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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Platelet-to-White Blood Cell Ratio Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Deterioration
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2463-
    Abstract: Background: The platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) is a hematologic marker of the systemic inflammatory response. Recently, the PWR was revealed to have a role as an independent prognostic factor for mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic failure (ACLF) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) with acute decompensation (AD). However, the prognostic role of the PWR still needs to be investigated in LC patients with AD. In this study, we analyzed whether the PWR could stratify the risk of adverse outcomes (death or liver transplantation (LT)) in these patients. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1670 patients with AD of liver cirrhosis ((age: 55.2 ± 7.8, male = 1226 (73.4%)) was enrolled and evaluated for 28-day and overall adverse outcomes. Results: During a median follow-up of 8.0 months (range, 1.9–15.5 months), 424 (25.4%) patients had adverse outcomes (death = 377, LT = 47). The most common etiology of LC was alcohol use (69.7%). The adverse outcome rate was higher for patients with a PWR ≤ 12.1 than for those with a PWR 〉 12.1. A lower PWR level was a prognostic factor for 28-day adverse outcomes (PWR: hazard ratio 1.707, p = 0.034) when adjusted for the etiology of cirrhosis, infection, ACLF, and the MELD score. In the subgroup analysis, the PWR level stratified the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes regardless of the presence of ACLF or the main form of AD but not for those with bacterial infection. Conclusions: A lower PWR level was associated with 28-day adverse outcomes, indicating that the PWR level can be a useful and simple tool for stratifying the risk of 28-day adverse outcomes in LC patients with AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Ramie leaf Extract Alleviates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats—The Involvement of ROS and Its Associated Signalings
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 745-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 745-
    Abstract: Ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea L.) has been traditionally used to treat gynecological and bone-related disorders. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Ramie leaf extracts (RLE) against osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female SD rats aged seven weeks were randomly assigned into five OVX and a sham-operated (sham) group. OVX subgroups include OVX, vehicle-treated OVX group; E2, OVX with 100 μg/kg 17β-estradiol; and RLE 0.25, 0.5, and 1, OVX rats treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg/day RLE, respectively. Two weeks into the bilateral ovariectomy, all the rats were orally administered with or without RLE daily for 12 weeks. OVX rats administered with RLE showed higher bone density, relatively low tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts, and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) within bone tissues compared to vehicle-treated OVX rats. Furthermore, supplementation of RLE improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure in the total femur. RLE prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes such as Cal-R, MMP-9, cathepsin K, and TRAP in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, RLE administration lowered the intracellular ROS levels by reducing NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX-1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE). These results suggest that RLE alleviates bone mass loss in the OVX rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, where reduced ROS and its associated signalings were involved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15030745
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
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    Construction and Commissioning of PAL-XFEL Facility
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-17), p. 479-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-17), p. 479-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app7050479
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
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    Intestinal Immune Cell Populations, Barrier Function, and Microbiomes in Broilers Fed a Diet Supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2023-07-21), p. 2380-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2023-07-21), p. 2380-
    Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the distribution of immune cells, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant markers, and the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old broiler chickens. A total of 120 day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design, with body weight as the blocking factor. Birds fed a diet containing CV showed an increase in CD4+ T cells (p 〈 0.05) compared to those fed the control diet. The relative mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial barrier function-related markers (occludin and avian β-defensin 5) was elevated (p 〈 0.05) in the CV-supplemented group compared to the control group. The alpha diversity indices (Chao1 and observed features) of the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old birds increased (p 〈 0.05), indicating higher richness within the cecal bacterial community. In the microbiome analysis, enriched genera abundance of Clostridium ASF356 and Coriobacteriaceae CHKCI002 was observed in birds fed the diet containing CV compared to those fed the control diet. Taken together, dietary CV supplementation might alter intestinal barrier function, immunity, and microbiomes in 10-day-old broiler chickens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13142380
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Functional Expression of the Recombinant Spike Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in the Periplasm of Escherichia coli
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-11-10), p. 670-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-11-10), p. 670-
    Abstract: A new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant known as Omicron has caused a rapid increase in recent global patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). To overcome the COVID-19 Omicron variant, production of a recombinant spike receptor binding domain (RBD) is vital for developing a subunit vaccine or a neutralizing antibody. Although bacterial expression has many advantages in the production of recombinant proteins, the spike RBD expressed in a bacterial system experiences a folding problem related to disulfide bond formation. In this study, the soluble Omicron RBD was obtained by a disulfide isomerase-assisted periplasmic expression system in Escherichia coli. The Omicron RBD purified from E. coli was very well recognized by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, sotrovimab (S309), and CR3022, which were previously reported to bind to various SARS-CoV-2 variants. In addition, the kinetic parameters of the purified Omicron RBD upon binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were similar to those of the Omicron RBD produced in the mammalian expression system. These results suggest that an E. coli expression system would be suitable to produce functional and correctly folded spike RBDs of the next emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants quickly and inexpensively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110670
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety of Coadministered Ezetimibe–Rosuvastatin plus Telmisartan in South Korean Patients with Dyslipidemia and Hypertension: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase III Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-19), p. 2377-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-19), p. 2377-
