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  • MDPI AG  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methane Emissions Driven by Adding a Gradient of Ethanol as Carbon Source in Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Water Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-05-24), p. 1086-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-05-24), p. 1086-
    Abstract: This work aims to investigate the methane emissions from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs) when ethanol is added as an external carbon source. In this study, a gradient of ethanol (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mmol/L) was added as the carbon source in an IVCW planted with Cyperus alternifolius L. The results showed that the methane emission flux at an ethanol concentration of 32 mmol/L was 32.34 g CH4 m−2 day−1 less than that of the control experiment (0 mmol/L) and that the methane emission flux at an ethanol concentration of 16 mmol/L was 5.53 g CH4 m−2 day−1 less than that at 0 mmol/L. In addition, variations in the water quality driven by the different ethanol concentrations were found, with a redox potential range of −64 mV to +30 mV, a pH range of 6.6–6.9, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate range of 41% to 78%, and an ammonia nitrogen removal rate range of 59% to 82% after the ethanol addition. With the average CH4-C/TOC (%) value of 35% driven by ethanol, it will be beneficial to understand that CH4-C/TOC can be considered an ecological indicator of anthropogenic methanogenesis from treatment wetlands when driven by carbon sources or carbon loading. It can be concluded that adding ethanol as an external carbon source can not only meet the water quality demand of the IVCW treatment system but also stimulate and increase the average CH4 emissions from IVCWs by 23% compared with the control experiment. This finding indicates that an external carbon source can stimulate more CH4 emissions from IVCWs and shows the importance of carbon sources during sewage treatment processes when considering greenhouse emissions from treated wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w11051086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 2
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    The CXCL10/CXCR3 Pathway Contributes to the Synergy of Thermal Ablation and PD-1 Blockade Therapy against Tumors
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1427-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1427-
    Abstract: As a practical local therapeutic approach to destroy tumor tissue, thermal ablation can activate tumor-specific T cells via enhancing tumor antigen presentation to the immune system. In the present study, we investigated changes in infiltrating immune cells in tumor tissues from the non-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) side by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of tumor-bearing mice compared with control tumors. We showed that ablation treatment could increase the proportion of CD8+T cells and the interaction between macrophages and T cells was altered. Another thermal ablation treatment, microwave ablation (MWA), increased the enrichment of signaling pathways for chemotaxis and chemokine response and was associated with the chemokine CXCL10. In addition, the immune checkpoint PD-1 was especially up-regulated in the infiltrating T cells of tumors on the non-ablation side after thermal ablation treatment. Combination therapy of ablation and PD-1 blockade had a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Furthermore, we found that the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of ablation combined with anti-PD-1 therapy, and activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling pathway might improve the synergistic effect of this combination treatment against solid tumors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051427
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Magnesium and Nitrogen Co-Doped Mesoporous Carbon with Enhanced Microporosity for CO2 Adsorption
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2018-04-25), p. 275-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2018-04-25), p. 275-
    Abstract: Mesoporous carbons (MC) have attracted a tremendous amount of interest due to their efficient molecular transport properties. However, the limited number of active sites and low microporosity generally impede their use for practical applications. Herein, we have fabricated Mg and N co-doped mesoporous carbon (Mg-NMC) with high microporosity via one-pot synthetic route followed by further steam activation. In comparison with the parent N-doped mesoporous carbon, Mg-NMC shows partially ordered mesostructure and improved CO2 adsorption capacity attributed to the introduction of basic site after Mg doping. Upon further steam activation, the microporosity is enhanced to 37.3%, while the CO2 adsorption capacity is also increased by 70.4% at 273 K and 1.0 bar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano8050275
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
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    Catalytic Abatement of Nitrous Oxide Coupled with Ethane Oxydehydrogenation over Mesoporous Cr/Al2O3 Catalyst
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-04), p. 137-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2017-05-04), p. 137-
