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  • MDPI AG  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prolonged Longitudinal Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effect on Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-17), p. 1730-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-17), p. 1730-
    Abstract: Background: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is effective for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to explore the modulating effect of prolonged longitudinal taVNS on the striatal subregions’ functional connectivity (FC) in MDD patients. Methods: Sixteen MDD patients were enrolled and treated with taVNS for 8 weeks. Sixteen healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited without intervention. The resting-state FC (rsFC) based on striatal subregion seed points and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were evaluated in the MDD patients and HCs at baseline and after 8 weeks. A two-way ANCOVA test was performed on each rsFC metric to obtain the (group-by-time) interactions. Results: The rsFC values between the left ventral caudate (vCa) and right ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC), and between the right nucleus accumbens (NAc) and right dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) are lower in the MDD patients compared to the HCs at baseline, and increase following taVNS; the rsFC values between the left vCa and right, superior occipital gyrus (SOG), and between the left dorsal caudate (dCa) and right cuneus are higher in MDD patients and decrease following taVNS. Conclusions: Prolonged longitudinal taVNS can modulate the striatum rsFC with the prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, and intra-striatum, and these changes partly underlie any symptomatic improvements. The results indicate that prolonged longitudinal taVNS may produce beneficial treatment effects by modulating the cortical striatum circuitry in patients with MDD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121730
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Promising Photoluminescence Enhancement of Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum by Simultaneous Localized and Propagating Surface Plasmons of Ag Nanostructures
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-03-16), p. 3786-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-03-16), p. 3786-
    Abstract: The continuous performance optimization of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) materials is of great significance during the commercialization process of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In incorporating Ag nanostructures into Alq3, the photophysical properties are greatly improved by the plasmon–exciton coupling effect. Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in Ag nanoparticles (NPs) efficiently increased the absorption ability. The coexistence of LSPs and propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) in Ag nanowires (NWs) leads to a PL enhancement of 5.3-fold and a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) narrowed by 10 nm. Temperature-dependent PL measurements exhibit that the plasmonic density of states (DOS) increases with decreasing temperature below 40 °C, and the thermal exchange can be accelerated by the introduction of Ag nanostructures. Effective suppression of the thermal accumulation effect is further proved by excitation intensity (EI)-dependent PL measurements. We also found that Ag nanostructures could mainly change the y coordinates in International Commission on Illumination (CIE), leading to a higher brightness. The 5372 K color temperature of an Ag NWs-embedded composite is suitable for daylight-type fluorescent OLEDs. The results would pave an effective way for further optimizing the optical performance of light-emitting materials in OLEDs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13063786
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Citronellal Attenuates Oxidative Stress–Induced Mitochondrial Damage through TRPM2/NHE1 Pathway and Effectively Inhibits Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 2241-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 2241-
    Abstract: In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oxidative stress induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), which is closely related to the formation of atherosclerosis. However, there are few effective drugs to prevent and cure it. Citronellal (CT) is an aromatic active substance extracted from citronella plants. Recently, CT has been shown to prevent ED, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CT ameliorated T2DM-induced ED by inhibiting the TRPM2/NHE1 signal pathway. Transient receptor potential channel M2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel activated by oxidative stress, which damages endothelial cell barrier function and further leads to ED or atherosclerosis in T2DM. The Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1), a transmembrane protein, also plays an important role in ED. Whether TRPM2 and NHE1 are involved in the mechanism of CT improving ED in T2DM still needs further study. Through the evaluations of ophthalmoscope, HE and Oil red staining, vascular function, oxidative stress level, and mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation, we observed that CT not only reduced the formation of lipid deposition but also inhibited ED and suppressed oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage in vasculature of T2DM rats. The expressions of NHE1 and TRPM2 was up-regulated in the carotid vessels of T2DM rats; NHE1 expression was also upregulated in endothelial cells with overexpression of TRPM2, but CT reversed the up-regulation of NHE1 in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, CT had no inhibitory effect on the expression of NHE1 in TRPM2 knockout mice. Our study show that CT suppressed the expression of NHE1 and TPRM2, alleviated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, and imposed a protective effect on ED in T2DM rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112241
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Advances in Synergistic Antitumor Effects Exploited from the Inhibition of Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-Related Protein Kinase (ATR)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 8 ( 2022-04-12), p. 2491-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 8 ( 2022-04-12), p. 2491-
    Abstract: As one of the key phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) family members, ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related protein kinase (ATR) is crucial in maintaining mammalian cell genomic integrity in DNA damage response (DDR) and repair pathways. Dysregulation of ATR has been found across different cancer types. In recent years, the inhibition of ATR has been proven to be effective in cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical studies. Importantly, tumor-specific alterations such as ATM loss and Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) amplification are more sensitive to ATR inhibition and are being exploited in synthetic lethality (SL) strategy. Besides SL, synergistic anticancer effects involving ATRi have been reported in an increasing number in recent years. This review focuses on the recent advances in different forms of synergistic antitumor effects, summarizes the pharmacological benefits and ongoing clinical trials behind the biological mechanism, and provides perspectives for future challenges and opportunities. The hope is to draw awareness to the community that targeting ATR should have great potential in developing effective anticancer medicines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spectrum-Effect Relationships as a Systematic Approach to Traditional Chinese Medicine Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Molecules Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2014-11-04), p. 17897-17925
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2014-11-04), p. 17897-17925
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117897
