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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Asprosin in the Paraventricular Nucleus Induces Sympathetic Activation and Pressor Responses via cAMP-Dependent ROS Production
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2022-10-20), p. 12595-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2022-10-20), p. 12595-
    Abstract: Asprosin is a newly discovered adipokine that is involved in regulating metabolism. Sympathetic overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the regulation of sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. This study was designed to determine the roles and underlying mechanisms of asprosin in the PVN in regulating sympathetic outflow and blood pressure. Experiments were carried out in male adult SD rats under anesthesia. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and PVN microinjections were performed bilaterally. Asprosin mRNA and protein expressions were high in the PVN. The high asprosin expression in the PVN was involved in both the parvocellular and magnocellular regions according to immunohistochemical analysis. Microinjection of asprosin into the PVN produced dose-related increases in RSNA, MAP, and HR, which were abolished by superoxide scavenger tempol, antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. The asprosin promoted superoxide production and increased NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN. Furthermore, it increased the cAMP level, adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, and protein kinase A (PKA) activity in the PVN. The roles of asprosin in increasing RSNA, MAP, and HR were prevented by pretreatment with AC inhibitor SQ22536 or PKA inhibitor H89 in the PVN. Microinjection of cAMP analog db-cAMP into the PVN played similar roles with asprosin in increasing the RSNA, MAP, and HR, but failed to further augment the effects of asprosin. Pretreatment with PVN microinjection of SQ22536 or H89 abolished the roles of asprosin in increasing superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in the PVN. These results indicated that asprosin in the PVN increased the sympathetic outflow, blood pressure, and heart rate via cAMP–PKA signaling-mediated NADPH oxidase activation and the subsequent superoxide production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 2
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    A Cascade Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Furanized Triarylmethanes via Gold Self-Relay Catalysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-29), p. 1051-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-29), p. 1051-
    Abstract: In this paper, A new gold self-relay catalysis enabling intramolecular annulation and intermolecular Michael addition of 3-yne-1,2-diols with aurone-derived azadienes (or para-quinone methides) is reported, efficiently furnishing a range of unsymmetrical furanized triarylmethanes with substituent diversity in good yields. The overall process was governed by the π- and σ-Lewis acid capability of gold complexes, providing a catalytic strategy for constructing triarylmethane skeletons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13071051
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 3
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    Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sympathetic Activation and Sepsis via Suppressing Superoxide Signaling in Paraventricular Nucleus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 2395-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 2395-
    Abstract: Sympathetic overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis. The selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used for perioperative sedation and analgesia. We aimed to determine the central roles and mechanisms of DEX in attenuating sympathetic activity and inflammation in sepsis. Sepsis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Effects of DEX were investigated 24 h after injection of LPS. Bilateral microinjection of DEX in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuated LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity, which was attenuated by the superoxide dismutase inhibitor DETC, cAMP analog db-cAMP or GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine. Superoxide scavenger tempol, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 or PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMP caused similar effects to DEX in attenuating LPS-induced sympathetic activation. DEX inhibited LPS-induced superoxide and cAMP production, as well as NADPH oxidase, adenylate cyclase and PKA activation. The roles of DEX in reducing superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activation were attenuated by db-cAMP or gabazine. Intravenous infusion of DEX inhibited LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity, NOX activation, superoxide production, TNF-α and IL-1β upregulation in the PVN and plasma, as well as lung and renal injury, which were attenuated by the PVN microinjection of yohimbine and DETC. We conclude that activation of α2-adrenergic receptors with DEX in the PVN attenuated LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity by reducing NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production via both inhibiting adenylate cyclase-cAMP-PKA signaling and activating GABAA receptors. The inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in the PVN partially contributes to the roles of intravenous infusion of DEX in attenuating LPS-induced sympathetic activation, oxidative stress and inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 4
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    Overview of the Observing System and Initial Scientific Accomplishments of the East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Galaxies Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-12-07), p. 113-
    Details
    In: Galaxies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-12-07), p. 113-
