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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Preoperative Serum Calcitonin and Its Correlation with Extent of Lymph Node Metastasis in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-09), p. 2894-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-09), p. 2894-
    Abstract: The optimal initial surgical extent for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) remains controversial. Previous studies on serum calcitonin are limited to reporting the calcitonin threshold according to anatomical disease burden. Here, we evaluated whether preoperative calcitonin levels can be used to predict optimal surgical extent. We retrospectively reviewed the 170 patients with MTC at a tertiary Korean hospital from 1994 to 2019. We extracted data on preoperative calcitonin level, primary tumor size and the number and location of lymph node metastases (LNMs). To evaluate disease extent, we divided the patients into five groups: no LNM, central LNM, ipsilateral lateral LNM, contralateral lateral LNM, and distant metastasis. We calculated the positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) for multiple categories of preoperative calcitonin levels. Preoperative calcitonin level positively correlated with primary tumor size (rho = 0.744, p 〈 0.001) and LNM number (rho = 0.537, p 〈 0.001). Preoperative calcitonin thresholds of 20, 200, and 500 pg/mL were associated with the presence of ipsilateral lateral LNM, contralateral lateral LNM, and distant metastasis, respectively. The negative LRs were 0.1 at a preoperative calcitonin cut-off of 100 pg/mL in the central LNM, 0.18 at a cut-off of 300 pg/mL in the ipsilateral lateral LNM, and 0 at a cut-off of 300 pg/mL in the contralateral lateral LNM. The preoperative calcitonin level correlates with disease extent and has diagnostic value for predicting LNM extent. Our results suggest that the preoperative calcitonin level can be used to determine optimal initial surgical extent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102894
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio before and after Radiotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-04-15), p. 1913-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-04-15), p. 1913-
    Abstract: The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation, and its elevation has recently been associated with poor survival in many solid cancers. Leukocyte elevation and lymphocyte reduction are associated with a poor response to radiotherapy (RT). This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of NLR before and after RT for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). This retrospective study analyzed 40 patients with ATC who received RT with available complete blood cell count data from November 1995 through May 2020 at Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea). Patients were classified into two groups according to the NLR before and after RT. The median overall survival (OS) was 8.9 months (range, 3.5–18.2) in the low NLR group ( 〈 3.47) and 5.2 months (range, 2.7–7.5) months in the high NLR group (≥3.47). The association between NLR and OS was also observed in multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–8.85; p = 0.026). The OS curves differed significantly according to post-RT NLR (p = 0.036). A high NLR before and after RT may be significantly associated with poor OS in patients with ATC who receive RT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081913
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Highly Sensitive and Specific Molecular Test for Mutations in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective Study of BRAF-Prevalent Population
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-06), p. 5629-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-06), p. 5629-
    Abstract: Molecular testing offers more objective information in the diagnosis and personalized decision making for thyroid nodules. In Korea, as the BRAF V600E mutation is detected in 70–80% of thyroid cancer specimens, its testing in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens alone has been used for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules until now. Thus, we aimed to develop a mutation panel to detect not only BRAF V600E, but also other common genetic alterations in thyroid cancer and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the mutation panel for thyroid nodules in Korea. For this prospective study, FNA specimens of 430 nodules were obtained from patients who underwent thyroid surgery for thyroid nodules. A molecular test was devised using real-time PCR to detect common genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, including BRAF, N-, H-, and K-RAS mutations and rearrangements of RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARr. Positive results for the mutation panel were confirmed by sequencing. Among the 430 FNA specimens, genetic alterations were detected in 293 cases (68%). BRAF V600E (240 of 347 cases, 69%) was the most prevalent mutation in thyroid cancer. The RAS mutation was most prevalently detected for indeterminate cytology. Among the 293 mutation-positive cases, 287 (98%) were diagnosed as cancer. The combination of molecular testing and cytology improved sensitivity from 72% (cytology alone) to 89% (combination), with a specificity of 93%. We verified the excellent diagnostic performance of the mutation panel applicable for clinical practice in Korea. A plan has been devised to validate its performance using independent FNA specimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165629
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    GPR171 Activation Modulates Nociceptor Functions, Alleviating Pathologic Pain
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-05), p. 256-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-05), p. 256-
