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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Study of the Thermal Decomposition Properties of Binary Imidazole Ionic Liquid Mixtures
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 1357-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 1357-
    Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of applications, owing to their negligible vapor pressure, high electrical conductivity, and low melting point. However, the thermal hazards of ILs and their mixtures are also non-negligible. In this study, the thermal hazards of various binary imidazolium ionic liquids (BIIL) mixtures were investigated. The effects of parent salt components and molar ratios on the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) and flashpoint temperature (Tf) are investigated. It is found that both Td and Tf increase as the proportion of highly thermally stable components in BIIL mixtures increases. Furthermore, the decomposition process of BIIL mixtures can be divided into two stages. For most molar ratios, the Tf of the BIIL mixtures is in the first stage of thermal decomposition. When the proportion of highly thermally stable components is relatively high, Tf is in the second stage of thermal decomposition. The flammability is attributed to the produced combustible gases during the thermal decomposition process. This work would be reasonably expected to provide some guidance for the safety design and application of IL mixtures for engineering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041357
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigation for Sidewall Roughness Caused Optical Scattering Loss of Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Coatings Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-04), p. 236-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-04), p. 236-
    Abstract: Sidewall roughness-caused optical loss of waveguides is one of the critical limitations to the proliferation of the silicon photonic integrated circuits in fiber-optic communications and optical interconnects in computers, so it is imperative to investigate the distribution characteristics of sidewall roughness and its impact upon the optical losses. In this article, we investigated the distribution properties of waveguide sidewall roughness (SWR) with the analysis for the three-dimensional (3-D) SWR of dielectric waveguides, and, then the accurate SWR measurements for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide were carried out with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Further, we composed a theoretical/experimental combinative model of the SWR-caused optical propagation loss. Consequently, with the systematic simulations for the characteristics of optical propagation loss of SOI waveguides, the two critical points were found: (i) the sidewall roughness-caused optical loss was synchronously dependent on the correlation length and the waveguide width in addition to the SWR and (ii) the theoretical upper limit of the correlation length was the bottleneck to compressing the roughness-induced optical loss. The simulation results for the optical loss characteristics, including the differences between the TE and TM modes, were in accord with the experimental data published in the literature. The above research outcomes are very sustainable to the selection of coatings before/after the SOI waveguide fabrication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings10030236
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating the Applicability of High-Speed Air Flotation Technology for Water Supply: A Case Study in Tianjin Binhai New Area
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Separations Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-11-09), p. 362-
    Details
    In: Separations, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-11-09), p. 362-
    Abstract: The development and application of advanced water purification technology is crucial to guarantee a sufficient supply of clean water. However, conventional water purification technology consumes large amounts of coagulants, with the formation of intractable sludge. Herein, the applicability of high-speed air flotation technology for the purification of actual water sources was evaluated in Tianjin Binhai New Area. During a three-year survey, the raw water exhibited periodic pollution characteristics with algae cells as the main removal targets in all seasons. The raw water had both low temperatures and low turbidity in winter, another obstacle for water treatment. Based on the scientific analysis of the water’s quality, the water purification process was comprehensively optimized via regulating the dosage of agents and operating parameters and using high-speed air flotation equipment. The results showed that a dissolved air pressure of 0.40 MPa, reflux ratio of 8%, and SUEZ-1# dissolved air release head combined with pre-chlorination with PACl plus FeCl3 (PACl/FeCl3 ratio = 2:1) were suitable for attaining a good purification performance. High turbidity removal rates (80.9–86.2%) and algae cell removal rates (92.5–98.1%) were obtained even in the high algae period of summer and low turbidity period in the winter, proving the superior stability and applicability of the high-speed air flotation system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-8739
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/separations9110362
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2869930-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Situ Remediation of Phosphogypsum with Water-Washing Pre-Treatment Using Cemented Paste Backfill: Rheology Behavior and Damage Evolution
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2021-11-18), p. 6993-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2021-11-18), p. 6993-
    Abstract: The accumulation of original phosphogypsum (OPG) has occupied considerable land resources, which have induced significant environmental problems worldwide. The OPG-based cemented paste backfill (OCPB) has been introduced as a promising solution. In this study, a water-washing pre-treatment was used to purify OPG, aiming to optimize the transport performance and mechanical properties of backfills. The overall results proved that in treated phosphogypsum-based cemented paste backfill (TCPB), the altered particle size distribution can alleviate the shear-thinning characteristic. The mechanical properties were significantly optimized, of which a maximum increase of 183% of stress value was observed. With more pronounced AE signals, the TCPB samples demonstrated better residual structures after the ultimate strength values but with more unstable cracks with high amplitude generated during loading. Principal component analysis confirmed the adverse effects of fluorine and phosphorus on the damage fractal dimensions. The most voluminous hydration products observed were amorphous CSH and ettringite. The interlocked stellate clusters may be associated with the residual structure and the after-peak AE events evident in TCPB, indicate that more significant stress should be applied to break the closely interlocked stitches. Ultimately, the essential findings in this experimental work can provide a scientific reference for efficient OPG recycling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14226993
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of T-Shape Upsetting Test in Ultrafine-Grained Pure Copper
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 4869-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 4869-
    Abstract: Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials can effectively solve the problem of size effects and improve the mechanical properties due to its ultra-high strength. This paper is dedicated to analyzing the deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of UFG pure copper based on T-shape upsetting test. Experimental results demonstrate that: the edge radius and V-groove angle have significant effects on the rib height and aspect ratio λ during T-shape upsetting; while the surface roughness has little effect on the forming load in the first stage, but in the second stage the influence becomes significant. The dynamic recrystallization temperature of UFG pure copper is between 200 °C and 250 °C.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14174869
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hybrid Endovascular Repair in Aortic Arch Pathologies: A Retrospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2010-11-18), p. 4687-4696
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2010-11-18), p. 4687-4696
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chitooligosaccharides Modulate Glucose-Lipid Metabolism by Suppressing SMYD3 Pathways and Regulating Gut Microflora
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2020-01-20), p. 69-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2020-01-20), p. 69-
    Abstract: Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have a variety of biological activities due to their positively charged amino groups. Studies have shown that COS have antidiabetic effects, but their molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study confirmed that COS can reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, prevent obesity, and enhance histological changes in the livers of mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, treatment with COS can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in the colon by altering the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Furthermore, in T2DM mice, treatment with COS can upregulate the cholesterol-degrading enzymes cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) while specifically inhibiting the transcription and expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), the key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, using an oleic acid-induced hepatocyte steatosis model, we found that HMGCR can be directly transactivated by SET and MYND domain containing 3 (SMYD3), a transcriptional regulator, via 5′-CCCTCC-3′ element in the promoter. Overexpression of SMYD3 can suppress the inhibitory effect of COS on HMGCR, and COS might regulate HMGCR by inhibiting SMYD3, thereby exerting hypolipidemic functions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to illustrate that COS mediate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by regulating gut microbiota and SMYD3-mediated signaling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md18010069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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