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  • MDPI AG  (126)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dietary Zinc Intake and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome Indicators among Chinese Adults: An Analysis of the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Survey 2015
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2018-05-07), p. 572-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2018-05-07), p. 572-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu10050572
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
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    Genome-Wide Bioinformatics Analysis of MAPK Gene Family in Kiwifruit (Actinidia Chinensis)
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2018-08-24), p. 2510-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 9 ( 2018-08-24), p. 2510-
    Abstract: Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules that play crucial roles in various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division, and developmental processes in plants. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK), being a part of this cascade, performs an important function for further appropriate cellular responses. Although MAPKs have been investigated in several model plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). In the present study, we identified 18 putative MAPKs in the kiwifruit genome. This gene family was analyzed bioinformatically in terms of their chromosome locations, sequence alignment, gene structures, and phylogenetic and conserved motifs. All members possess fully canonical motif structures of MAPK. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AcMAPKs could be classified into five subfamilies, and these gene motifs in the same group showed high similarity. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that the number of exons in AcMAPK genes ranged from 2 to 29, suggesting large variation among kiwifruit MAPK genes. The expression profiles of these AcMAPK genes were further investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which demonstrated that AcMAPKs were induced or repressed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, suggesting their potential roles in the biotic and abiotic stress response and various hormone signal transduction pathways in kiwifruit. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the putative physiological and biochemical functions of MAPK genes in kiwifruit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092510
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Association between METS-IR and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Elderly Subjects in China: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2023-01-06), p. 1053-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2023-01-06), p. 1053-
    Abstract: The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) was recently proposed as a non-insulin-based, novel index for assessing insulin resistance (IR) in the Western population. However, evidence for the link between METS-IR and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the elderly Chinese population was still limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between METS-IR and prediabetes or T2DM based on large-scale, cross-sectional, routine physical examination data. In a total of 18,112 primary care service users, an increased METS-IR was independently associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.457, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.343 to 1.581, p 〈 0.001) and T2DM (aOR = 1.804, 95%CI: 1.720 to 1.891, p 〈 0.001), respectively. The aOR for prediabetes in subjects with the highest quartile of METS-IR was 3.060-fold higher than that in those with the lowest quartile of METS-IR. The aOR for T2DM in subjects with the highest quartile of METS-IR was 6.226-fold higher than that in those with the lowest quartile of METS-IR. Consistent results were obtained in subgroup analyses. Our results suggested that METS-IR was significantly associated with both prediabetes and T2DM. The monitoring of METS-IR may add value to early identification of individuals at risk for glucose metabolism disorders in primary care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Module-Based Product Configuration Decisions Considering Both Economical and Carbon Emission-Related Environmental Factors
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-05), p. 1145-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-02-05), p. 1145-
    Abstract: With an increasing demand for green and environmentally friendly products, configuring a customized product from modular product design to satisfy both individualized customer requirements and environment restrictions has become a vital task for mass customization. In this paper, we addressed a module-based product configuration problem under carbon emission regulation, i.e., carbon cap-and-trade schema. The configuration problem under carbon cap-and-trade schema was formulated as a mixed-integer programming problem. Due to the NP-hard characteristics of the model, a genetic algorithm was employed to solve the configuration problems under carbon cap-and-trade. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effects of carbon emissions on product configuration decisions and carbon purchasing decisions. As a result, the range for carbon emission cap is suggested for both manufacturers and government agency, which provides the decision supporting for both customized and low-carbon production and green manufacturing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12031145
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
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    Feasibility of Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Combined with Atrioventricular Node Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Heart Failure
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2022-10-05), p. 338-
    Details
    In: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2022-10-05), p. 338-
