of SH003 and Docetaxel via EGFR Signaling Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 8405-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 8405-
    Abstract: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in lung cancer patients. Despite treatment with various EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer are inevitable. Docetaxel (DTX) is an effective conventional drug that is used to treat various cancers. Several researchers have studied the use of traditional herbal medicine in combination with docetaxel, to improve lung cancer treatment. SH003, a novel herbal mixture, exerts anticancer effects in different cancer cell types. Here, we aimed to investigate the apoptotic and anticancer effects of SH003 in combination with DTX, in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SH003, with DTX, induced apoptotic cell death, with increased expression of cleaved caspases and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in NSCLC cells. Moreover, SH003 and DTX induced the apoptosis of H460 cells via the suppression of the EGFR and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways. In H460 tumor xenograft models, the administration of SH003 or docetaxel alone diminished tumor growth, and their combination effectively killed cancer cells, with increased expression of apoptotic markers and decreased expression of p-EGFR and p-STAT3. Collectively, the combination of SH003 and DTX may be a novel anticancer strategy to overcome the challenges that are associated with conventional lung cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168405
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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