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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Differential Response of Two Tomato Genotypes, Wild Type cv. Ailsa Craig and Its ABA-Deficient Mutant flacca to Short-Termed Drought Cycles
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-27), p. 2308-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-27), p. 2308-
    Abstract: Two tomato genotypes with constitutively different ABA level, flacca mutant and wild type of Ailsa Craig cv. (WT), were subjected to three repeated drought cycles, with the aim to reveal the role of the abscisic acid (ABA) threshold in developing drought tolerance. Differential responses to drought of two genotypes were obtained: more pronounced stomatal closure, ABA biosynthesis and proline accumulation in WT compared to the mutant were compensated by dry weight accumulation accompanied by transient redox disbalance in flacca. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis of isolated cell wall material and morphological parameter measurements on tomato leaves indicated changes in dry weight accumulation and carbon re-allocation to cell wall constituents in flacca, but not in WT. A higher proportion of cellulose, pectin and lignin in isolated cell walls from flacca leaves further increased with repeated drought cycles. Different ABA-dependent stomatal closure between drought cycles implies that acquisition of stomatal sensitivity may be a part of stress memory mechanism developed under given conditions. The regulatory role of ABA in the cell wall restructuring and growth regulation under low leaf potential was discussed with emphasis on the beneficial effects of drought priming in developing differential defense strategies against drought.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10112308
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Leaf Soluble Sugars and Free Amino Acids as Important Components of Abscisic Acid—Mediated Drought Response in Tomato
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-04), p. 1147-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-04), p. 1147-
    Abstract: Water deficit has a global impact on plant growth and crop yield. Climate changes are going to increase the intensity, duration and frequency of severe droughts, particularly in southern and south-eastern Europe, elevating the water scarcity issues. We aimed to assess the contribution of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in the protective mechanisms against water deficit, including stomatal conductance, relative water potential and the accumulation of osmoprotectants, as well as on growth parameters. To achieve that, we used a suitable model system, ABA-deficient tomato mutant, flacca and its parental line. Flacca mutant exhibited constitutively higher levels of soluble sugars (e.g., galactose, arabinose, sorbitol) and free amino acids (AAs) compared with the wild type (WT). Water deficit provoked the strong accumulation of proline in both genotypes, and total soluble sugars only in flacca. Upon re-watering, these osmolytes returned to the initial levels in both genotypes. Our results indicate that flacca compensated higher stomatal conductance with a higher constitutive level of free sugars and AAs. Additionally, we suggest that the accumulation of AAs, particularly proline and its precursors and specific branched-chain AAs in both, glucose and sucrose in flacca, and sorbitol in WT, could contribute to maintaining growth rate during water deficit and recovery in both tomato genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9091147
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Desiccation Tolerance in Ramonda serbica Panc.: An Integrative Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Metabolite and Photosynthetic Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-28), p. 1199-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-04-28), p. 1199-
    Abstract: The resurrection plant Ramonda serbica Panc. survives long desiccation periods and fully recovers metabolic functions within one day upon watering. This study aimed to identify key candidates and pathways involved in desiccation tolerance in R. serbica. We combined differential transcriptomics and proteomics, phenolic and sugar analysis, FTIR analysis of the cell wall polymers, and detailed analysis of the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) chain. The proteomic analysis allowed the relative quantification of 1192 different protein groups, of which 408 were differentially abundant between hydrated (HL) and desiccated leaves (DL). Almost all differentially abundant proteins related to photosynthetic processes were less abundant, while chlorophyll fluorescence measurements implied shifting from linear PET to cyclic electron transport (CET). The levels of H2O2 scavenging enzymes, ascorbate-glutathione cycle components, catalases, peroxiredoxins, Fe-, and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced in DL. However, six germin-like proteins (GLPs), four Cu/ZnSOD isoforms, three polyphenol oxidases, and 22 late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAPs; mainly LEA4 and dehydrins), were desiccation-inducible. Desiccation provoked cell wall remodeling related to GLP-derived H2O2/HO● activity and pectin demethylesterification. This comprehensive study contributes to understanding the role and regulation of the main metabolic pathways during desiccation aiming at crop drought tolerance improvement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11091199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diurnal, Temporal and Spatial Variations of Main Air Pollutants Before and during Emergency Lockdown in the City of Novi Sad (Serbia)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-01-28), p. 1212-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-01-28), p. 1212-
