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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plasma Proteome Signature to Predict the Outcome of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2021-12-14), p. 6267-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2021-12-14), p. 6267-
    Abstract: The plasma proteome of 51 non-metastatic breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) was prospectively analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with nano-flow liquid chromatography using blood drawn at the time of diagnosis. Plasma proteins were identified as potential biomarkers, and their correlation with clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes was analyzed. Of 51 patients, 20 (39.2%) were HR+/HER2-, five (9.8%) were HR+/HER2+, five (9.8%) were HER2+, and 21 (41.2%) were triple-negative subtype. During a median follow-up of 52.0 months, there were 15 relapses (29.4%) and eight deaths (15.7%). Four potential biomarkers were identified among differentially expressed proteins: APOC3 had higher plasma concentrations in the pathological complete response (pCR) group, whereas MBL2, ENG, and P4HB were higher in the non-pCR group. Proteins statistically significantly associated with survival and capable of differentiating low- and high-risk groups were MBL2 and P4HB for disease-free survival, P4HB for overall survival, and MBL2 for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). In the multivariate analysis, only MBL2 was a consistent risk factor for DMFS (HR: 9.65, 95% CI 2.10–44.31). The results demonstrate that the proteomes from non-invasive sampling correlate with pCR and survival in breast cancer patients receiving NCT. Further investigation may clarify the role of these proteins in predicting prognosis and thus their therapeutic potential for the prevention of recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246267
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
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    Potential Probiotic Acceptability of a Novel Strain of Paenibacillus konkukensis SK 3146 and Its Dietary Effects on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, and Meat Quality in Broilers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-06-06), p. 1471-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-06-06), p. 1471-
    Abstract: This study evaluates the in vitro probiotic characteristics of P. konkukensis sp. nov. SK-3146, which was isolated from animal feed, and its dietary effects on growth performance, intestinal characteristics, intestinal microbiota, and meat quality in broilers. In vitro experiments revealed that P. konkukensis was non-hemolytic with variable antibiotic susceptibility, and acid as well as bile tolerance. To assess the effect of P. konkukensis on broilers, a total of four hundred eighty 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to 3 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 40 birds each; the negative control group was fed a basal diet without any feed additives (NC), the positive control group was fed a basal diet containing 0.01% enramycin (PC), and the experimental group was fed a basal diet containing P. konkukensis bacterial culture (PK) at 104 CFU/g of the diet based on bacterial count. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in any growth performance parameters among the dietary treatments (p 〉 0.05). In addition, the inclusion of P. konkukensis in the broilers’ diet did not affect meat cooking loss, color, and pH but increased the relative weight of breast meat (p 〈 0.05). The PK group showed heavier intestinal weight and shorter intestinal length than the NC group (p 〈 0.05). The ratio of the intestinal weight to length of jejunum was the highest in the PK group (p 〈 0.05). The PK group showed increased counts of Streptococcus thermophilus (p 〈 0.05) with no adverse effects of P. konkukensis on other intestinal microbiota in the jejunum. This study implies that P. konkukensis might have the potential to be applied as a probiotic feed additive in poultry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12111471
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Remission of Proteinuria May Protect against Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease in Pediatric-Onset IgA Nephropathy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-06-30), p. 2058-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-06-30), p. 2058-
    Abstract: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulopathies diagnosed in children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features in and outcomes of pediatric IgAN over the last 30 years. Patients who were diagnosed before age of 18 at 20 centers in Korea were evaluated retrospectively. Of the 1154 patients (768 males, 386 females) with a median follow-up of 5 years, 5.6% (n = 65) progressed to stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The 10- and 20-year CKD-free survival rates were 91.2% and 75.6%, respectively. Outcomes did not differ when comparing those in Korea who were diagnosed prior to versus after the year 2000. On multivariate analysis, combined asymptomatic hematuria and proteinuria as presenting symptoms and decreased renal function at the time of biopsy were associated with progression to CKD, while remission of proteinuria was negatively associated with this outcome. Patients who presented with gross hematuria or nephrotic syndrome tended toward positive outcomes, especially if they ultimately achieved remission. While remission of proteinuria might imply that the disease is inherently less aggressive, it also can be achieved by management. Therefore, more aggressive management might be required for pediatric-onset IgAN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072058
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Activity by Components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 6485-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 6485-
