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  • MDPI AG  (166)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biological Characteristics of Verticillium dahliae MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 Strains
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2021-07-01), p. 7148-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2021-07-01), p. 7148-
    Abstract: Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus that causes Verticillium wilt on hundreds of dicotyledonous plant species. V. dahliae is considered an asexually (clonal) reproducing fungus, although both mating type idiomorphs (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) are present, and is heterothallic. Most of the available information on V. dahliae strains, including their biology, pathology, and genomics comes from studies on isolates with the MAT1-2 idiomorph, and thus little information is available on the MAT1-1 V. dahliae strains in the literature. We therefore evaluated the growth responses of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 V. dahliae strains to various stimuli. Growth rates and melanin production in response to increased temperature, alkaline pH, light, and H2O2 stress were higher in the MAT1-2 strains than in the MAT1-1 strains. In addition, the MAT1-2 strains showed an enhanced ability to degrade complex polysaccharides, especially starch, pectin, and cellulose. Furthermore, several MAT1-2 strains from both potato and sunflower showed increased virulence on their original hosts, relative to their MAT1-1 counterparts. Thus, compared to MAT1-1 strains, MAT1-2 strains derive their potentially greater fitness from an increased capacity to adapt to their environment and exhibit higher virulence. These competitive advantages might explain the current abundance of MAT1-2 strains relative to MAT1-1 strains in the agricultural and sylvicultural ecosystems, and this study provides the baseline information on the two mating idiomorphs to study sexual reproduction in V. dahliae under natural and laboratory conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137148
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    The Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on the Risks of Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes among Normal BMI Women with High Triglyceride Levels during Early Pregnancy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2021-09-29), p. 3454-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2021-09-29), p. 3454-
    Abstract: A high maternal triglyceride (mTG) level during early pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the use of specific interventions has been met with limited success. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on the relationship between high levels of mTG and adverse pregnancy outcomes in normal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) women. The patients included 39,665 women with normal BMI who had a singleton pregnancy and underwent serum lipids screening during early pregnancy. The main outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and large or small size for gestational age (LGA or SGA) at birth. As a result, the high mTG (≥2.05mM) group had increased risks for gestational hypertension ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.80; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.24)), preeclampsia (1.70; 1.38 to 2.11), gestational diabetes (2.50; 2.26 to 2.76), cesarean delivery (1.22; 1.13 to 1.32), preterm birth (1.42, 1.21 to 1.66), and LGA (1.49, 1.33 to 1.68) compared to the low mTG group, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Additionally, the risks of any adverse outcome were higher in each GWG subgroup among women with high mTG than those in the low mTG group. High mTG augmented risks of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and LGA among women with 50th or greater percentile of GWG. Interestingly, among women who gained less than the 50th percentile of GWG subgroups, there was no relationship between high mTG level and risks for those pregnancy outcomes when compared to low mTG women. Therefore, weight control and staying below 50th centile of the suggested GWG according to gestational age can diminish the increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by high mTG during early pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13103454
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
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    Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Potato Cultivated under Bacillus subtilis Treatment Influence the Quality of Potato Tubers
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-08), p. 12065-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-08), p. 12065-
    Abstract: Plants serve as a niche for the growth and proliferation of a diversity of microorganisms. Soil microorganisms, which closely interact with plants, are increasingly being recognized as factors important to plant health. In this study, we explored the use of high-throughput DNA sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S for characterization of the fungal and bacterial microbiomes following biocontrol treatment (DT) with Bacillus subtilis strain Bv17 relative to treatments without biocontrol (DC) during the potato growth cycle at three time points. A total of 5631 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from the 16S data, and 2236 OTUs were identified from the ITS data. The number of bacterial and fungal OTU in DT was higher than in DC and gradually increased during potato growth. In addition, indices such as Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson were higher in DT than in DC, indicating greater richness and community diversity in soil following the biocontrol treatment. Additionally, the potato tuber yields improved without a measurable change in the bacterial communities following the B. subtilis strain Bv17 treatment. These results suggest that soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere are differentially affected by the biocontrol treatment while improving potato yield, providing a strong basis for biocontrol utilization in crop production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112065
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Estrogen Abolishes the Repression Role of gga-miR-221-5p Targeting ELOVL6 and SQLE to Promote Lipid Synthesis in Chicken Liver
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2020-02-27), p. 1624-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2020-02-27), p. 1624-
    Abstract: Few studies have been conducted regarding the biological function and regulation role of gga-miR-221-5p in the liver. We compared the conservation of miR-221-5p among species and investigated the expression pattern of gga-miR-221-5p, validating the direct target genes of gga-miR-221-5p by dual luciferase reporter assay, the biological function of gga-miR-221-5p in the liver was studied by gga-miR-221-5p overexpression and inhibition. Furthermore, we explored the regulation of gga-miR-221-5p and its target genes by treatment with estrogen and estrogen antagonists in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that miR-221-5p was highly conserved among species, expressed in all tested tissues and significantly downregulated in peak-laying hen liver compared to pre-laying hen liver. Gga-miR-221-5p could directly target the expression of elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) and squalene epoxidase (SQLE) genes to affect triglyceride and total cholesterol content in the liver. 17β-estradiol could significantly inhibit the expression of gga-miR-221-5p but promote the expression of ELOVL6 and SQLE genes. In conclusion, the highly conservative gga-miR-221-5p could directly target ELOVL6 and SQLE mRNAs to affect the level of intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, 17β-estradiol could repress the expression of gga-miR-221-5p but increase the expression of ELOVL6 and SQLE, therefore promoting the synthesis of intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the liver of egg-laying chicken.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Effects and Mechanisms of Curcumin for the Prevention and Management of Cancers: An Updated Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-07-28), p. 1481-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-07-28), p. 1481-