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metformin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Abnormal Glutamatergic Transmission
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biology Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-10-26), p. 359-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-10-26), p. 359-
    Abstract: Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been found to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with comorbid depression and other diseases. However, it is largely unclear how metformin ameliorates depressive-like behaviors. Here, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce depressive-like behaviors in mice and found that LPS-treated mice exhibited increased immobility in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), as well as increased glutamatergic transmission. Furthermore, metformin administration in the LPS-treated mice ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and elevated glutamatergic transmission. Our results suggest that metformin has antidepressant effects and can correct abnormal glutamatergic transmission, providing an insight into the underlying mechanism by which metformin acts against depression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology9110359
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metformin Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Transmission onto Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-04), p. 706-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-04), p. 706-
    Abstract: Metformin (Met) is a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have shown that Met exerts beneficial effects on a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). However, it is still largely unclear how Met acts on neurons. Here, by treating acute hippocampal slices with Met (1 μM and 10 μM) and recording synaptic transmission as well as neuronal excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons, we found that Met treatments significantly increased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), but not amplitude. Neither frequency nor amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were changed with Met treatments. Analysis of paired-pulse ratios (PPR) demonstrates that enhanced presynaptic glutamate release from terminals innervating CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons, while excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons was not altered. Our results suggest that Met preferentially increases glutamatergic rather than GABAergic transmission in hippocampal CA1, providing a new insight on how Met acts on neurons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100706
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physiological and Dry Matter Characteristics of Spring Maize in Northeast China under Drought Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Water Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-02), p. 1561-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-02), p. 1561-
    Abstract: This paper examined impacts of drought on both physiological and dry matter characteristics of spring maize grown in Liaoning, China in 2016. We compared responses of dry matters of various parts, yield components, leaf photosynthesis, and transpiration to four drought levels: RD (no drought treatment), D1 (drought treatment between the 38th and 65th day after sowing), D2 (drought treatment between the 38th and 79th day after sowing), and D3 (drought treatment between the 53rd and 93rd day after sowing). Results indicate that the long-term drought in either jointing period or tasseling period had a severer impact on the dry matters and yield components than the short-term drought in jointing period. Moreover, the dry matters and the corresponding partitioning coefficients of different parts were distinct. The yield reduction was caused by the decreases of ear length and bald tip ratio during the short-term drought at jointing period, while it was caused by the reductions of ear length, ear diameter, and grain number per spike during the long-term drought in jointing and tasseling periods. Responses of leaf photosynthesis and transpiration to drought were lagging, but reactions of tasseling drought were faster. Leaf photosynthesis and transpiration after a short-term drought in jointing period could recover to an average level but that after the long-term drought in either jointing or tasseling period could not, after irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w10111561
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and Evaluation of a Novel One-Step RT-qPCR Targeting the Vero Gene for the Identification of False-Positive Results Caused by Inactivated Virus Vaccine Contamination
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 372-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 372-
    Abstract: To identify false-positive SARS-CoV-2 test results caused by novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine contamination, a novel RT-qPCR targeting the ORF1ab and N genes of SARS-CoV-2 and Vero gene was developed. The amplification efficiency, precision, and lower limit of detection (LLOD) of the RT-qPCR assay were determined. A total of 346 clinical samples and 132 environmental samples were assessed, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated. The results showed that the amplification efficiency of the ORF1ab, N, and Vero genes was 95%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. The coefficients of variation of Ct values at a concentration of 3 × 104 copies/mL were lower than 5%. The LLOD for the ORF1ab, N, and Vero genes reached 8.0, 3.3, and 8.2 copies/reaction, respectively. For the 346 clinical samples, our RT-qPCR assay identified SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative samples with a sensitivity of 100.00% and a specificity of 99.30% and novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine-contaminated samples with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. For the environmental samples, our RT-qPCR assay identified novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine-contaminated samples with a sensitivity of 88.06% and a specificity of 95.38%. In conclusion, the RT-qPCR assay we established can be used to diagnose COVID-19 and, to a certain extent, false-positive results due to vaccine contamination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020372
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ubiquitin Ligase Nrdp1 Controls Autophagy-Associated Acrosome Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Arrangement during Spermiogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cells Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-05), p. 2211-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-05), p. 2211-
    Abstract: Autophagy is critical to acrosome biogenesis and mitochondrial quality control, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1/RNF41 promotes ubiquitination of the mitophagy-associated Parkin and interacts with the pro-autophagic protein SIP/CacyBP. Here, we report that global deletion of Nrdp1 leads to formation of the round-headed sperm and male infertility by disrupting autophagy. Quantitative proteome analyses demonstrated that the expression of many proteins associated with mitochondria, lysosomes, and acrosomes was dysregulated in either spermatids or sperm of the Nrdp1-deficient mice. Deletion of Nrdp1 increased the levels of Parkin but decreased the levels of SIP, the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and the mitochondrial protein Tim23 in sperm, accompanied by the inhibition of autophagy, the impairment of acrosome biogenesis and the disruption of mitochondrial arrangement in sperm. Thus, our results uncover an essential role of Nrdp1 in spermiogenesis and male fertility by promoting autophagy, providing important clues to cope with the related male reproductive diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells12182211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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