    Abstract: Background: Pacemaker implantation combined with atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) could be a practical choice for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure (HF). Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) has been widely reported. Objectives: To explore the safety and efficacy of LBBaP combined with AVNA in AF patients with HF. Methods and results: Fifty-six AF patients with HF attempted LBBaP and AVNA from January 2019 to December 2020. Standard LBBaP was achieved in forty-six patients, and another ten received left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP). The cardiac function indexes and pacemaker parameters were evaluated at baseline, and we conducted a 1-month and 1-year follow-up. Result: At the time of implantation and 1-month and 1-year follow-up, QRS duration of LVSP group was longer than that of LBBaP group. The pacemaker parameters remained stable in both the LBBaP and LVSP groups. At 1-month and 1-year follow-up after LBBaP and AVNA, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, and NYHA classification continued to improve. Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and QRS duration change at implantation can predict the magnitude of improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction at 1-year after LBBaP. Baseline right atrial left-right diameter, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, and interventricular septum thickness may be the factors affecting the success of LBBaP. Conclusion: LBBaP combined with AVNA is safe and effective for patients with AF and HF. Baseline right atrial left-right diameter, the degree of tricuspid regurgitation, and interventricular septum thickness may be the factors affecting the success of LBBaP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2308-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100338
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2777082-5
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  • 6
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    Multi-Source Hydrological Data Products to Monitor High Asian River Basins and Regional Water Security
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2021-12-16), p. 5122-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2021-12-16), p. 5122-
    Abstract: This project explored the integrated use of satellite, ground observations and hydrological distributed models to support water resources assessment and monitoring in High Mountain Asia (HMA). Hydrological data products were generated taking advantage of the synergies of European and Chinese data assets and space-borne observation systems. Energy-budget-based glacier mass balance and hydrological models driven by satellite observations were developed. These models can be applied to describe glacier-melt contribution to river flow. Satellite hydrological data products were used for forcing, calibration, validation and data assimilation in distributed river basin models. A pilot study was carried out on the Red River basin. Multiple hydrological data products were generated using the data collected by Chinese satellites. A new Evapo-Transpiration (ET) dataset from 2000 to 2018 was generated, including plant transpiration, soil evaporation, rainfall interception loss, snow/ice sublimation and open water evaporation. Higher resolution data were used to characterize glaciers and their response to environmental forcing. These studies focused on the Parlung Zangbo Basin, where glacier facies were mapped with GaoFeng (GF), Sentinal-2/Multi-Spectral Imager (S2/MSI) and Landsat8/Operational Land Imager (L8/OLI) data. The geodetic mass balance was estimated between 2000 and 2017 with Zi-Yuan (ZY)-3 Stereo Images and the SRTM DEM. Surface velocity was studied with Landsat5/Thematic Mapper (L5/TM), L8/OLI and S2/MSI data over the period 2013–2019. An updated method was developed to improve the retrieval of glacier albedo by correcting glacier reflectance for anisotropy, and a new dataset on glacier albedo was generated for the period 2001–2020. A detailed glacier energy and mass balance model was developed with the support of field experiments at the Parlung No. 4 Glacier and the 24 K Glacier, both in the Tibetan Plateau. Besides meteorological measurements, the field experiments included glaciological and hydrological measurements. The energy balance model was formulated in terms of enthalpy for easier treatment of water phase transitions. The model was applied to assess the spatial variability in glacier melt. In the Parlung No. 4 Glacier, the accumulated glacier melt was between 1.5 and 2.5 m w.e. in the accumulation zone and between 4.5 and 6.0 m w.e. in the ablation zone, reaching 6.5 m w.e. at the terminus. The seasonality in the glacier mass balance was observed by combining intensive field campaigns with continuous automatic observations. The linkage of the glacier and snowpack mass balance with water resources in a river basin was analyzed in the Chiese (Italy) and Heihe (China) basins by developing and applying integrated hydrological models using satellite retrievals in multiple ways. The model FEST-WEB was calibrated using retrievals of Land Surface Temperature (LST) to map soil hydrological properties. A watershed model was developed by coupling ecohydrological and socioeconomic systems. Integrated modeling is supported by an updated and parallelized data assimilation system. The latter exploits retrievals of brightness temperature (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer, AMSR), LST (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS), precipitation (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and FengYun (FY)-2D) and in-situ measurements. In the case study on the Red River Basin, a new algorithm has been applied to disaggregate the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) soil moisture retrievals by making use of the correlation between evaporative fraction and soil moisture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13245122
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 7
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    Genomic and Pathologic Characterization of the First FAdV-C Serotype 4 Isolate from Black-Necked Crane
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Viruses Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-07-29), p. 1653-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-07-29), p. 1653-
    Abstract: Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are distributed worldwide in poultry and incriminated as the etiological agents for several health problems in fowls, and are capable of crossing species barriers between domestic and wild fowls. An FAdV strain was, for the first time, isolated from black-necked crane in this study, and was designated as serotype 4 Fowl aviadenovirus C (abbreviated as BNC2021) according to the phylogenetic analysis of its DNA polymerase and hexon gene. The viral genomic sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate possessed the ORF deletions that are present in FAdV4 strains circulating in poultry fowls in China and the amino acid mutations associated with viral pathogenicity in the hexon and fiber 2 proteins. A viral challenge experiment with mallard ducks demonstrated systemic viral infection and horizontal transmission. BNC2021 induced the typical clinical signs of hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with swelling and inflammation in multiple organs and showed significant viral replication in all eight organs tested in the virus-inoculated ducks and their contactees at 6 dpi. The findings highlight the importance of surveillance of FAdVs in wild birds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v15081653