    Abstract: Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Curcumin is the main ingredient in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and is widely used in the food industry. It shows anticancer properties on different types of cancers, and the underlying mechanisms of action include inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing invasion and migration, promoting cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, decreasing cancer stemness, increasing reactive oxygen species production, reducing inflammation, triggering ferroptosis, regulating gut microbiota, and adjuvant therapy. In addition, the anticancer action of curcumin is demonstrated in clinical trials. Moreover, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin can be improved by a variety of nanotechnologies, which will promote its clinical effects. Furthermore, although curcumin shows some adverse effects, such as diarrhea and nausea, it is generally safe and tolerable. This paper is an updated review of the prevention and management of cancers by curcumin with a special attention to its mechanisms of action.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081481
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of Berberine from Medicinal Herbs: An Update Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-15), p. 4523-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 14 ( 2022-07-15), p. 4523-
    Abstract: Cancer has been a serious public health problem. Berberine is a famous natural compound from medicinal herbs and shows many bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and antimicrobial activities. In addition, berberine shows anticancer effects on a variety of cancers, such as breast, lung, gastric, liver, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, and prostate cancers. The underlying mechanisms of action include inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, suppressing metastasis, inducing apoptosis, activating autophagy, regulating gut microbiota, and improving the effects of anticancer drugs. This paper summarizes effectiveness and mechanisms of berberine on different cancers and highlights the mechanisms of action. In addition, the nanotechnologies to improve bioavailability of berberine are included. Moreover, the side effects of berberine are also discussed. This paper is helpful for the prevention and treatment of cancers using berberine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144523
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Structurally Diverse Diterpenes from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2023-01-20), p. 69-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2023-01-20), p. 69-
    Abstract: The present investigation of the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum resulted in the discovery of six new polyoxygenated diterpenes, namely sartrocheliols A–E (1, 3, 5–8) along with four known ones, 2, 4, 9, and 10. Based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, sartrocheliol A (1) was identified as an uncommon capnosane diterpene, while sartrocheliols B–E (3, 5–8) were established as cembrane diterpenes. They displayed diverse structural features not only at the distinctly different carbon frameworks but also at the various types of heterocycles, including the epoxide, γ-lactone, furan, and pyran rings. Moreover, their absolute configurations were determined by a combination of quantum mechanical-nuclear magnetic resonance (QM-NMR) approach, modified Mosher’s method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. In the anti-tumor bioassay, compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against A549, H1975, MDA-MB-231, and H1299 cells with the IC50 values ranging from 26.3 to 47.9 μM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md21020069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    The Dysregulation of Eicosanoids and Bile Acids Correlates with Impaired Kidney Function and Renal Fibrosis in Chronic Renal Failure
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-23), p. 127-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-02-23), p. 127-
    Abstract: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an irreversible deterioration of the renal functions that characterized by fluid electrolyte unbalance and metabolic-endocrine dysfunctions. Increasing evidence demonstrated that metabolic disturbances, especially dyslipidemia and profound changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism were involved in CRF. Identification of lipids associated with impaired kidney functions may play important roles in the understanding of biochemical mechanism and CRF treatment. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-definition mass spectrometry-based lipidomics was performed to identify important differential lipids in adenine-induced CRF rats and investigate the undergoing anti-fibrotic mechanism of Polyporus umbellatus (PPU) and ergone (ERG). Linear correlation analysis was performed between lipid species intensities and creatinine levels in serum. Adenine-induced rats exhibited declining kidney function and renal fibrosis. Compared with control rats, a panel of lipid species was identified in the serum of CRF rats. Our further study demonstrated that eight lipids, including leukotrienes and bile acids, presented a strong linear correlation with serum creatinine levels. In addition, receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that eight lipids exhibited excellent area under the curve for differentiating CRF from control rats, with high sensitivity and specificity. The aberrant changes of clinical biochemistry data and dysregulation of eight lipids could be significantly improved by the administration of PPU and ergone. In conclusion, CRF might be associated with the disturbance of leukotriene metabolism, bile acid metabolism and lysophospholipid metabolism. The levels of eicosanoids and bile acids could be used for indicating kidney function impairment in CRF. PPU could improve renal functions and either fully or partially reversed the levels of eicosanoids and bile acids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020127
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 9
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    Three-Dimensional Electrodes for High-Performance Bioelectrochemical Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2017-01-04), p. 90-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2017-01-04), p. 90-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010090
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Measurement of Stress Optical Coefficient for Silicone Adhesive Based on Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Photonics Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 929-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 929-
    Abstract: The bonding structure is affected by environmental loads during use, causing internal stress in the adhesive layer, which leads to the debonding and expansion of the bonding layer. Therefore, it is important to accurately measure the stress distribution of the bonding layer to assess the life of the bonding structure. In this study, based on the transmission and reflection terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technique, the stress optical coefficients of a silicone adhesive were measured, and the calculation models of the transmission and reflection stress optical coefficients were derived. In the reflection calculation model, the caliper THz thickness measurement method was proposed to compensate for the thickness change of the silicone adhesive, under tensile stress. Under the transmission THz-TDS stress optical coefficient calculation model, the stress optical coefficient C of the silicone adhesive is 0.1142 ± 0.0057 MPa−1, and the stress optical coefficient C of the reflective system is 0.1135 ± 0.0051 MPa−1. The test results show that the reflective THz-TDS can also be used to measure the optical stress coefficient of the material, which compensates for the shortcomings of the traditional transmission measurement method, and lays a foundation for the characterization of the internal stress of the adhesive layer of the adhesive structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics9120929
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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