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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-17), p. 479-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-17), p. 479-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app7050479
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
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    Investigation of Antifungal Mechanisms of Thymol in the Human Fungal Pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 3476-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 3476-
    Abstract: Due to lifespan extension and changes in global climate, the increase in mycoses caused by primary and opportunistic fungal pathogens is now a global concern. Despite increasing attention, limited options are available for the treatment of systematic and invasive mycoses, owing to the evolutionary similarity between humans and fungi. Although plants produce a diversity of chemicals to protect themselves from pathogens, the molecular targets and modes of action of these plant-derived chemicals have not been well characterized. Using a reverse genetics approach, the present study revealed that thymol, a monoterpene alcohol from Thymus vulgaris L., (Lamiaceae), exhibits antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans by regulating multiple signaling pathways including calcineurin, unfolded protein response, and HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways. Thymol treatment reduced the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ by controlling the expression levels of calcium transporter genes in a calcineurin-dependent manner. We demonstrated that thymol decreased N-glycosylation by regulating the expression levels of genes involved in glycan-mediated post-translational modifications. Furthermore, thymol treatment reduced endogenous ergosterol content by decreasing the expression of ergosterol biosynthesis genes in a HOG MAPK pathway-dependent manner. Collectively, this study sheds light on the antifungal mechanisms of thymol against C. neoformans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113476
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    Development of Shoulder Muscle-Assistive Wearable Device for Work in Unstructured Postures
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Machines Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-09), p. 258-
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-09), p. 258-
    Abstract: The present study describes the development of a wearable device designed to assist those who work in an unstructured posture. In the manufacturing sector, industrial accidents have been steadily on the rise due to poor work environments and excessive workloads imposed on workers. Against this backdrop, the present study aimed to analyze various types of work, especially those performed in unstructured postures by heavy industry workers, who are frequently exposed to high workloads and poor work environments. Based on the analysis results, an attempt was made to develop a shoulder muscle-assistive wearable device capable of assisting a wearer who is working using their shoulder muscles. Various types of unstructured posture work are performed in heavy industries, including activities such as the welding and grinding of ship components and plant structures. They are typically conducted in narrow spaces with limited postures, causing many workers to suffer muscle fatigue. In the present study, as the first step of developing a shoulder muscle-assistive wearable device, different working scenarios were simulated, and the corresponding motion data and required torque values were estimated using motion capture devices. The obtained motion data and required torque values were reflected in the design of the wearable device. The main structural body of the shoulder muscle-assistive wearable device was made of a carbon fiber-reinforced composite to be lightweight. This shoulder muscle-assistive wearable device was designed to fully cover the range of motion for workers working in unstructured postures while generating the torque required for a given job, thereby enhancing the muscular endurance of the workers. The gravity compensation module of the designed shoulder muscle-assistive wearable device generates a support force of 4.47 Nm per shoulder. The shoulder muscle assistive wearable device was developed to provide support for approximately 30% of the shoulder joint’s maximum torque generated in overhead tasks. This shoulder muscle-assistive wearable device is expected to contribute to improving the productivity of field workers, while reducing the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries arising from the aging of the working-age population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines11020258
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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  • 4
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    Functional Roles of Homologous Recombination and Non-Homologous End Joining in DNA Damage Response and Microevolution in Cryptococcus neoformans
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2021-07-16), p. 566-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2021-07-16), p. 566-
    Abstract: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious type of DNA lesions because they cause loss of genetic information if not properly repaired. In eukaryotes, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are required for DSB repair. However, the relationship of HR and NHEJ in DNA damage stress is unknown in the radiation-resistant fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. In this study, we found that the expression levels of HR- and NHEJ-related genes were highly induced in a Rad53–Bdr1 pathway-dependent manner under genotoxic stress. Deletion of RAD51, which is one of the main components in the HR, resulted in growth under diverse types of DNA damage stress, whereas perturbations of KU70 and KU80, which belong to the NHEJ system, did not affect the genotoxic stresses except when bleomycin was used for treatment. Furthermore, deletion of both RAD51 and KU70/80 renders cells susceptible to oxidative stress. Notably, we found that deletion of RAD51 induced a hypermutator phenotype in the fluctuation assay. In contrast to the fluctuation assay, perturbation of KU70 or KU80 induced rapid microevolution similar to that induced by the deletion of RAD51. Collectively, Rad51-mediated HR and Ku70/Ku80-mediated NHEJ regulate the DNA damage response and maintain genome stability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof7070566
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    The Positive Correlations between the Expression of Histopathological Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2O Staining and Prostate Cancer Advancement
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2021-08-08), p. 778-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2021-08-08), p. 778-
    Abstract: Background: The mTOR signaling pathway is inactivated by AMPK’s tumor-suppressing function. It is recognized that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 2O (UBE2O), which directly targets AMPK for ubiquitination and degradation, is intensified in human cancers. Methods: This study investigated the clinical data about prostate cancer. Examination was also carried out into tissue microarrays (TMA) of human prostate cancer (n = 382) and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues around prostate cancer (n = 61). The TMA slides were incubated with antibodies against UBE2O, and the cores were scored by the pathologist blind to cancer results. Results: Very strong positive correlations were identified between the expression of UBE2O staining and high PSA and pathological stage of prostate cancer. Cox’s proportional hazard analysis established correlations between the following: (1) positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence free survival, (2) PSA grade and clinical recurrence free survival, (3) regional lymph node positive and clinical recurrence free survival, (4) adjuvant treatment and overall survival, and (5) pathological T stage and overall survival. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the expression of UBE2O staining and prognosis for prostate cancer. Thus, a prostate cancer prognosis can be assessed with the expression of UBE2O staining.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph14080778
