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  • MDPI AG  (18)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential of Ramalin and Its Derivatives for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 21 ( 2021-10-26), p. 6445-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 21 ( 2021-10-26), p. 6445-
    Abstract: The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still unclear, and presently there is no cure for the disease that can be used for its treatment or to stop its progression. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ramalin (isolated from the Antarctic lichen, Ramalina terebrata), which exhibits various physiological activities, in AD. Specifically, derivatives were synthesized based on the structure of ramalin, which has a strong antioxidant effect, BACE-1 inhibition activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, ramalin and its derivatives exhibit activity against multiple targets associated with AD and can serve as potential therapeutic agents for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216445
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation of Sesquiterpenoids and Steroids from the Soft Coral Sinularia brassica and Determination of Their Absolute Configuration
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2021-09-17), p. 523-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2021-09-17), p. 523-
    Abstract: Two undescribed rearranged cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids (1–2), named sinulaketol A-B, together with one new chlorinated steroid (3), one new gorgosterol (4), one known sesquiterpene (5), one known dibromoditerpene (6) and two known polyhydroxylated steroids (7–8) were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia brassica. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations were also determined by the ECD calculations and DP4+ probability analysis. Antileishmanial activity of compounds 1–8 was evaluated in vitro against the amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani, in which compounds 3, 6, and 7 inhibited the growth of L. donovani by 58.7, 74.3, 54.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM. Antimicrobial effect of the isolated compounds were also evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Compound 6, a brominated diterpene, exhibited antimicrobial effect against S. aureus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md19090523
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    5-Fluorouracil as a Tumor-Treating Field-Sensitizer in Colon Cancer Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cancers Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-12-12), p. 1999-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-12-12), p. 1999-
    Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of mortality that can be treated effectively with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, although resistance to these therapeutic modalities often occurs. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) can block tumor growth by selectively impairing tumor cell division. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitizes tumor cells to TTFields. Human HCT116 and SW480 CRC cells were treated with 5-FU and/or TTFields, and characterized in vitro in terms of cell viability, apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production, autophagy, and metastatic potentials. The biological effects of 5-FU and/or TTFields were studied via positron emission tomography and computed tomography on xenograft tumor growth and were confirmed with organoid models of patients. Our results revealed that combination treatment with 5-FU and TTFields increased the efficiency of TTFields therapy in colon cancer cells by downregulating signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, survival, cell invasion, and migration while upregulating pathways mediating apoptosis and autophagic cell death. The novel mechanistic insights gleaned in this study suggest that combination therapy with TTFields and 5-FU may be effective in treating CRC, although safety and efficacy testing in patients with CRC will need to be performed before this strategy can be implemented clinically for TTF-sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121999
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adding MRI as a Surveillance Test for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Can Improve Prognosis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-27), p. 382-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-27), p. 382-
    Abstract: Gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the survival benefit of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in the surveillance of patients with cirrhosis has not yet been determined. We explored whether the intermittent replacement of ultrasonography (USG) with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI during HCC surveillance improved the clinical outcomes of patients with cirrhosis. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 421 HCC patients who were newly diagnosed during surveillance. Of these patients, 126 (29.9%) underwent surveillance based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and USG (USG+MRI group). The patients (295, 70.1%) who did not undergo MRI during surveillance were referred to as the USG group. In the USG+MRI group, 120 (95.2%) of 126 patients were diagnosed with early-stage HCC, whereas 247 (83.7%) of 295 patients were diagnosed with early-stage HCC in the USG group (P = 0.009). The significantly longer overall survival and time to progression in patients in the USG+MRI group compared to the unmatched cohort USG group was consistently observed by inverse probability weighting and propensity score-matched analysis. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI combined surveillance improved the detection of early-stage HCC and clinical outcomes such as overall survival and the time to progression in patients with cirrhosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020382
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production of Pelleted Biochar and Its Application as an Amendment in Paddy Condition for Reducing Methane Fluxes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-26), p. 470-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-26), p. 470-
    Abstract: The global focus continues with respect to increasing agricultural productivity, such as in paddy soils using inorganic fertilizers. Such practices could adversely affect the agricultural environment by deteriorating soils and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of biochar pellet blended with condensed molasses soluble (CMS) on rice productivity, soil quality, and methane (CH4) emissions in a paddy condition for healthy agricultural ecosystem. This study used a commercial scale pyrolysis system to produce biochar at 600 °C from bamboo. The experiment consisted of three different treatments: control, inorganic fertilizer (IF, N-P-K = 90-45-57 kg ha−1), and biochar pellet (BC_PT, 1000 kg ha−1). Compared to other treatments, the biochar pellet decreased annual CH4 flux by 15.8–18.8%. The rice grain yield under inorganic fertilizer as conventional rice management was slightly more than applied biochar pellets, despite lower soil chemical properties. However, for long-term paddy management, including environmental protection and rice production, biochar pellets are better suited for maintaining a healthy agricultural ecosystem than conventional practices. Indeed, the application of biochar pellets appears to potentially reduce CH4 emissions and maintain stable rice productivity through the slow release of nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12040470
