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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Prognostic Significance of Tumor Regression Rate during Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer: Analysis by Radiation Phase and Histologic Type
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-10-28), p. 3471-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-10-28), p. 3471-
    Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor regression rate according to radiation phase and histologic subtype in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) treated with chemoradiation. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 398 patients with FIGO stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) between 2001 and 2019. Tumor response was assessed using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at three time points: pre-treatment, post-external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and post-intracavitary radiotherapy (ICR). Tumor regression pattern according to histologic subtype and radiation phase (EBRT and ICR) was evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were the primary outcomes. Of 398 patients, 44 patients had adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma (AC/ASC) and 354 patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). AC/ASC was associated with significantly worse PFS and OS than SCC (p 〈 0.001). AC/ASC had a relatively poorer regression rate in response to EBRT than SCC (p 〈 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in overall tumor regression rate after completion of RT (EBRT and ICR) between the two histologic subtypes. Multivariable analysis demonstrated AC/ASC histology to be an independent prognostic factor of decreased PFS and OS. Moreover, tumor regression rate after completion of EBRT (post-EBRT tumor regression rate (EBRTregression ≤ 26%) and proportion of tumor regression during EBRT to overall tumor regression (EBRTproportion ≤ 40%) were independent predictors of poor survival in patients with LACC. Tumor regression pattern of LACC in response to CCRT differs according to histologic subtype. AC/ASC histology and poor tumor response to EBRT are independent prognostic factors for worse survival in patients with LACC. Further studies are needed to develop a CCRT protocol that is specialized for patients with AC/ASC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113471
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Preparation and Characterization of Fenofibrate Microparticles with Surface-Active Additives: Application of a Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Spray-Drying Process
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-12-02), p. 2061-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-12-02), p. 2061-
    Abstract: In this study, supercritical fluid-assisted spray-drying (SA-SD) was applied to achieve the micronization of fenofibrate particles possessing surface-active additives, such as d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), sucrose mono palmitate (Sucroester 15), and polyoxyethylene 52 stearate (Myrj 52), to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of fenofibrate. For comparison, the same formulation was prepared using a spray-drying (SD) process, and then both methods were compared. The SA-SD process resulted in a significantly smaller mean particle size (approximately 2 μm) compared to that of unprocessed fenofibrate (approximately 20 μm) and SD-processed particles (approximately 40 μm). There was no significant difference in the effect on the particle size reduction among the selected surface-active additives. The microcomposite particles prepared with surface-active additives using SA-SD exhibited remarkable enhancement in their dissolution rate due to the synergistic effect of comparably moderate wettability improvement and significant particle size reduction. In contrast, the SD samples with the surface-active additives exhibited a decrease in dissolution rate compared to that of the unprocessed fenofibrate due to the absence of particle size reduction, although wettability was greatly improved. The results of zeta potential and XPS analyses indicated that the surface-active additive coverage on the surface layer of the SD-processed particles with a better wettability was higher than that of the SA-SD-processed composite particles. Additionally, after rapid depletion of hydrophilic additives that were excessively distributed on the surfaces of SD-processed particles, the creation of a surface layer rich in poorly water-soluble fenofibrate resulted in a decrease in the dissolution rate. In contrast, the surface-active molecules were dispersed homogeneously throughout the particle matrix in the SA-SD-processed microparticles. Furthermore, improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics were observed for the SA-SD-processed fenofibrate microparticles compared to those for the SD-processed fenofibrate particles. Therefore, the SA-SD process incorporating surface-active additives can efficiently micronize poorly water-soluble drugs and optimize their physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122061
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Penetration Enhancers on Toenail Delivery of Efinaconazole from Hydroalcoholic Preparations
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-16), p. 1650-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-16), p. 1650-
    Abstract: The incorporation of permeation enhancers in topical preparations has been recognized as a simple and valuable approach to improve the penetration of antifungal agents into toenails. In this study, to improve the toenail delivery of efinaconazole (EFN), a triazole derivative for onychomycosis treatment, topical solutions containing different penetration enhancers were designed, and the permeation profiles were evaluated using bovine hoof models. In an in vitro permeation study in a Franz diffusion cell, hydroalcoholic solutions (HSs) containing lipophilic enhancers, particularly prepared with propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate (Labrafac PG), had 41% higher penetration than the HS base. Moreover, the combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with Labrafac PG further facilitated the penetration of EFN across the hoof membrane. In addition, this novel topical solution prepared with both lipophilic and hydrophilic enhancers was physicochemically stable, with no drug degradation under ambient conditions (25 °C, for 10 months). Therefore, this HS system can be a promising tool for enhancing the toenail permeability and therapeutic efficacy of EFN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061650