    Abstract: Modulation of the function of somatosensory neurons is an important analgesic strategy, requiring the proposal of novel molecular targets. Many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) have been deorphanized, but the receptor locations, outcomes due to their activations, and their signal transductions remain to be elucidated, regarding the somatosensory nociceptor function. Here we report that GPR171, expressed in a nociceptor subpopulation, attenuated pain signals via Gi/o-coupled modulation of the activities of nociceptive ion channels when activated by its newly found ligands. Administration of its natural peptide ligand and a synthetic chemical ligand alleviated nociceptor-mediated acute pain aggravations and also relieved pathologic pain at nanomolar and micromolar ranges. This study suggests that functional alteration of the nociceptor neurons by GPR171 signaling results in pain alleviation and indicates that GPR171 is a promising molecular target for peripheral pain modulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030256
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Removal of Pb(II) by Pellicle-Like Biofilm-Producing Methylobacterium hispanicum EM2 Strain from Aqueous Media
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Water Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-05), p. 2081-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-05), p. 2081-
    Abstract: As concerns are increasing about drinking water contamination with heavy metals, we investigated the possible use of a pellicle (floating biofilm)-like biofilm-producing microorganism as a biosorbent for the treatment of Pb(II) in aqueous solutions. The bacterial pellicle-producing Methylobacterium hispanicum EM2 strain (EM2) was newly isolated from mine tailing soil, and we investigated its use as a biosorbent for treating a Pb(II)-contaminated aqueous solution. The EM2 strain was strongly resistant to Pb(II) up to a concentration of 800 mg/L, and achieved remarkable adsorption performance (adsorption rate and maximum adsorption capacity of 96% ± 3.2% and 79.84 mg/g, respectively) under optimal conditions (pH, biomass content, contact time, and initial Pb(II) concentration of 7.1 g/L, 60 min, and 10 mg/L, respectively). The adsorption of Pb(II) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The equilibrium data matched the Freundlich isotherm model well, indicating the occurrence of multilayer adsorption of Pb(II) onto the heterogeneous surface of the EM2 strain, which was also consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.98). The high Pb(II) removal efficiency was also confirmed by conducting an adsorption experiment using Pb(II)-contaminated industrial wastewater.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w11102081
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 6
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    Highly Efficient and Stable Removal of Arsenic by Live Cell Fabricated Magnetic Nanoparticles
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 14 ( 2019-07-21), p. 3566-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 14 ( 2019-07-21), p. 3566-
    Abstract: As concerns about public health and environmental problems regarding contamination by toxic substances increase worldwide, the development of a highly effective and specific treatment method is imperative. Although physicochemical arsenic treatment methods have been developed, microbial in vivo remediation processes using live cell fabricated nanoparticles have not yet been reported. Herein, we report the development of magnetic iron nanoparticles immobilized an extremophilic microorganism, Deinococcus radiodurans R1, capable of removing toxic arsenic species. First, in vivo synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles was successfully achieved with the D. radiodurans R1 strain and characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta-potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Second, the maximum removal capacity of the magnetic iron nanoparticle-immobilized D. radiodurans R1 strain (DR-FeNPs) for arsenic [As(V)] was evaluated under the optimized conditions. Finally, the removal capacity of DR-FeNPs in the presence of various competitive anions was also investigated to simulate the practical application. More than 98% of As(V) was efficiently removed by DR-FeNPs within 1 h, and the removal efficiency was stably maintained for up to 32 h (98.97%). Furthermore, the possibility of recovery of DR-FeNPs after use was also suggested using magnets as a proof-of-concept.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143566
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Silver Nanomaterial-Immobilized Desalination Systems for Efficient Removal of Radioactive Iodine Species in Water
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-08-26), p. 660-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-08-26), p. 660-
    Abstract: Increasing concerns regarding the adverse effects of radioactive iodine waste have inspired the development of a highly efficient and sustainable desalination process for the treatment of radioactive iodine-contaminated water. Because of the high affinity of silver towards iodine species, silver nanoparticles immobilized on a cellulose acetate membrane (Ag-CAM) and biogenic silver nanoparticles containing the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans (Ag-DR) were developed and investigated for desalination performance in removing radioactive iodines from water. A simple filtration of radioactive iodine using Ag-CAM under continuous in-flow conditions (approximately 1.5 mL/s) provided an excellent removal efficiency ( 〉 99%) as well as iodide anion-selectivity. In the bioremediation study, the radioactive iodine was rapidly captured by Ag-DR in the presence of high concentration of competing anions in a short time. The results from both procedures can be visualized by using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning. This work presents a promising desalination method for the removal of radioactive iodine and a practical application model for remediating radioelement-contaminated waters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano8090660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Analysis of Nasal Foreign Bodies in South Korea: Over 10-Year Experience