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Household Food Insecurity: Comparison between Families with and without Members with Disabilities
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 17 ( 2020-08-24), p. 6149-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 17 ( 2020-08-24), p. 6149-
    Abstract: Although the high rate of food insecurity among people with disabilities and their households has emerged as an important concern in public health and nutrition policy, the available data on these issues are still too limited to fully understand this phenomenon. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of food insecurity between households with and without persons with disabilities and to explore which sociodemographic and disability characteristics are associated with household food insecurity among households with members with disabilities. The data of 2690 households with and without members with disabilities from the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Household food insecurity was more prevalent among households including persons with disabilities than among those without such members. The likelihood of experiencing food insecurity was especially high in households having a female head with a disability (odds ratio (OR) = 1.98); working-age adults with disabilities (OR = 1.70); members with disabilities who were not economically active (OR = 1.53); and members with mental disabilities (OR = 2.81), disabilities involving internal organs (OR = 4.38), or severe (grades 1–3) disabilities (OR = 1.73). The findings indicate that the disability status and sociodemographic characteristics of disabled family members are closely associated with household food security status.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176149
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Wind Turbine Fire Prevention System Using Fuzzy Rules and WEKA Data Mining Cluster Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-07-05), p. 5176-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-07-05), p. 5176-
    Abstract: With the rapid expansion of the supply of renewable energy in accordance with the global energy transition policy, the wind power generation industry is attracting attention. Subsequently, various wind turbine control technologies have been widely developed and applied. However, there is a lack of research on optimal pitch control, which detects wind direction and changes the rotation angle of the blade in real time. In areas where the wind speed is not strong, such as South Korea, it is necessary to maintain the optimal angle in real time so that the rotating surface of the blade can face the wind direction. In this study, optimal pitch control was performed through real-time analysis of wind speed, direction, and temperature, which is the core of wind turbine maintenance, using fuzzy rules using FIS (Fuzzy Interface System) and WEKA data mining cluster analysis techniques. In order to prevent fires caused by the over-current of wind turbines, over-current control methods such as VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker) utilization, prototype utilization such as a modular MCB (Main Circuit Breaker) incorporating VI (Vacuum Interrupter), and vacuum degree change analysis methods using a PD (Partial Discharge) signal were proposed. The optimal control technique for wind turbine parts and facilities was put forth after judging and predicting the annual average wind distribution suitable for wind power generation using HRWPRM (Korea’s High-Resolution Wind Power Resource Maps). Finally, the various wind turbine control methods carried out in this study were confirmed through computer simulation, such as remote diagnosis and early warning issuance, prediction of power generation increase and decrease situation, and automatic analysis of wind turbine efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16135176
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 8
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    De novo Transcriptome Generation and Annotation for Two Korean Endemic Land Snails, Aegista chejuensis and Aegista quelpartensis, Using Illumina Paired-End Sequencing Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2016-03-15), p. 379-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2016-03-15), p. 379-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Two-in-One Fuel Synthetic Bioethanol-Lignin from Lignocellulose with Sewage Sludge and Its Air Pollutants Reduction Effects
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2019-08-09), p. 3072-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2019-08-09), p. 3072-
    Abstract: Developing effective, economical, and environmentally sound approaches for sewage sludge management remains an important global issue. In this paper, we propose a bioethanol-lignin (nonfood biomass)-based sewage sludge upgrading process for enhancing the heating value and reducing air pollutants of hybrid sewage sludge fuel (HSF) for the effective management of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge paste with the lignin-CaO solution implies drying at 105 °C accompanied by torrefaction at 250 °C. During torrefaction, moisture and partly volatile matter begin to evaporate, and are almost vaporized out to the surface. In this study, the proposed process enhances the net caloric value (NCV) to 37%. The lignin-embedded HSF shows a two-in-one combustion peak regardless of the mixing ratio, resulting in a 70% reduction of unburned carbon (UBC) emissions, which is one of the particular matter (PM) sources of combustion flue gas. Other air pollutants, such as CO, hydrocarbon, NOx, and SOx, were also reduced by the proposed process. In particular, SOx emission remained at ~1 ppm (average value) regardless of the sulfur content of the fuel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12163072
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Peak Detection Algorithm for Vital Sign Detection Using Doppler Radar Sensors
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2019-04-01), p. 1575-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2019-04-01), p. 1575-
    Abstract: An accurate method for detecting vital signs obtained from a Doppler radar sensor is proposed. A Doppler radar sensor can remotely obtain vital signs such as heartbeat and respiration rate, but the vital signs obtained by using the sensor do not show clear peaks like in electrocardiography (ECG) because of the operating characteristics of the radar. The proposed peak detection algorithm extracts the vital signs from the raw data. The algorithm shows the mean accuracy of 96.78% compared to the peak count from the reference ECG sensor and a processing time approximately two times faster than the gradient-based algorithm. To verify whether heart rate variability (HRV) analysis similar to that with an ECG sensor is possible for a radar sensor when applying the proposed method, the continuous parameter variations of the HRV in the time domain are analyzed using data processed with the proposed peak detection algorithm. Experimental results with six subjects show that the proposed method can obtain the heart rate with high accuracy but cannot obtain the information for an HRV analysis because the proposed method cannot overcome the characteristics of the radar sensor itself.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19071575
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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