    Abstract: The East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN) is an international VLBI facility in East Asia and is operated under mutual collaboration between East Asian countries, as well as part of Southeast Asian and European countries. EAVN currently consists of 16 radio telescopes and three correlators located in China, Japan, and Korea, and is operated mainly at three frequency bands, 6.7, 22, and 43 GHz with the longest baseline length of 5078 km, resulting in the highest angular resolution of 0.28 milliarcseconds at 43 GHz. One of distinct capabilities of EAVN is multi-frequency simultaneous data reception at nine telescopes, which enable us to employ the frequency phase transfer technique to obtain better sensitivity at higher observing frequencies. EAVN started its open-use program in the second half of 2018, providing a total observing time of more than 1100 h in a year. EAVN fills geographical gap in global VLBI array, resulting in enabling us to conduct contiguous high-resolution VLBI observations. EAVN has produced various scientific accomplishments especially in observations toward active galactic nuclei, evolved stars, and star-forming regions. These activities motivate us to initiate launch of the ’Global VLBI Alliance’ to provide an opportunity of VLBI observation with the longest baselines on the earth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4434
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10060113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2691049-4
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and Associated Pathogens: Meta-Analysis of Global Published Data and a Field Survey in China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2021-04-22), p. 4430-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2021-04-22), p. 4430-
    Abstract: Dermacentor silvarum is an obligate blood sucking arthropod and transmits various pathogens to humans and domestic animals. Recently several new viruses were detected in D. silvarum as an emerging disease threat. In this study, we aimed to analyze its geographical distribution and associated pathogens. Data were collected from multiple sources, including a field survey, reference book, and literature review. We searched various electronic databases with the terms “Dermacentor silvarum” OR “D. silvarum” for studies published since 1963 and the positive rates for Dermacentor silvarum-associated pathogens were estimated by meta-analysis. D. silvarum was found only in four countries in Eurasia, ranging from 22° N to 57° N latitude. At least 20 human pathogens were associated with D. silvarum, including five species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, three species in the family of Anaplasmataceae, three genospecies in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Francisella tularensis, Babesia venatorum, Coxiella buenetii, Borrelia miyamotoi, and five species of virus. Among them, Rickettsia raoultii was widely detected in D. silvarum, showing the highest pooled positive rate (25.15%; 95% CI 13.31–39.27). Our work presents the most comprehensive data and analysis (to our knowledge) for the geographical distribution of D. silvarum and associated pathogens, revealing an emerging threat to public health and stocking farming. Continued surveillance and further investigations should be enhanced.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094430
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Effects of Fiber and Copper Particles on Conductivity and Breakdown Characteristics of Natural Ester and Mineral Oil under DC Voltage
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-04-09), p. 1818-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-04-09), p. 1818-
    Abstract: The converter transformer is a key equipment in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. Its oil-paper insulation system in the valve winding and outlet bushing experiences AC, DC, AC/DC, and transient impulse voltages simultaneously. The oil contamination problem is more serious under DC electric field. Therefore, it is significant to investigate the characteristic of particles motion and accumulation under DC electric field. In this paper, first, the movement and accumulation behavior of fiber particles and copper particles in mineral oil and natural ester were recorded and simulated. Then, the influence of fiber and copper particles on the oil conductivity was analyzed. Finally, the DC breakdown strength of mineral oil and natural ester with different particles concentration was compared. Results show that the movement speed of copper particles was larger than that of fiber particles. Fiber impurities were easy to form bridges in mineral oil, while there was no impurity bridge in natural ester. The current density of mineral oil containing particles is larger than that of the natural ester at the same testing time. The DC 50% probability breakdown voltages of oil samples containing fiber and copper particles decreased linearly with the increase of particle concentration, and the decrease rate of DC 50% probability breakdown voltages of oil containing copper particles were faster than that of oil containing fiber particles. Compared to pure mineral oil, the DC breakdown voltages corresponding to 50% probability of contaminated mineral oil showed a decrease from 11.9% to 22.5% when the fiber particle concentration increased from 0.001% to 0.012%. The DC 50% probability breakdown voltages of contaminated mineral oil with copper particles decreased from 23.8% to 45.0% when the particle concentration increased from 0.1 g/L to 1.5g/L. However, the decline range of the figures for natural ester contaminated by fiber or copper particles showed a smaller drop.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13071818
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 7
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    Regulation of FSH Synthesis by Differentially Expressed miR-488 in Anterior Adenohypophyseal Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 3262-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 3262-