    Abstract: Changes in air pollution in the region of the city of Novi Sad due to the COVID-19 induced state of emergency were evaluated while using data from permanently operating air quality monitoring stations belonging to the national, regional, and local networks, as well as ad hoc deployed low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors. The low-cost sensors were collocated with reference gravimetric pumps. The starting idea for this research was to determine if and to what extent a massive change of anthropogenic activities introduced by lockdown could be observed in main air pollutants levels. An analysis of the data showed that fine and coarse particulate matter, as well as SO2 levels, did not change noticeably, compared to the pre-lockdown period. Isolated larger peaks in PM pollution were traced back to the Aralkum Desert episode. The reduced movement of vehicles and reduced industrial and construction activities during the lockdown in Novi Sad led to a reduction and a more uniform profile of the PM2.5 levels during the period between morning and afternoon air pollution peak, approximately during typical working hours. Daily profiles of NO2, NO, and NOX during the state of emergency proved lower levels during most hours of the day, due to restrictions on vehicular movement. CO during the state of the emergency mainly exhibited a lower level during night. Pollutants having transportation-dominated source profiles exhibited a decrease in level, while pollutants with domestic heating source profiles mostly exhibited a constant level. Considering local sources in Novi Sad, slight to moderate air quality improvement was observed after the lockdown as compared with days before. Furthermore, PM low-cost sensors’ usefulness in air quality assessment was confirmed, as they increase spatial resolution, but it is necessary to calibrate them at the deployment location.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11031212
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends of the Prevalence of Pre-gestational Diabetes in 2030 and 2050 in Belgrade Cohort
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2022-05-27), p. 6517-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2022-05-27), p. 6517-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends in diabetes in pregnancy in Belgrade, Serbia for the period of the past decade and forecast the number of women with pre-gestational diabetes for the years 2030 and 2050. The study included the data on all pregnant women with diabetes from the registry of the deliveries in Belgrade, by the City Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Serbia for the period between 2010 and 2020 and the published data on the deliveries on the territory of Belgrade. During the examined period the total number of live births in Belgrade was 196,987, and the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy was 3.4%, with the total prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes of 0.7% and overall prevalence of GDM of 2.7%. The average age of women in our study was significantly lower in 2010 compared to 2020. The forecasted prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes among all pregnant women for 2030 is 2% and 4% for 2050 in our cohort. Our study showed that the prevalence of pre-gestational diabetes has increased both among all pregnant women and among women with diabetes in pregnancy in the past decade in Belgrade, Serbia and that it is expected to increase further in the next decades and to further double by 2050.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116517
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Efficiency of National Innovation Policy Programs: The Case of Serbia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 8483-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 8483-
    Abstract: We aimed to assess the efficiency of the selected national innovation policy programs in the Republic of Serbia. We analyzed the impact of the Innovation Fund’s Mini-Grants and Matching Grants programs on the operating revenue growth of beneficiary micro, small, and medium enterprises. An econometric analysis of panel data was conducted. Because of the small number of periods observed, a model of individual effects was applied. Conclusions and recommendations were based on the results of random effects models. The findings indicate that program funding increased business revenues compared to the period before and that there was a direct link between indebtedness and revenue growth, which confirmed the positive impact of financing on the sustainable development prospects of beneficiaries through facilitating access to funding and innovation capacity improvement. These findings can have important policy implications as they provide guidelines for designing future actions and empirically confirm the need to increase public expenditures for innovation policy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14148483
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Removal of Copper from Mining Wastewater Using Natural Raw Material—Comparative Study between the Synthetic and Natural Wastewater Samples
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Minerals Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-08-25), p. 753-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-08-25), p. 753-
    Abstract: The intent in this paper is to define how the batch equilibrium results of copper removal from a synthetic solution on natural zeolite can be used for prediction of the breakthrough curves in the fixed-bed system for both a synthetic solution and wastewater. Natural zeolite from the Vranjska Banja deposit, Serbia, has been fully characterized (XRD, chemical composition, DTA/TG, SEM/EDS) as a clinoptilolite with cation exchange capacity of 146 meq/100 g. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) in the batch of the mono-component system (synthetic copper solution) obtained using the Langmuir isotherm model was 7.30 and 6.10 mg/g for particle size below 0.043 and 0.6–0.8 mm, respectively. Using the flow-through system with the 0.6–0.8 mm zeolite fixed-bed, almost double the adsorption capacity (11.2–12.2 mg/g) has been achieved in a saturation point for the copper removal from the synthetic solution, compared to the batch. Better results are attributed to the constant high concentration gradient in flow-through systems compared to the batch. The complex composition of wastewater and large amounts of earth alkaline metals disturb free adsorption sights on the zeolite surface. This results in a less effective adsorption in flow-through systems with adsorption capacity in breakthrough point of 5.84 mg/g (~0.95 × qm) and in a saturation point of 7.10 mg/g (~1.15 × qm).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min10090753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Innovative Gold/Cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposite: Physicochemical and Cytotoxicity Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Processes Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-16), p. 2264-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-16), p. 2264-