    Abstract: Waste nitrous oxide (N2O) was utilized as an oxidant for ethane oxydehydrogenation reaction at the temperature range from 450 °C to 700 °C over the mesoporous Cr/Al2O3 catalyst synthesized via the one-pot evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The obtained mesoporous material with favorable textural property and advantageous thermal stability was investigated as the catalyst for ethane oxydehydrogenation. It was found that the utilization of N2O as an oxidant for the oxydehydrogenation reaction of ethane resulted in simultaneous and complete N2O abatement. Moreover, the catalytic conversion of C2H6 to C2H4 was increased from 18% to 43% as the temperature increased from 450 °C to 700 °C. The increased N2O concentration from 5 vol % to 20 vol % resulted in an increased ethane conversion but decreased ethylene selectivity because the nonselective reactions occurred. Ethane was converted into ethylene with approximately 51% selectivity and 22% yield at 700 °C and N2O concentration of 10%. After a catalytic steady state was reached, no obvious decline was observed during a 15 h evaluation period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal7050137
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 5
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    Ultra-High Frequency Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Temperature Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2024-01-15), p. 135-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2024-01-15), p. 135-
    Abstract: Highly sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have recently been recognized as a promising tool for various industrial and medical applications. However, existing SAW sensors generally suffer from a complex design, large size, and poor robustness. In this paper, we develop a simple and stable delay line ultra-high frequency (UHF) SAW sensor for highly sensitive detection of temperature. A Z-shaped delay line is specially designed on the piezoelectric substrate to improve the sensitivity and reduce the substrate size. Herein, the optimum design parameters of extremely short-pitch interdigital transducers (IDTs) are given by numerical simulations. The extremely short pitch gives the SAW sensor ultra-high operating frequency and consequently ultra-high sensitivity. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the sensitivity of the Z-shaped SAW delay line sensor can reach up to 116.685°/°C for temperature detection. The results show that the sensor is an attractive alternative to current SAW sensing platforms in many applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi15010135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 6
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    Ionic Liquid Confined in Mesoporous Polymer Membrane with Improved Stability for CO2/N2 Separation
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2017-09-29), p. 299-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2017-09-29), p. 299-
    Abstract: Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) have a promising prospect of application in flue gas separation, owing to its high permeability and selectivity of CO2. However, existing SILMs have the disadvantage of poor stability due to the loss of ionic liquid from the large pores of the macroporous support. In this study, a novel SILM with high stability was developed by confining ionic liquid in a mesoporous polymer membrane. First, a mesoporous polymer membrane derived from a soluble, low-molecular-weight phenolic resin precursor was deposited on a porous Al2O3 support, and then 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4] ) was immobilized inside mesopores of phenolic resin, forming the SILM under vacuum. Effects of trans-membrane pressure difference on the SILM separation performance were investigated by measuring the permeances of CO2 and N2. The SILM exhibits a high ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of 40, and an actual selectivity of approximately 25 in a mixed gas (50% CO2 and 50% N2) at a trans-membrane pressure difference of 2.5 bar. Compared to [emim][BF4] supported by polyethersulfone membrane with a pore size of around 0.45 μm, the [emim][BF4] confined in a mesoporous polymer membrane exhibits an improved stability, and its separation performance remained stable for 40 h under a trans-membrane pressure difference of 1.5 bar in a mixed gas before the measurement was intentionally stopped.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano7100299
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
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    Effects of Ferulic Acid on Respiratory Metabolism, Oxidative Lesions, and Apoptotic Parameters in Gills and Red Blood Cells of Carp (Cyprinus carpio Var. Jian) Response to Copper
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2024-03-04), p. 314-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2024-03-04), p. 314-
    Abstract: In sustainable aquaculture systems, copper sulfate (CuSO4) is widely applied as a disinfectant to control parasitic infections and algal growth. However, aquatic organisms may suffer from exposure to excessive concentrations of Cu. Elevated Cu concentrations could activate damage to the respiratory functions of aquatic animals. Thus, this study explored the effects exerted by ferulic acid (FA) on respiratory metabolism, oxidation-related lesions, and the apoptosis parameters of the gills and red blood cells in copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)-treated carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). When the 30-day feeding experiment was completed, the carp were exposed to 12.5 μM of Cu for 4 days. The results indicated that the Cu decreased the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in the carp, reduced the metabolic- and antioxidant-related enzyme activities and glutathione levels in the carp, and enhanced the caspase activities and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in the gills of the carp. Moreover, in addition to the changes in the above parameters, the Cu decreased the cell numbers and hemoglobin concentrations and increased the phosphatidylserine exposure and cytochrome c levels in the red blood cells of the carp. These results demonstrate that Cu is capable of decreasing respiratory metabolism and increasing oxidation-related lesions and apoptosis inside the gills and red blood cells of the fish. However, dietary FA quenched the Cu-induced apoptosis and oxidative lesions by reversing the same biomarker indicators, thereby suppressing the Cu-induced decrease in respiratory metabolism. Thus, FA can be used as a suppressor of Cu stress in fish.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030314
