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  • MDPI AG  (426)
  • 1
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    Risk Factors for Hiccups after Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus for Parkinson’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-26), p. 1447-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-10-26), p. 1447-
    Abstract: Background: After deep brain stimulation (DBS), hiccups as a complication may lead to extreme fatigue, sleep deprivation, or affected prognosis. Currently, the causes and risk factors of postoperative hiccups are unclear. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for hiccups after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) under general anesthesia. Methods: We retrospectively included patients who underwent STN DBS in the study, and collected data of demographic characteristics, clinical evaluations, and medications. According to the occurrence of hiccups within seven days after operation, the patients were divided into a hiccups group and non-hiccups group. The potentially involved risk factors for postoperative hiccups were statistically analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 191 patients were included in the study, of which 34 (17.80%) had postoperative transient persistent hiccups. Binary univariate logistic regression analysis showed that male, higher body mass index (BMI), smoker, Hoehn and Yahr stage (off), preoperative use of amantadine, hypnotic, Hamilton anxiety scale and Hamilton depression scale scores, and postoperative limited noninfectious peri-electrode edema in deep white matter were suspected risk factors for postoperative hiccups (p 〈 0.1). In binary multivariate logistic regression analysis, male (compared to female, OR 14.00; 95% CI, 1.74–112.43), postoperative limited noninfectious peri-electrode edema in deep white matter (OR, 7.63; 95% CI, 1.37–42.37), preoperative use of amantadine (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.08–12.28), and higher BMI (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.46–8.36) were independent risk factors for postoperative hiccups. Conclusions: This study is the first report about the risk factors of hiccups after STN DBS under general anesthesia for PD patients. The study suggests that male, higher BMI, preoperative use of amantadine, and postoperative limited noninfectious peri-electrode edema in deep white matter are independent risk factors for postoperative hiccups of STN-DBS for PD patients. Most hiccups after STN-DBS for PD patients were transient and self-limiting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111447
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 2
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    New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana crassa Inhibit β-Amyloid42 Production and Phospho-Tau (Thr217)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-12), p. 1487-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-12), p. 1487-
    Abstract: Eleven monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including three new ones, tabercrassines A–C (1–3), were isolated from the seeds of Tabernaemontana crassa. Tabercrassine A (1) is an ibogan–ibogan-type bisindole alkaloid which is formed by the polymerization of two classic ibogan-type monomers through a C3 unit aliphatic chain. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD spectra. Cellular assays showed that alkaloids 1–3 all reduce Aβ42 production and inhibit phospho-tau (Thr217), a new biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease [AD] associated with BACE1-, NCSTN-, GSK3β-, and CDK5-mediated pathways, suggesting these alkaloids’ potential against AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021487
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    An Attention Mechanism-Improved YOLOv7 Object Detection Algorithm for Hemp Duck Count Estimation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-10), p. 1659-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-10), p. 1659-
    Abstract: Stocking density presents a key factor affecting livestock and poultry production on a large scale as well as animal welfare. However, the current manual counting method used in the hemp duck breeding industry is inefficient, costly in labor, less accurate, and prone to double counting and omission. In this regard, this paper uses deep learning algorithms to achieve real-time monitoring of the number of dense hemp duck flocks and to promote the development of the intelligent farming industry. We constructed a new large-scale hemp duck object detection image dataset, which contains 1500 hemp duck object detection full-body frame labeling and head-only frame labeling. In addition, this paper proposes an improved attention mechanism YOLOv7 algorithm, CBAM-YOLOv7, adding three CBAM modules to the backbone network of YOLOv7 to improve the network’s ability to extract features and introducing SE-YOLOv7 and ECA-YOLOv7 for comparison experiments. The experimental results show that CBAM-YOLOv7 had higher precision, and the recall, mAP@0.5, and mAP@0.5:0.95 were slightly improved. The evaluation index value of CBAM-YOLOv7 improved more than those of SE-YOLOv7 and ECA-YOLOv7. In addition, we also conducted a comparison test between the two labeling methods and found that the head-only labeling method led to the loss of a high volume of feature information, and the full-body frame labeling method demonstrated a better detection effect. The results of the algorithm performance evaluation show that the intelligent hemp duck counting method proposed in this paper is feasible and can promote the development of smart reliable automated duck counting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12101659
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 4
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    Two-Way Coupling Simulation of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow and Wear Experiments in a Slurry Pump
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-01-04), p. 57-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2022-01-04), p. 57-
    Abstract: The slurry pump is one of the most important pieces of equipment in mineral transportation and separation systems, and it has complex two-phase flow characteristics and wear mechanisms. By employing numerical and experimental methods, the solid–liquid two-phase flow characteristics and wear patterns were investigated in this study. A two-way coupling discrete phase model (DPM) method was used to predict the flow pattern and the wear location and shows good agreement with the experimental observations. The pump performance characteristics of numerical results under pure water conditions were consistent with the experimental results. The effects of particle parameters and operating conditions on the internal flow field and wear were compared and discussed. The results show that the wear degree increased with the increase in volume flow rate and solid volume fraction. With the increase in particle size, the wear range at the impeller inlet became significantly smaller, but the wear degree became obviously larger. This study provides a basis for reducing the wear and improving the hydraulic performance of slurry pumps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10010057