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 8
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    A Working Fluid Assessment for a Biomass Organic Rankine Cycle under Different Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 7076-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 7076-
    Abstract: Many thermal resources are not reasonably used in the chemical industry’s production process. To recover the waste heat from organic waste residue-calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is added to inhibit hydrogen production, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is applied in this research. An ORC system can reuse the low-temperature waste heat that is not fully utilized. In this study, the mathematical model of the biomass ORC power generation system is constructed. Five organic working fluids, R11, R113, R123, R141b, and R245fa, were selected from the physical characteristics and safety of working fluids. The system application case is the low-temperature heat absorption in a chemical industry’s production process. The system is simulated by Aspen Plus V11 software, so as to study and analyze the influence of different working fluids and working conditions on the system performance and to obtain the preferred working fluids under different working conditions. At the same time, the economic evaluation and entropy method of the system are evaluated by using the investment profit rate PRI from different angles. It can be found that R11 and R141b have advantages, but R11 does not have advantages in environmental aspects. Through research, it is found that it is difficult to have a working fluid that can adapt to the biomass ORC power generation system under any working conditions. This paper can provide a basis for the subsequent research and selection of working fluids in the biomass ORC system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15197076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
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    Intermolecular Vibration Energy Transfer Process in Two CL-20-Based Cocrystals Theoretically Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2022-03-26), p. 2153-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2022-03-26), p. 2153-
    Abstract: Inspired by the recent cocrystallization and theory of energetic materials, we theoretically investigated the intermolecular vibrational energy transfer process and the non-covalent intermolecular interactions between explosive compounds. The intermolecular interactions between 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and between 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) and CL-20 were studied using calculated two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra and the independent gradient model based on the Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) method, respectively. Based on the comparison of the theoretical infrared spectra and optimized geometries with experimental results, the theoretical models can effectively reproduce the experimental geometries. By analyzing cross-peaks in the 2D IR spectra of TNT/CL-20, the intermolecular vibrational energy transfer process between TNT and CL-20 was calculated, and the conclusion was made that the vibrational energy transfer process between CL-20 and TNTII (TNTIII) is relatively slower than between CL-20 and TNTI. As the vibration energy transfer is the bridge of the intermolecular interactions, the weak intermolecular interactions were visualized using the IGMH method, and the results demonstrate that the intermolecular non-covalent interactions of TNT/CL-20 include van der Waals (vdW) interactions and hydrogen bonds, while the intermolecular non-covalent interactions of HMX/CL-20 are mainly comprised of vdW interactions. Further, we determined that the intermolecular interaction can stabilize the trigger bond in TNT/CL-20 and HMX/CL-20 based on Mayer bond order density, and stronger intermolecular interactions generally indicate lower impact sensitivity of energetic materials. We believe that the results obtained in this work are important for a better understanding of the cocrystal mechanism and its application in the field of energetic materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072153
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
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    Theoretically Revealing the Response of Intermolecular Vibration Energy Transfer and Decomposition Process of the DNTF System to Electric Fields Using Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-02-22), p. 4352-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2023-02-22), p. 4352-
    Abstract: The external electric field (E-field), which is an important stimulus, can change the decomposition mechanism and sensitivity of energetic materials. As a result, understanding the response of energetic materials to external E-fields is critical for their safe use. Motivated by recent experiments and theories, the two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra of 3,4-bis (3-nitrofurazan-4-yl) furoxan (DNTF), which has a high energy, a low melting point, and comprehensive properties, were theoretically investigated. Cross-peaks were observed in 2D IR spectra under different E-fields, which demonstrated an intermolecular vibration energy transfer; the furazan ring vibration was found to play an important role in the analysis of vibration energy distribution and was extended over several DNTF molecules. Measurements of the non-covalent interactions, with the support of the 2D IR spectra, indicated that there were obvious non-covalent interactions among different DNTF molecules, which resulted from the conjugation of the furoxan ring and the furazan ring; the direction of the E-field also had a significant influence on the strength of the weak interactions. Furthermore, the calculation of the Laplacian bond order, which characterized the C-NO2 bonds as trigger bonds, predicted that the E-fields could change the thermal decomposition process of DNTF while the positive E-field facilitates the breakdown of the C-NO2 in DNTFⅣ molecules. Our work provides new insights into the relationship between the E-field and the intermolecular vibration energy transfer and decomposition mechanism of the DNTF system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054352
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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