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-28), p. 1810-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-28), p. 1810-
    Abstract: Foreign bodies (FBs) in the nasal cavity are commonly encountered in otorhinolaryngology. This retrospective study was conducted between January 2009 and December 2020. The nasal FB frequencies were investigated according to age and sex. The type, shape, and location of the FBs, onset, and clinical features were obtained. In a total of 1228 cases, the average age was 3.9 ± 5.7 years. We found a higher incidence in patients 2–4 years old. The most frequent nasal FBs were beads (24.0%), toys/plastics (17.8%), and beans/corn (15.8%). However, there were some differences in the nasal FB types according to the age group. There was no difference in the location of the nasal FBs according to age group, but nasal FBs were found more frequently in the right nasal cavity in the 1–3-years-old groups. Most patients (97.5%) visited the hospital the same day when the nasal FB insertion was suspected, and most were asymptomatic. After the removal of the nasal FBs, most patients were free of complications. Of the nine cases involving button batteries, septal perforation was observed in two patients who visited the hospital one or two days after the FB insertion. There were specific age-based characteristics of the nasal FBs that may serve as a basis for specific precautions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081810
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 9
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    TERT Promoter Mutations and the 8th Edition TNM Classification in Predicting the Survival of Thyroid Cancer Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-05), p. 648-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-05), p. 648-
    Abstract: Our research group has previously shown that the presence of TERT promoter mutations is an independent prognostic factor, by applying the TERT mutation status to the variables of the AJCC 7th edition. This study aimed to determine if TERT mutations could be independent predictors of thyroid cancer-specific mortality based on the AJCC TNM 8th edition, with long-term follow-up. This was a retrospective study of 393 patients with pathologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) after thyroidectomy at a tertiary Korean hospital from 1994 to 2004. The thyroid cancer-specific mortality rate was 6.9% (5.2% for papillary and 15.2% for follicular cancers). TERT promoter mutations were identified in 10.9% (43/393) of DTC cases (9.8% of papillary and 16.7% of follicular cancer) and were associated with older age (p 〈 0.001), the presence of extrathyroidal invasion (p 〈 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.001), and advanced stage at diagnosis (p 〈 0.001). The 10-year survival rate in mutant TERT was 67.4% for DTC patients (vs. 98% for wild-type; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 9.93, (95% CI: 3.67–26.90)) and 75% for patients with papillary cancer (vs. 99%; 18.55 (4.83–71.18)). In addition, TERT promoter mutations were related to poor prognosis regardless of histologic type (p 〈 0.001 for both papillary and follicular cancer) or initial stage (p 〈 0.001, p = 0.004, and p = 0.086 for stages I, II, and III and IV, respectively). TERT promoter mutations comprise an independent poor prognostic factor after adjusting for the clinicopathological risk factors of the AJCC TNM 8th edition, histologic type, and each stage at diagnosis, which could increase prognostic predictability for patients with DTC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040648
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    Long-Term Outcomes and Causes of Death among Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients with Distant Metastases
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-17), p. 4670-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 18 ( 2021-09-17), p. 4670-
    Abstract: Distant metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), but the significance of differentiating the characteristics according to the site of distant metastasis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term oncologic outcomes in MTC patients with distant metastasis. We identified 46 MTC patients with distant metastasis between 1994 and 2019. Clinical characteristics were compared based on the timing of the detection of distant metastasis. Additionally, survival rates following the detection of distant metastasis were evaluated to compare the clinical significance of metastatic site. The detailed causes of death were also investigated. Of the 46 patients, 15 patients (32.6%) had synchronous distant metastasis and 31 patients (67.4%) had metachronous distant metastasis. There was no clinical difference between these two groups except regarding initial surgical extent. The lung (52.2%) was the most common metastatic site, followed by the bone (28.3%), mediastinum (19.6%), liver (17.4%), adrenal gland (4.3%), brain (4.3%), kidney (2.2%), and pancreas (2.2%). Patients with bone metastasis and multisite metastasis had significantly worse prognoses than those with lung metastasis (hazard ratio: 5.42; p = 0.044 and hazard ratio: 6.11; p = 0.006). Complications due to the progression of distant metastasis, airway obstruction due to tracheal invasion, and complications related to chemotherapy were leading causes of death. In conclusion, there was no difference in clinical characteristics according to the timing of distant metastasis. Oncological outcomes differed by metastatic site.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184670
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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