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 5
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    Comorbidity in Older Patients Hospitalized with Cancer in Northeast China based on Hospital Discharge Data
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2020-10-31), p. 8028-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 21 ( 2020-10-31), p. 8028-
    Abstract: Patients with cancer often carry the dual burden of the cancer itself and other co-existing medical conditions. The problems associated with comorbidities among elderly cancer patients are more prominent compared with younger patients. This study aimed to identify common cancer-related comorbidities in elderly patients through routinely collected hospital discharge data and to use association rules to analyze the prevalence and patterns of these comorbidities in elderly cancer patients at different cancer sites. We collected the discharge data of 80,574 patients who were diagnosed with cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, lung, female breast, cervix, and thyroid between 2016 and 2018. The same number of non-cancer patients were randomly selected as the control group and matched with the case group by age and gender. The results showed that cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, digestive diseases, and anemia were the most common comorbidities in elderly patients with cancer. The comorbidity patterns differed based on the cancer site. Elderly patients with liver cancer had the highest risk of comorbidities, followed by lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, thyroid cancer, and reproductive cancer. For example, elderly patients with liver cancer had the higher risk of the comorbid infectious and digestive diseases, whereas patients with lung cancer had the higher risk of the comorbid respiratory system diseases. The findings can assist clinicians in diagnosing comorbidities and contribute to the allocation of medical resources.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Antiproliferative Aspidosperma-Type Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Bousigonia mekongensis Inhibit Tubulin Polymerization
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2019-03-31), p. 1256-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2019-03-31), p. 1256-
    Abstract: Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are structurally diverse natural products found in plants of the family Apocynaceae. Among them, vincristine and its derivatives are well known for their anticancer activity. Bousigonia mekongensis, a species in this family, contains various monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. In the current study, fourteen known aspidosperma-type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (1–14) were isolated and identified from a methanol extract of the twigs and leaves of B. mekongensis for the first time. Among them, compounds 3, 6, 9, and 13 exhibited similar antiproliferative activity spectra against A549, KB, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KB subline KB-VIN cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.5–0.9 μM. The above alkaloids efficiently induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by inhibiting tubulin polymerization as well as mitotic bipolar spindle formation. Computer modeling studies indicated that compound 7 likely forms a hydrogen bond (H-bond) with α- or β-tubulin at the colchicine site. Evaluation of the antiproliferative effects and SAR analysis suggested that a 14,15-double bond or 3α-acetonyl group is critical for enhanced antiproliferative activity. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated for the first time that compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, and 13 efficiently induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M by inhibiting tubulin polymerization by binding to the colchicine site.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071256
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Characteristics of Electroencephalogram in the Prefrontal Cortex during Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease under Propofol General Anesthesia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 62-
    Abstract: Background: Monitoring the depth of anesthesia by electroencephalogram (EEG) based on the prefrontal cortex is an important means to achieve accurate regulation of anesthesia for subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) under general anesthesia in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, no previous study has conducted an in-depth investigation into this monitoring data. Here, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of prefrontal cortex EEG during DBS with propofol general anesthesia in patients with PD and determine the reference range of parameters derived from the depth of anesthesia monitoring. Additionally, we attempted to explore whether the use of benzodiazepines in the 3 days during hospitalization before surgery impacted the interpretation of the EEG parameters. Materials and Methods: We included the data of 43 patients with PD who received STN DBS treatment and SedLine monitoring during the entire course of general anesthesia with propofol in a single center. Eighteen patients (41.86%) took benzodiazepines during hospitalization. We divided the anesthesia process into three stages: awake state before anesthesia, propofol anesthesia state, and shallow anesthesia state during microelectrode recording (MER). We analyzed the power spectral density (PSD) and derived parameters of the patients’ prefrontal EEG, including the patient state index (PSI), spectral edge frequency (SEF) of the left and right sides, and the suppression ratio. The baseline characteristics, preoperative medication, preoperative frontal lobe image characteristics, preoperative motor and non-motor evaluation, intraoperative vital signs, internal environment and anesthetic information, and postoperative complications are listed. We also compared the groups according to whether they took benzodiazepines before surgery during hospitalization. Results: The average PSI of the awake state, propofol anesthesia state, and MER state were 89.86 ± 6.89, 48.68 ± 12.65, and 62.46 ± 13.08, respectively. The preoperative administration of benzodiazepines did not significantly affect the PSI or SEF, but did reduce the total time of suppression, maximum suppression ratio, and the PSD of beta and gamma during MER. Regarding the occurrence of postoperative delirium and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores, there was no significant difference between the two groups (chi-square test, p = 0.48; Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.30). Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrate the reference range of the derived parameters of the depth of anesthesia monitoring and the characteristics of the prefrontal EEG of patients with PD in the awake state, propofol anesthesia state, and shallow anesthesia during MER. Taking benzodiazepines in the 3 days during hospitalization before surgery reduces suppression and the PSD of beta and gamma during MER, but does not significantly affect the observation of anesthesiologists on the depth of anesthesia, nor affect the postoperative delirium and MMSE scores.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 8
