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  • MDPI AG  (111)
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  • MDPI AG  (111)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    N-Methylcytisine Ameliorates Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2018-02-25), p. 510-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2018-02-25), p. 510-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030510
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphological Type Identification of Self-Incompatibility in Dendrobium and Its Phylogenetic Evolution Pattern
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 2595-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2018-09-01), p. 2595-
    Abstract: Self-incompatibility (SI) is a type of reproductive barrier within plant species and is one of the mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of the high diversity and adaptation of angiosperm species. Approximately 40% of flowering plants are SI species, while only 10% of orchid species are self-incompatible. Intriguingly, as one of the largest genera in Orchidaceae, 72% of Dendrobium species are self-incompatible, accounting for nearly half of the reported SI species in orchids, suggesting that SI contributes to the high diversity of orchid species. However, few studies investigating SI in Dendrobium have been published. This study aimed to address the following questions: (1) How many SI phenotypes are in Dendrobium, and what are they? (2) What is their distribution pattern in the Dendrobium phylogenetic tree? We investigated the flowering time, the capsule set rate, and the pollen tube growth from the representative species of Dendrobium after artificial pollination and analysed their distribution in the Asian Dendrobium clade phylogenetic tree. The number of SI phenotypes exceeded our expectations. The SI type of Dendrobium chrysanthum was the primary type in the Dendrobium SI species. We speculate that there are many different SI determinants in Dendrobium that have evolved recently and might be specific to Dendrobium or Orchidaceae. Overall, this work provides new insights and a comprehensive understanding of Dendrobium SI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Underwater Wireless Charging System of Unmanned Surface Vehicles with High Power, Large Misalignment Tolerance and Light Weight: Analysis, Design and Optimization
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 24 ( 2022-12-15), p. 9529-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 24 ( 2022-12-15), p. 9529-
    Abstract: Wireless charging systems (WCSs) are considered very appropriate to recharge underwater surface vehicles (USVs) due to their safe, flexible, and cost-effective characteristics. The small depth of immersion of USVs allows a WCS operated at an mm-level distance using a dock. Resultant tight coupling between the transmitter and receiver is conducive to high power, yet faces a challenge to alleviating misalignment sensitivity. In addition, considering USVs’ endurance, the weight of a WCS should be strictly limited. In this paper, a 6.0 kW underwater WCS is analyzed, designed, and optimized, which achieves a good balance of power capacity, misalignment tolerance, and onboard weight. A multi-receiving-coil structure is employed, which is crucial to large misalignment tolerance. On this basis, two types of coils adapting the hull shape of USV, viz., curved and quasi-curved coils, are devised and compared in case the hydrodynamic performance of USV is degraded. Finally, the weight of receiver is effectively reduced using bar-shaped ferrite without sacrificing the power capacity of WCSs. The results indicate a merely 8.73% drop in coupling coefficient with misalignment ranging from 0 to 100 mm. Moreover, ferrite use is reduced by 40.48 kg compared to a ferrite sheet, which accounts for 50.28% weight of the receiver.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15249529
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2019-02-28), p. 1047-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2019-02-28), p. 1047-
    Abstract: Calcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl2) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress. Meanwhile, we investigated that removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca2+)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress indicated that ethylene participates in this process. Moreover, the application of Ca2+ promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress. Furthermore, we discovered that Ca2+ greatly up-regulated the expression level of CsACS3, CsACO1 and CsACO2 under salt stress. Meanwhile, Ca2+ significantly down-regulated CsETR1, CsETR2, CsERS, and CsCTR1, but positively up-regulated the expression of CsEIN2 and CsEIN3 under salt stress; however, the application of Ca2+ chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca2+ on the expression of the above genes. These results indicated that Ca2+ played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051047
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Breakage of Shape-Anisotropic Particles under Normal Contact with Different Particle Shape Parameters
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2021-08-09), p. 7319-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2021-08-09), p. 7319-
    Abstract: This paper elaborates the cone–hemispherical gypsum particle breakages under normal contact with different particle shape parameters (contact diameter d, cone angle θ and sphere diameter D) and proposes a simple quantitative approach to discriminate breakage modes. The effects of the particle shape parameters on particle breakage are investigated through analyzing breakage processes, breakage modes and force–displacement curves. Three breakage modes are formed during the breakage experiments: peeling, peeling–splitting and splitting, corresponding to three different normal force–displacement curves. The formation of a conical core is deemed as the precondition for particle splitting. The particle breakage mode transfers from peeling to splitting with the increase in contact diameter d and cone angle θ, but a decrease in sphere diameter D. The critical normal force Fcr is positively linearly related to contact diameter d and cone angle θ, but the relationship between Fcr and sphere diameter D heavily depends on the breakage mode. Furthermore, the critical contact diameter dcr described by cone angle θ and sphere diameter D is proposed to discriminate breakage modes of the cone–hemispherical gypsum particles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11167319
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Daily Reservoir Runoff Forecasting Method Using Artificial Neural Network Based on Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Water Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2015-07-31), p. 4232-4246
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2015-07-31), p. 4232-4246
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w7084232