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Modelling the Relationship of Infrastructure and Externalities Using Urban Scaling
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-23), p. 5091-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-23), p. 5091-
    Abstract: A surprising aspect of the agglomeration economy is the lack of attention to the impact on the physical environment. Even in the field of spatial planning, road infrastructure has been built in situations where the consideration of the agglomeration economy is insufficient. The urban scaling proposed by theoretical physicists is an excellent tool to solve this problem but is only at the level of conceptually comparing the index values extracted by individually scaling socioeconomic indicators and urban infrastructure with the population. Accordingly, the frame model scales the urban infrastructure with the number of workers by industry sector and includes a density externality structure so that the agglomeration economy and urban infrastructure can be linked directly. Three experiments were conducted to verify the frame model: first, the Zipf distribution of economic activity found straight lines in large cities, peaks in medium cities and hills in small cities; the cities were categorised by urban size. The second experiment verified that linearisation was due to Jacobs externalities, while the third confirmed that the peak was due to Marshall–Arrow–Romer externalities. Moreover, in distinguishing traditional and modern industries, thresholds of 0.6 in agglomeration and 1.0 in economic interaction were found.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14095091
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Design of Sensor Data Processing Steps in an Air Pollution Monitoring System
    MDPI AG ; 2011
    In:  Sensors Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2011-11-28), p. 11235-11250
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2011-11-28), p. 11235-11250
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s111211235
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
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    Neural Architecture Search Survey: A Computer Vision Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-03), p. 1713-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-03), p. 1713-
    Abstract: In recent years, deep learning (DL) has been widely studied using various methods across the globe, especially with respect to training methods and network structures, proving highly effective in a wide range of tasks and applications, including image, speech, and text recognition. One important aspect of this advancement is involved in the effort of designing and upgrading neural architectures, which has been consistently attempted thus far. However, designing such architectures requires the combined knowledge and know-how of experts from each relevant discipline and a series of trial-and-error steps. In this light, automated neural architecture search (NAS) methods are increasingly at the center of attention; this paper aimed at summarizing the basic concepts of NAS while providing an overview of recent studies on the applications of NAS. It is worth noting that most previous survey studies on NAS have been focused on perspectives of hardware or search strategies. To the best knowledge of the present authors, this study is the first to look at NAS from a computer vision perspective. In the present study, computer vision areas were categorized by task, and recent trends found in each study on NAS were analyzed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23031713
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Differential Factors for Predicting Outcomes in Left Main versus Non-Left Main Coronary Bifurcation Stenting
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 14 ( 2021-07-07), p. 3024-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 14 ( 2021-07-07), p. 3024-
    Abstract: Background: No large-scale study has compared the clinical and angiographic predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with left main bifurcation (LMB) and non-LMB stenting after second-generation DES implantation. Herein, we investigated differential clinical and angiographic factors for predicting outcomes in LMB versus non-LMB stenting. Methods: A total of 2648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation DESs from the retrospective patient cohort were divided into an LMB group (n = 935) and a non-LMB group (n = 1713). The primary outcome was the 7-year incidence of target lesion failure (TLF), defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization. Results: The incidence of TLF was 9.8%. Those in the LMB group were associated with a higher risk of TLF (14.2% versus 7.5%, p 〈 0.001) than those in the non-LMB group. Regarding the LMB group, independent predictors of TLF were chronic kidney disease (CKD), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and two-stenting. Regarding the non-LMB group, CKD, reduced LVEF, old age, diabetes, and small diameter of the main vessel stent were independent predictors of TLF. Conclusions: The two-stent strategy could potentially increase TLF for the LMB lesions, and achieving the maximal diameter of the main vessel stent could result in better clinical outcomes for non-LMB lesions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143024
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Inhibition of Autophagy Promotes Hemistepsin A-Induced Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated AMPK-Dependent Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01), p. 1806-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01), p. 1806-
    Abstract: Chemotherapy is an essential strategy for cancer treatment. On the other hand, consistent exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs induces chemo-resistance in cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, it is important to develop a new drug inhibiting chemo-resistance. Although hemistepsin A (HsA) is known to have anti-tumor effects, the molecular mechanisms of HsA-mediated cell death are unclear. Accordingly, this study examined whether HsA could induce apoptosis in aggressive prostate cancer cells, along with its underlying mechanism. Using HsA on two prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP cells, the cell analysis and in vivo xenograft model were assayed. In this study, HsA induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC-3 cells. HsA-mediated ROS production attenuated HsA-induced apoptosis and autophagy after treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Moreover, autophagy inhibition by 3-MA or CQ is involved in accelerating the apoptosis induced by HsA. Furthermore, we showed the anti-tumor effects of HsA in mice, as assessed by the reduced growth of the xenografted tumors. In conclusion, HsA induced apoptosis and ROS generation, which were blocked by protective autophagy signaling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom11121806
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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