    Abstract: The combination of plasmonic material and magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles is widely used in multifunctional nanosystems. Here we propose a method for the fabrication of a gold/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite for biomedical applications. The composite includes gold cores of ~10 nm in diameter coated with arginine, which are surrounded by small cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with diameters of ~5 nm covered with dihydrocaffeic acid. The structure and elemental composition, morphology and dimensions, magnetic and optical properties, and biocompatibility of new nanocomposite were studied. The magnetic properties of the composite are mostly determined by the superparamagnetic state of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, and optical properties are influenced by the localized plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of gold/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite was tested using T-lymphoblastic leukemia and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Studied composite has selective citotoxic effect on cancerous cells while it has no cytotoxic effect on healtly cells. The results suggest that this material can be explored in the future for combined photothermal treatment and magnetic theranostic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr9122264
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 9
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    The Significance of MGMT Promoter Methylation Status in Diffuse Glioma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-27), p. 13034-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-27), p. 13034-
    Abstract: A single-institution observational study with 43 newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas defined the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) gene mutation status and evaluated the prognostic relevance of the methylation status of the epigenetic marker O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Younger patients ( 〈 50 years) with surgically resected glioma and temozolomide (TMZ) adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with better prognosis, consistent with other studies. The methylation status depends on the chosen method and the cut-off value determination. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) established the methylation status for 36 glioma patients (19 (52.8%) positively methylated and 17 (47.2%) unmethylated) without relevancy for the overall survival (OS) (p = 0.33). On the other side, real-time methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) revealed 23 tumor samples (54%) that were positively methylated without association with OS (p = 0.15). A combined MSP analysis, which included the homogenous cohort of 24 patients ( 〉 50 years with surgical resection and IDH1/2-wildtype diffuse glioma), distinguished 10 (41.6%) methylated samples from 14 (58.4%) unmethylated samples. Finally, significant correlation between OS and methylation status was noticed (p ≈ 0.05). The OS of the hypermethylated group was 9.6 ± 1.77 months, whereas the OS of the unmethylated group was 5.43 ± 1.04 months. Our study recognized the MGMT promoter methylation status as a positive prognostic factor within the described homogenous cohort, although further verification in a larger population of diffuse gliomas is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113034
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Activity in Leaves and Roots of Carrot Plants Induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-10), p. 337-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-10), p. 337-
    Abstract: The present study examined the effects of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani infection on antioxidative metabolism in leaves and roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Disease symptoms appeared at the end of June in the form of the chlorosis on some of the leaves, which became intensely red one week later, while the previously healthy leaves from the same branch becme chlorotic. A few days later, all leaves from the infected leaf branch were intensely red. Infected plants also had slower growth compared to the healthy ones with fewer leaf branches developed. The roots of infected plants were less developed, seared, or gummy with or without brown-colored root hair. The presence of the pathogen was detected by sequencing the 16S rRNA. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST analyses of the obtained sequence revealed 100% identity of tested strain with deposited Ca. Phytoplasma solani strains from various countries and hosts, all belonging to the “stolbur” group (16SrXII-A). Identity of 99.74% was found when the tested Serbian strain (MF503627) was compared with the reference stolbur strain STOL11 (AF248959). The oxidative damage of membranes in carrot cells was accompanied by a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, for the determination of specific scavenging properties of the extracts, in vitro antioxidant assay was performed. In phytoplasma-infected carrot leaves, there was a greater reduction in the level of glutathione content (GSH); however; flavonoids and anthocyanidins seem to be responsible for the accompanied increased antioxidative capacity against hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10020337
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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