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    Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Treats Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Comorbidity: A Retrospective Study of a Single Center Experience
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 70-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 70-
    Abstract: Background: Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective method for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, safety of STN-DBS treating PD patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidity is rarely focused and reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of STN-DBS treating PD patients with CVD comorbidity. Methods: We retrospectively included PD patients with CVD comorbidity who underwent STN-DBS under general anesthesia in our center from January 2019 to January 2021. Patient’s PD symptoms and cardiopulmonary function were evaluated by a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) before surgery. Post-operative clinical outcome and complications were collected until 1-year follow-up. Results: A total of 38 patients (26 men/12 women) of mean body mass index (BMI) 24.36 ± 3.11 kg/m2, with different CVD comorbidity were finally speculated in the study. These CVD include mainly hypertension, coronary artery disease, thoracic aortic aneurysm, heart valve replacement, pacemaker implantation, atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, and so on. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 38 patients at admission day, pre-operation day, and discharge day timepoint was 135.63 ± 18.08 mmHg, 137.66 ± 12.26 mmHg, and 126.87 ± 13.36 mmHg, respectively. This showed that blood pressure was controlled well under stable and normal state. The indicators of myocardial infarction Troponin T (Tn T-T) levels at pre-operation, 1 day and 7 days after operation timepoint were 0.014 ± 0.011 ng/mL, 0.015 ± 0.011 ng/mL, and 0.014 ± 0.008 ng/mL, showing no significant fluctuation (F = 0.038, p = 0.962). STN-DBS improved PD patients’ UPDRS III scores by 51.38% (t = 12.33, p 〈 0.0001) at 1-year follow-up compared with pre-operative baseline. A total of 11 adverse events were recorded until 1-year follow-up. No obvious cardiovascular complications such as intracranial hematoma or clot-related events occurred within 1 year after surgery except 1 case of hematuria. Conclusions: STN-DBS under general anesthesia is safe and effective for treating PD patients with CVD comorbidity. Our clinical experience and protocol of the MDT offers comprehensive perioperative evaluation for DBS surgery and mitigates bleeding and cardiovascular-associated events in PD patients with CVD comorbidity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010070
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 9
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    Effective Identification of Terrain Positions from Gridded DEM Data Using Multimodal Classification Integration
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-11-14), p. 443-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-11-14), p. 443-
    Abstract: Terrain positions are widely used to describe the Earth’s topographic features and play an important role in the studies of landform evolution, soil erosion and hydrological modeling. This work develops a new multimodal classification system with enhanced classification performance by integrating different approaches for terrain position identification. The adopted classification approaches include local terrain attribute (LA)-based and regional terrain attribute (RA)-based, rule-based and supervised, and pixel-based and object-oriented methods. Firstly, a double-level definition scheme is presented for terrain positions. Then, utilizing a hierarchical framework, a multimodal approach is developed by integrating different classification techniques. Finally, an assessment method is established to evaluate the new classification system from different aspects. The experimental results, obtained at a Loess Plateau region in northern China on a 5 m digital elevation model (DEM), show reasonably positional relationship, and larger inter-class and smaller intra-class variances. This indicates that identified terrain positions are consistent with the actual topography from both overall and local perspectives, and have relatively good integrity and rationality. This study demonstrates that the current multimodal classification system, developed by taking advantage of various classification methods, can reflect the geographic meanings and topographic features of terrain positions from different levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7110443
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 10
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    Discovery of Novel Agents on Spindle Assembly Checkpoint to Sensitize Vinorelbine-Induced Mitotic Cell Death against Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-05), p. 5608-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-05), p. 5608-
    Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts about 80% of all lung cancers. More than two-thirds of NSCLC patients have inoperable, locally advanced or metastatic tumors. Non-toxic agents that synergistically potentiate cancer-killing activities of chemotherapeutic drugs are in high demand. YL-9 was a novel and non-cytotoxic compound with the structure related to sildenafil but showing much less activity against phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). NCI-H460, an NSCLC cell line with low PDE5 expression, was used as the cell model. YL-9 synergistically potentiated vinorelbine-induced anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects in NCI-H460 cells. Vinorelbine induced tubulin acetylation and Bub1-related kinase (BUBR1) phosphorylation, a necessary component in spindle assembly checkpoint. These effects, as well as BUBR1 cleavage, were substantially enhanced in co-treatment with YL-9. Several mitotic arrest signals were enhanced under combinatory treatment of vinorelbine and YL-9, including an increase of mitotic spindle abnormalities, increased cyclin B1 expression, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) phosphorylation and increased phosphoproteins. Moreover, YL-9 also displayed synergistic activity in combining with vinorelbine to induce apoptosis in A549 cells which express PDE5. In conclusion. the data suggest that YL-9 is a novel agent that synergistically amplifies vinorelbine-induced NSCLC apoptosis through activation of spindle assembly checkpoint and increased mitotic arrest of the cell cycle. YL-9 shows the potential for further development in combinatory treatment against NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165608
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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