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Efficacy and Safety of MED-01 Probiotics on Vaginal Health: A 12-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-09), p. 331-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-09), p. 331-
    Abstract: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common disease in women of childbearing age and is caused by the growth of abnormal microbiota in the vagina. Probiotic consumption can be an effective alternative treatment to preserve or improve vaginal health. In the present study, MED-01, a complex of five strains of probiotic candidates isolated from the vagina of Korean women, was used. This study was designed as a 12-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MED-01 on vaginal health. A total of 101 reproductive-aged women with a Nugent score of 4–6 took MED-01 (5.0 × 109 CFU) or a placebo once a day, and 76 participants completed the procedure. MED-01 significantly reduced the Nugent score compared with the placebo. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that Lactobacillus plantarum was significantly increased in the vagina, whereas harmful bacteria such as Mobiluncus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, and Atopobium vaginae were suppressed after 12 weeks of MED-01 ingestion. No adverse events to the test food supplements were observed in the participants. These results confirmed that MED-01 can be used as a probiotic for treating BV, as it improves the vaginal microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15020331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Serum CYFRA 21.1 Level Predicts Disease Course in Thyroid Cancer with Distant Metastasis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-15), p. 811-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-15), p. 811-
    Abstract: Background: Serum Cyfra 21.1, the soluble fragment of CK19, has been used as a prognostic tumor marker in various cancers, indicating poor tumor differentiation and increased metastasis. Methods: We analyzed the serum Cyfra 21.1 level in 51 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer manifesting distant metastasis treated with prior total thyroidectomy. Serum Cyfra 21.1 levels of 26 thyroid cancer patients without metastasis and 50 healthy individuals were used for comparison. Results: Higher serum Cyfra 21.1 levels were detected in thyroid cancer patients with distant metastasis compared with healthy subjects and thyroid cancer patients without metastasis (p = 0.012). Serum Cyfra 21.1 levels were significantly increased in patients with positive BRAF V600E mutation (p = 0.019), undergoing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) therapy (p = 0.008), with radioiodine-refractory status (p = 0.047), and in disease progression compared with those manifesting stable disease (p = 0.007). In progressive disease with undetectable or unmonitored thyroglobulin because of thyroglobulin antibody, serum Cyfra 21.1 was useful as a biomarker for follow-up of disease course. Conclusion: Serum Cyfra 21.1 in thyroid cancer patients might represent an alternative biomarker predicting tumor progression, especially in cases not associated with serum Tg levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040811
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
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    The Relationship between Dissolution Behavior and the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Zebrafish Embryos in Different Ionic Environments
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-08-23), p. 652-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-08-23), p. 652-
    Abstract: A silver nanoparticle is one of the representative engineered nanomaterials with excellent optical, electrical, antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles are being increasingly used for medical products, water filters, and cosmetics, etc. However, silver nanoparticles are known to cause adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. To utilize silver nanoparticles with minimized negative effects, it is important to understand the behavior of silver nanoparticles released to the environment. In this study, we compared toxicity behaviors of citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol coated silver nanoparticles in two different ionic environments, which are aquatic environments for developing zebrafish embryo. Depending on the composition of the ionic environment, citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol coated silver nanoparticles exhibited different behaviors in dissolution, aggregation, or precipitation, which governed the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on zebrafish embryos.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano8090652
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
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    Clinical Application of Pectoralis Nerve Block II for Flap Dissection-Related Pain Control after Robot-Assisted Transaxillary Thyroidectomy: A Preliminary Retrospective Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 4097-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 4097-
    Abstract: Few studies have examined the clinical utility of ultrasonography-guided pectoralis nerve block II (PECS II) during wide flap dissection of a robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT). We assessed the ability of PECS II to reduce postoperative pain. We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients who underwent elective RATT from December 2021 to April 2022 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital (Seoul, Korea). The patients were divided into a block group (n = 28, 50.9%) and no-block group (n = 27, 49.1%). Pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 4, 10, 20, 25, 35, and 45 h after surgery, and the requirements for rescue painkillers in the post-anesthesia care unit and ward were recorded. The VAS scores did not differ significantly between the two groups at 4 h postoperatively. The block group had significantly lower VAS scores at 10 and 25 h (p = 0.017 and p = 0.034, respectively). The block group required fewer painkillers in the post-anesthesia care unit than the no-block group, although the difference was not statistically significant in the ward. PECS II may serve as a new pain relief modality and valuable addition to the current multimodal analgesic strategy for patients undergoing RATT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Safety and Feasibility of Single-Port Trans-Axillary Robotic Thyroidectomy: Experience through Consecutive 100 Cases