    Abstract: Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a target enzyme for the treatment of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. A Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract exhibited ~50% inhibition of sEH at 100 μg/mL, and column chromatography yielded compounds 1–11. Inhibitors 1, 4–6, 9, and 11 were non-competitive; inhibitors 3, 7, 8, and 10 were competitive. The IC50 value of inhibitor 10 was below 2 μM. Molecular simulation was used to identify the sEH binding site. Glycycoumarin (10) requires further evaluation in cells and animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076485
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Red Ginseng Attenuates Aβ-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aβ-mediated Pathology in an Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-21), p. 3030-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-21), p. 3030-
    Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide is known to be a major cause of AD pathogenesis. However, recent studies have clarified that mitochondrial deficiency is also a mediator or trigger for AD development. Interestingly, red ginseng (RG) has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on AD pathology. However, there is no evidence showing whether RG extract (RGE) can inhibit the mitochondrial deficit-mediated pathology in the experimental models of AD. The effects of RGE on Aβ-mediated mitochondrial deficiency were investigated in both HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and the brains of 5XFAD Aβ-overexpressing transgenic mice. To examine whether RGE can affect mitochondria-related pathology, we used immunohistostaining to study the effects of RGE on Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in hippocampal formation of 5XFAD mice. In vitro and in vivo findings indicated that RGE significantly improves Aβ-induced mitochondrial pathology. In addition, RGE significantly ameliorated AD-related pathology, such as Aβ deposition, gliosis, and neuronal loss, and deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brains with AD. Our results suggest that RGE may be a mitochondria-targeting agent for the treatment of AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123030
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 6
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    Recurrent C3 Glomerulonephritis along with BK-Virus-Associated Nephropathy after Kidney Transplantation: A Case Report
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1308-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1308-
    Abstract: C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a rare cause of end-stage kidney disease and frequently recurrent in allografts following kidney transplantation (KT). Herein, we describe the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed recurrent C3GN along with BK-virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) following KT. A 33-year-old man diagnosed with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 17 years ago underwent preemptive KT with a donor kidney from his aunt. Proteinuria gradually increased after 3 months following KT, and graft biopsy was performed 30 months after KT. Histopathological examination revealed recurrent C3GN. The dosages of triple immunosuppressive maintenance therapy agents were increased. Subsequently, serum C3 levels recovered to normal levels. However, at 33 months following KT, the BK viral load increased and graft function gradually deteriorated; a second graft biopsy was performed at 46 months following KT, which revealed BKVAN and decreased C3GN activity. The dosages of immunosuppressive agents were decreased; subsequently, BKVAN improved and graft function was maintained with normal serum C3 levels at 49 months following KT. This case indicates that C3GN is highly prone to recurrence following KT and that immunosuppressive therapy for C3GN increases the risk of BKVAN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071308
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 7
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    Fatigue Life Simulation of Tractor Spiral Bevel Gear According to Major Agricultural Operations
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 24 ( 2020-12-13), p. 8898-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 24 ( 2020-12-13), p. 8898-
    Abstract: The spiral bevel gear in a tractor, unlike the other gears in the transmission, is one of the most vulnerable gears in terms of fatigue life, as it is consistently driven throughout the operations of the tractor. Conventional fatigue life tests of transmission gears require expensive equipment and repeated tests, and do not reflect dynamic field loads. The aim of this study is to develop a simulation model which can replace conventional fatigue life tests for actual gears, in order to evaluate the fatigue life of a tractor using dynamic field load data. A transmission simulation model including a spiral bevel gear was developed using commercial software. In order to measure the dynamic load of the tractor according to various field operations, an axle torque measurement system was developed, and field experiments were performed for major agricultural operations occurring in the field. Fatigue life was calculated using Rainflow cycle counting (RFC), the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) model, and S–N curves based on torque data measured in the field. The fatigue life under moldboard plow tillage, subsoiler tillage, rotary tillage, and baler operation were 13,599, 285, 278,884, and 525,977 h, respectively. The fatigue life of the tractor, according to subsoiler tillage and baler operation, was 0.104 and 192 times the service life, respectively, where the difference between these two operations was about 1846 times. The fatigue life of the tractor, according to the attached implement type, was significantly different. Therefore, it can be seen that the fatigue life of a tractor can be significantly different, depending on agricultural operation type which the farmer uses most often; this can be used as basic data for tractor design and evaluation. In addition, it is considered that the developed simulation model can be applied to fatigue life evaluation using dynamic field load data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10248898