    Abstract: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus, promotes the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thereby regulating the growth and reproduction of animals. GnRH analogues have been widely used in livestock production. MiRNAs, which are endogenous non-coding RNAs, have been found to play important roles in hormone regulation and other physiological processes in recent years. However, the roles of miRNAs in GnRH-mediated regulation of FSH secretion have rarely been studied. Herein, we treated bovine anterior adenohypophyseal cells with an exogenous GnRH analogue and found that miR-488 was differentially expressed. Through a combination of TargetScan prediction and dual luciferase reporter analysis, miR-488 was confirmed to be able to target the FSHB gene. Based on this finding, we verified the expression of Fshβ and Lhβ mRNA in the rat adenohypophysis before and after exogenous GnRH treatment in vivo and in vitro. Experiments on rat anterior adenohypophyseal cells showed that overexpression of miR-488 significantly inhibited Fshβ expression and FSH synthesis, while knockdown of miR-488 had the opposite effects. Our results demonstrate that GnRH relies on miR-488 to regulate FSH synthesis, providing additional useful evidence for the significance of miRNAs in the regulation of animal reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11113262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist TS-157 Improves Motor Functional Recovery by Promoting Neurite Outgrowth and pERK in Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 1212-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 1212-
    Abstract: Sigma-1 (σ-1) receptor agonists are considered as potential treatment for stroke. TS-157 is an alkoxyisoxazole-based σ-1 receptor agonist previously discovered in our group. The present study describes TS-157 profile in a battery of tests for cerebral ischemia. Initial evaluation demonstrated the compound’s safety profile and blood–brain barrier permeability, as well as its ability to induce neurite outgrowth in vitro. The neurite outgrowth was shown to be mediated via σ-1 receptor agonism and involves upregulation of ERK phosphorylation (pERK). In particular, TS-157 also significantly accelerated the recovery of motor function in rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Overall, the results herein support the notion that σ-1 receptor agonists are potential therapeutics for stroke and further animal efficacy studies are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051212
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    A Cross-Tissue Investigation of Molecular Targets and Physiological Functions of Nsun6 Using Knockout Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-13), p. 6584-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-13), p. 6584-
    Abstract: The 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification on an mRNA molecule is deposited by Nsun2 and its paralog Nsun6. While the physiological functions of Nsun2 have been carefully studied using gene knockout (KO) mice, the physiological functions of Nsun6 remain elusive. In this study, we generated an Nsun6-KO mouse strain, which exhibited no apparent phenotype in both the development and adult stages as compared to wild-type mice. Taking advantage of this mouse strain, we identified 80 high-confident Nsun6-dependent m5C sites by mRNA bisulfite sequencing in five different tissues and systematically analyzed the transcriptomic phenotypes of Nsun6-KO tissues by mRNA sequencing. Our data indicated that Nsun6 is not required for the homeostasis of these organs under laboratory housing conditions, but its loss may affect immune response in the spleen and oxidoreductive reaction in the liver under certain conditions. Additionally, we further investigated T-cell-dependent B cell activation in KO mice and found that Nsun6 is not essential for the germinal center B cell formation but is associated with the formation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Finally, we found that Nsun6-mediated m5C modification does not have any evident influence on the stability of Nsun6 target mRNAs, suggesting that Nsun6-KO-induced phenotypes may be associated with other functions of the m5C modification or Nsun6 protein.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126584
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 10
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    Dactylospenes A–E, Sesterterpenes from the Marine Sponge Dactylospongia elegans
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2020-09-25), p. 491-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2020-09-25), p. 491-
    Abstract: Chemical investigation on a marine sponge, Dactylospongia elegans, yielded five new γ-oxygenated butenolide sesterterpene derivatives, dactylospenes A–E (1–5), as well as two known biosynthetically related compounds, luffariellolide (6) and furospinosulin B (7). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data, experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis, as well as comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogs. These metabolites are the first γ-oxygenated butenolide sesterterpenes to be reported from this genus. These compounds were evaluated in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic assays. Only compounds 1, 3, and 6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against DU145, SW1990, Huh7, and PANC-1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 2.11–13.35 μM. Furthermore, compound 2, without cytotoxicity, exhibited significant inhibitory effects (inhibitory rate 77.5%) on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide at 10 μM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md18100491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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