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. 1486-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. 1486-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Recently, the single-port (SP) robotic system was introduced for minimally invasive operative techniques. Thus, this study aimed to validate the safety and feasibility of SP trans-axillary robotic thyroidectomy (SP-TART) through experiences in a single tertiary institution. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive patients who underwent SP-TART from October 2021 to June 2022 in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital in Seoul, Korea. We analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative outcomes, including complications. Results: Less than total thyroidectomy (LTT) was performed in 81, total thyroidectomy (TT) in 16, and TT with modified radical neck dissection (mRND) in 3 patients. The mean operation time (min) was 53.3 ± 13.7, 86.3 ± 15.1, and 245.7 ± 36.7 in LTT, TT, and TT with mRND, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.0 ± 0.2, 2.1 ± 0.3, and 3.7 ± 1.5 days, respectively. A total of 84 cases of thyroid cancer were included, and 97.6% of them (82 cases) were papillary carcinoma and the rest were follicular and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Regarding complications, five cases had major complications, including three cases of vocal cord palsy and two cases of transient hypoparathyroidism. Conclusions: SP-TART is safe and feasible with a short operation time and a short length of hospital stay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101486
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 9
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    Transient and Dynamic Simulation of the Fluid Flow through Five-Way Electric Coolant Control Valve of a 100 kW Fuel Cell Vehicle by CFD with Moving Grid Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Actuators Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2024-03-11), p. 110-
    Details
    In: Actuators, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2024-03-11), p. 110-
    Abstract: In order to maintain the performance of a fuel cell vehicle, it is essential to maintain a constant temperature of the stack. Therefore, it is very important to distribute the optimal coolant flow rate to each major component under very diverse and rapidly changing dynamic operating conditions. The part responsible for this is a five-way electric coolant valve. Therefore, this study aims to investigate transient dynamic flow characteristics of the fluid flow through a five-way electric coolant valve (PCCV: Penta-Control Coolant Valve). To achieve this goal, this paper attempts a three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the fluid flow through the valve using a commercial CFD solver with moving mesh technique to consider flow inertia and dynamic flow in the opening and closing stages of the ball valve rotating motion. The dynamic flow characteristics and the thermal mixing inside the PCCV ball valve during the opening and closing stages are analyzed. It was found that the discrepancies between dynamic and steady-state simulations are remarkable when fluxes with different levels of enthalpy and momentum flow into the PCCV, leading to strong flow interference and flow inertia, while the discrepancies are relatively small at low rotation speed and weak flow interference. Subsequently, the effect of the dynamic flow characteristics of the valve on the dynamic thermal mixing characteristics at two different ball valve rotation speeds and rotation directions are investigated. It was found that the dynamic flow and thermal mixing characteristics inside the PCCV are greatly affected by the rotation speed, rotation direction, and degree of flow interference between fluxes. It also helps design better coolant control strategies and improves the FCEV thermal management system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0825
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/act13030110
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682469-3
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  • 10
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    Central Lymph Node Ratio Predicts Recurrence in Patients with N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-28), p. 3677-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-07-28), p. 3677-
    Abstract: The lymph node ratio (LNR) indicates the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) to the total number of LNs. The prognostic value of LNR in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and other solid tumors is known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between LNR and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with PTC with lateral LN metastases (N1b PTC). A total of 307 patients with N1b PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and therapeutic central and lateral LN dissection were retrospectively analyzed. The DFS and recurrence risk in the patients with LNR, central-compartment LNR (CLNR), and lateral-compartment LNR (LLNR) were compared. The mean follow-up duration was 93.6 ± 19.9 months. Eleven (3.6%) patients experienced recurrence. Neither LNR nor LLNR affected the recurrence rate in our analysis (p = 0.058, p = 0.106, respectively). However, there was a significant difference in the recurrence rates between the patients with low and high CLNR (2.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.017). In the multivariate analysis, CLNR ≥ 0.7 and perineural invasion were independent predictors of tumor recurrence. High CLNR was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, and was shown to be a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with N1b PTC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153677
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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