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Late Cambrian Continental Convergent Margin in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, Northwestern China: Geochemical and Geochronological Evidence from Hongtugou Mafic Rocks
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 1105-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 1105-
    Abstract: The tectonic setting and subduction polarity of the early Paleozoic North Qilian Orogenic Belt (NQOB) in northwestern China is poorly constrained due to complex tectonic deformation. Mafic and ultramafic rocks in the South Ophiolite Belt of the NQOB are interpreted to be middle ocean ridge ophiolite or suprasubdcution zone ophiolite. To address this, we have conducted geochemical and geochronological investigations of the mafic rock sequence (cumulate gabbros, diabases, isotropic gabbros, and basalts) in Hongtugou in the South Ophiolite Belt. Trace element characteristics of the pillow basalts and the isotropic gabbros with enrichment of Th and La relative to Nb on the N-MORB normalized multi-element diagram are consistent with a suprasubduction setting, where similarities with the Panamanian proto-arc rocks suggest they formed shortly after subduction initiation. Major element modelling for cumulate gabbros and basalts indicates the hydrous condition of crystallization which further supports a suprasubduction setting. The Proterozoic zircon crystals captured in a cumulate gabbro and a diabase suggest this suprasubduction zone is a continental convergent margin. A weighted mean zircon SHRIMP age of 507 ± 6 Ma from an isotropic gabbro is consistent with crystallization ages of other mafic rocks in this belt. This suggests the North Qilian oceanic lithosphere subducted beneath the continent in the late Cambrian. Mafic rocks in this study along with the serpentinized peridotite do not fall into the category of ophiolite, despite displaying an ophiolite sequence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12091105
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proteomic Investigation of S-Nitrosylated Proteins During NO-Induced Adventitious Rooting of Cucumber
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2019-10-28), p. 5363-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2019-10-28), p. 5363-
    Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) acts an essential signaling molecule that is involved in regulating various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, whether S-nitrosylation is a crucial molecular mechanism of NO is still largely unknown. In this study, 50 μM S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) treatment was found to have a maximum biological effect on promoting adventitious rooting in cucumber. Meanwhile, removal of endogenous NO significantly inhibited the development of adventitious roots implying that NO is responsible for promoting the process of adventitious rooting. Moreover, application of GSNO resulted in an increase of intracellular S-nitrosothiol (SNO) levels and endogenous NO production, while decreasing the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity during adventitious rooting, implicating that S-nitrosylation might be involved in NO-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber. Furthermore, the identification of S-nitrosylated proteins was performed utilizing the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and biotin-switch technique during the development of adventitious rooting. Among these proteins, the activities and S-nitrosylated level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), tubulin alpha chain (TUA), and glutathione reductase (GR) were further analyzed as NO direct targets. Our results indicated that NO might enhance the S-nitrosylation level of GAPDH and GR, and was found to subsequently reduce these activities and transcriptional levels. Conversely, S-nitrosylation of TUA increased the expression level of TUA. The results implied that S-nitrosylation of key proteins seems to regulate various pathways through differential S-nitrosylation during adventitious rooting. Collectively, these results suggest that S-nitrosylation could be involved in NO-induced adventitious rooting, and they also provide fundamental evidence for the molecular mechanism of NO signaling during adventitious rooting in cucumber explants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215363
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chamomile: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities and Quality Control Studies
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2022-12-23), p. 133-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2022-12-23), p. 133-
    Abstract: Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. (CN) are two varieties of Chamomile. These herbs have been used for thousands of years in Greece, Rome and ancient Egypt. Chamomile has been used for the treatment of stomach problems, cramps, dermatitis, and minor infections. The purpose of this study was to introduce the botanical characteristics and geographical distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, toxicity studies and quality control studies, and lay a theoretical foundation for the rational development and utilization of chamomile. This review powered that chemical constituents include flavonoids, coumarins, volatile oils, terpenes, organic acids, polysaccharides, and others. These compounds possess anticancer, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic, antihypertensive, antidepressant, neuroprotective activities, among others. Chamomile is a widely used herb in traditional medicine. It brings great economic value due to its numerous pharmacological effects and traditional uses. However, more toxicity tests should be carried out to confirm its safety. There is need for further research to provide concrete scientific evidence and validate its medicinal properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010133
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    M-Carboxylic Acid Induced Formation of New Coordination Polymers for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 7731-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 7731-
    Abstract: Four new 2–3D materials were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal methods, namely, {[(L1·Cu·2H2O) (4,4-bipy)0.5] (β-Mo8O26)0.5·H2O} (1), {[(L1·Cu)2·(4,4-bipy)] (Mo5O16)} (2), {Co(L1)2}n (3), and {[(L1)2][β-Mo8O26] 0.5·5H2O} (4). [L1=5-(4-aminopyridine) isophthalic acid]. The degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water by compounds 1–4 was studied under visible light. The experimental results show that compounds 1–4 have obvious photocatalytic degradation effect on CIP. In addition, for compound 1, the effects of temperature, pH, and adsorbent dosage on photocatalytic performance were also investigated. The stability of compound 1 was observed by a cycle experiment, indicating that there was no significant change after three cycles of CIP degradation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227731
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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