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Induces Host Metabolic Reprogramming to Increase Glucose Availability for Intracellular Replication
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-16), p. 10003-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 18 ( 2021-09-16), p. 10003-
    Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human-limited intracellular pathogen and the cause of typhoid fever, a severe systemic disease. Pathogen–host interaction at the metabolic level affects the pathogenicity of intracellular pathogens, but it remains unclear how S. Typhi infection influences host metabolism for its own benefit. Herein, using metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, combined with in vitro and in vivo infection assays, we investigated metabolic responses in human macrophages during S. Typhi infection, and the impact of these responses on S. Typhi intracellular replication and systemic pathogenicity. We observed increased glucose content, higher rates of glucose uptake and glycolysis, and decreased oxidative phosphorylation in S. Typhi-infected human primary macrophages. Replication in human macrophages and the bacterial burden in systemic organs of humanized mice were reduced by either the inhibition of host glucose uptake or a mutation of the bacterial glucose uptake system, indicating that S. Typhi utilizes host-derived glucose to enhance intracellular replication and virulence. Thus, S. Typhi promotes its pathogenicity by inducing metabolic changes in host macrophages and utilizing the glucose that subsequently accumulates as a nutrient for intracellular replication. Our findings provide the first metabolic signature of S. Typhi-infected host cells and identifies a new strategy utilized by S. Typhi for intracellular replication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Extreme Learning Machine for Multi-Label Classification
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Entropy Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2016-06-08), p. 225-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 6 ( 2016-06-08), p. 225-
    Abstract: Extreme learning machine (ELM) techniques have received considerable attention in the computational intelligence and machine learning communities because of the significantly low computational time required for training new classifiers. ELM provides solutions for regression, clustering, binary classification, multiclass classifications and so on, but not for multi-label learning. Multi-label learning deals with objects having multiple labels simultaneously, which widely exist in real-world applications. Therefore, a thresholding method-based ELM is proposed in this paper to adapt ELM to multi-label classification, called extreme learning machine for multi-label classification (ELM-ML). ELM-ML outperforms other multi-label classification methods in several standard data sets in most cases, especially for applications which only have a small labeled data set.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e18060225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 10
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    PCVMZM: Using the Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines Model Combined with a Zernike Moments Descriptor to Predict Protein–Protein Interactions from Protein Sequences
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2017-05-11), p. 1029-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2017-05-11), p. 1029-
    Abstract: Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for most living organisms’ process. Thus, detecting PPIs is extremely important to understand the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. Although many PPIs data have been generated by high-throughput technologies for a variety of organisms, the whole interatom is still far from complete. In addition, the high-throughput technologies for detecting PPIs has some unavoidable defects, including time consumption, high cost, and high error rate. In recent years, with the development of machine learning, computational methods have been broadly used to predict PPIs, and can achieve good prediction rate. In this paper, we present here PCVMZM, a computational method based on a Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines (PCVM) model and Zernike moments (ZM) descriptor for predicting the PPIs from protein amino acids sequences. Specifically, a Zernike moments (ZM) descriptor is used to extract protein evolutionary information from Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) generated by Position-Specific Iterated Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (PSI-BLAST). Then, PCVM classifier is used to infer the interactions among protein. When performed on PPIs datasets of Yeast and H. Pylori, the proposed method can achieve the average prediction accuracy of 94.48% and 91.25%, respectively. In order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the state-of-the-art support vector machines (SVM) classifier is used and compares with the PCVM model. Experimental results on the Yeast dataset show that the performance of PCVM classifier is better than that of SVM classifier. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method is robust, powerful and feasible, which can be used as a helpful tool for proteomics research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051029
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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