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    Acute Kidney Injury after Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-14), p. 1471-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-14), p. 1471-
    Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often associated with the use of contrast agents. We evaluated the frequency of AKI, factors associated with AKI after endovascular treatment (EVT), and associations with AKI and clinical outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed consecutively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EVT at three stroke centers in Korea. We compared the characteristics of patients with and without AKI and independent factors associated with AKI after EVT. We also investigated the effects of AKI on functional outcomes and mortality at 3 months. Of the 601 patients analyzed, 59 patients (9.8%) developed AKI and five patients (0.8%) started renal replacement therapy after EVT. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR), 2.341; 95% CI, 1.283–4.269; p = 0.005), the contrast agent dose (OR, 1.107 per 10 mL; 95% CI, 1.032–1.187; p = 0.004), and unsuccessful reperfusion (OR, 1.909; 95% CI, 1.019–3.520; p = 0.040) were independently associated with AKI. The presence of AKI was associated with a poor functional outcome (OR, 5.145; 95% CI, 2.177–13.850; p 〈 0.001) and mortality (OR, 8.164; 95% CI, 4.046–16.709; p 〈 0.001) at 3 months. AKI may also affect the outcomes of ischemic stroke patients undergoing EVT. When implementing EVT, practitioners should be aware of these risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051471
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    Experimental Measurement of Residual Stress Distribution in Rail Specimens Using Ultrasonic LCR Waves
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2021-10-07), p. 9306-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2021-10-07), p. 9306-
    Abstract: Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are considered bulk longitudinal waves and penetrate into an effective depth beneath the surface parallel to the material surface. Such LCR waves can be employed to measure residual stresses because the acoustoelastic effect is the basis for ultrasonic residual stress measurements. This effect is described by the relationship between change of wave travel time and stress applied when such waves propagate in a stressed medium. In this paper, stresses applied in a rail were evaluated by using a developed LCR probe. With this transducer, it was verified how the difference in the arrival times of the LCR waves showed a trend as the tensile stresses increased. The acoustoelastic coefficients were calculated using the relationship between the stresses and the travel times, and the residual stresses of the used rails were measured using these coefficients. In addition, the difference in residual stress distribution according to the characteristics of the wheel-rail contact surface was analyzed from the obtained residual stress value. It was concluded that this non-destructive evaluation technique using LCR waves could be employed for accurate stress measurement of rails because differences in stress applied to the rail can be detected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11199306
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 10
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    Fluorinated Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Enamel Demineralization Prevention and Antibacterial Effect of Orthodontic Bonding Resin
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2019-06-04), p. 1813-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2019-06-04), p. 1813-
    Abstract: Orthodontic treatment involving the bonding of fixed appliances to tooth surfaces can cause white spot lesions (WSLs). WSLs increase the likelihood of cavity formation and hence require preservation and prosthetic restoration. Therefore, the prevention of WSLs is of greater importance than treatment. Application of fluoride or the use of fluoride-containing mouthwash can prevent WSLs, but this requires patient cooperation and additional time and cost. Bioactive glass containing 2.5% fluoride was synthesized and mixed with the orthodontic bonding adhesive Transbond XT Low Flow (LV) at ratios of 1, 3, and 5% to prepare orthodontic adhesive samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. The Vickers hardness test, bracket retention test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of the samples were analysed to determine their mechanical properties. To determine the biological cytotoxicity, the cell activity of the samples was evaluated using cell viability tests and the antibacterial activity was analysed using Streptococcus mutans. To evaluate the anti-demineralization effect, the sample was bonded to extracted teeth and a pH cycle test was performed. Micro computed tomography data were obtained from the bonded teeth and sample, and the anti-demineralization effect was evaluated using the ImageJ software program. The Vickers hardness of the sample was higher than that of LV and was dependent on the concentration of fluoride-containing bioactive glass (FBAG). The bracket retention test and ARI of the sample showed no significant differences from those of LV. The cell viability test showed no significant changes at 24 and 48 h after application of the sample. The fluoride ion release test indicated an ion release rate of 9.5–17.4 μg/cm2. The antibacterial activity of the experimental group containing FBAG was significantly higher than that of the LV group. The anti-demineralization test showed a concentration-dependent increase. However, the resin containing 5 mass% FBAG (FBAG5) showed a statistically-significant increase compared with LV. The orthodontic adhesive containing FBAG showed antibacterial and anti-demineralization effects, thus indicating possible WSL prevention activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12111813
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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