    Abstract: Background: The introduction of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) is expected to improve treatment compliance. Methods: There were 181 subjects who were randomized to three groups: ezetimibe–rosuvastatin 10/20 mg + telmisartan 80 mg, ezetimibe–rosuvastatin 10/20 mg, and telmisartan 80 mg. The primary outcomes were change in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) and percentage change in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to baseline at week 8. Results: The least-square mean (SE) in MSSBP changes between the ezetimibe–rosuvastatin 10/20 mg + telmisartan 80 mg group and the ezetimibe–rosuvastatin 10/20 mg group were −25.81 (2.34) mmHg and −7.66 (2.45) mmHg. There was a significant difference between the two groups (−18.15 (2.83) mmHg, 95% CI −23.75 to −12.56, p 〈 0.0001). Changes in least-square mean (SE) in LDL-C between the ezetimibe–rosuvastatin 10/20 mg + telmisartan 80 mg group and the telmisartan 80 mg group were −63.82 (2.87)% and −2.48 (3.12)%. A significant difference was observed between the two groups (−61.34 (3.33)%, 95% CI −67.91 to −54.78, p 〈 0.0001). No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Ezetimibe–rosuvastatin plus telmisartan treatment is effective and safe when compared to either ezetimibe–rosuvastatin or telmisartan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062377
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Alternative Options for Skin Cancer Therapy via Regulation of AKT and Related Signaling Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2020-09-18), p. 6869-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2020-09-18), p. 6869-
    Abstract: Global environmental pollution has led to human exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to the damaged ozone layer, thereby increasing the incidence and death rate of skin cancer including both melanoma and non-melanoma. Overexpression and activation of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT, also known as protein kinase B) and related signaling pathways are major factors contributing to many cancers including lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and skin cancer. Although BRAF inhibitors are used to treat melanoma, further options are needed due to treatment resistance and poor efficacy. Depletion of AKT expression and activation, and related signaling cascades by its inhibitors, decreases the growth of skin cancer and metastasis. Here we have focused the effects of AKT and related signaling (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathways by regulators derived from plants and suggest the need for efficient treatment in skin cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186869
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Picropodophyllotoxin, an Epimer of Podophyllotoxin, Causes Apoptosis of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through ROS-Mediated JNK/P38 MAPK Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-06-30), p. 4640-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-06-30), p. 4640-
    Abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a major histologic type of esophageal cancer, is one of the frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Picropodophyllotoxin (PPT) is the main component of Podophyllum hexandrum root with antitumor activity via apoptosis-mediated mechanisms in several cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of the PPT effects in apoptosis induction in cancer remains ambiguous. Hence, in this study, we evaluate the anti-cancer effects of PPT in apoptotic signaling pathway-related mechanisms in ESCC cells. First, to verify the effect of PPT on ESCC cell viability, we employed an MTT assay. PPT inhibited the viability of ESCC cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. PPT induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and annexin V-stained cell apoptosis through the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathways. Furthermore, the treatment of KYSE 30 and KYSE 450 ESCC cells with PPT induced apoptosis involving the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress- and apoptosis-related proteins by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and multi-caspase activation. In conclusion, our results indicate that the apoptotic effect of PPT on ESCC cells has the potential to become a new anti-cancer drug by increasing ROS levels and inducing the JNK/p38 signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134640
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Retrochalcone Echinatin Triggers Apoptosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via ROS- and ER Stress-Mediated Signaling Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2019-11-09), p. 4055-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 22 ( 2019-11-09), p. 4055-
    Abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a poor prognostic cancer with a low five-year survival rate. Echinatin (Ech) is a retrochalone from licorice. It has been used as a herbal medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. However, its anticancer activity or underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor activity of Ech on ESCC by inducing ROS and ER stress dependent apoptosis. Ech inhibited ESCC cell growth in anchorage-dependent and independent analysis. Treatment with Ech induced G2/M phase of cell cycle and apoptosis of ESCC cells. It also regulated their related protein markers including p21, p27, cyclin B1, and cdc2. Ech also led to phosphorylation of JNK and p38. Regarding ROS and ER stress formation associated with apoptosis, we found that Ech increased ROS production, whereas its increase was diminished by NAC treatment. In addition, ER stress proteins were induced by treatment with Ech. Moreover, Ech enhanced MMP dysfunction and caspases activity. Furthermore, it regulated related biomarkers. Taken together, our results suggest that Ech can induce apoptosis in human ESCC cells via ROS/ER stress generation and p38 MAPK/JNK activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Deoxypodophyllotoxin, a Lignan from Anthriscus sylvestris, Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest by Inhibiting the EGFR Signaling Pathways in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2020-09-18), p. 6854-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 18 ( 2020-09-18), p. 6854-
    Abstract: Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) derived from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm has attracted considerable interest in recent years because of its anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activity. However, the mechanisms underlying DPT mediated antitumor activity have yet to be fully elucidated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We show here that DPT inhibited the kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) directly, as well as phosphorylation of its downstream signaling kinases, AKT, GSK-3β, and ERK. We confirmed a direct interaction between DPT and EGFR by pull-down assay using DPT-beads. DPT treatment suppressed ESCC cell viability and colony formation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as shown by MTT analysis and soft agar assay. DPT also down-regulated cyclin B1 and cdc2 expression to induce G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle and upregulated p21 and p27 expression. DPT treatment of ESCC cells triggered the release of cytochrome c via loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inducing apoptosis by upregulation of related proteins. In addition, treatment of KYSE 30 and KYSE 450 cells with DPT increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species generation, and multi-caspase activation. Consequently, our results suggest that DPT has the potential to become a new anticancer therapeutic by inhibiting EGFR mediated AKT/ERK signaling pathway in ESCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186854
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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