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  • MDPI AG  (14)
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  • MDPI AG  (14)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Real-Time Circuit Phase Delay Correction System for MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2021-04-30), p. 506-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2021-04-30), p. 506-
    Kurzfassung: With the development of the designing and manufacturing level for micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes, the control circuit system has become a key point to determine their internal performance. Nevertheless, the phase delay of electronic components may result in some serious hazards. This study described a real-time circuit phase delay correction system for MEMS vibratory gyroscopes. A detailed theoretical analysis was provided to clarify the influence of circuit phase delay on the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) coupling characteristics and the zero-rate output (ZRO) utilizing a force-to-rebalance (FTR) closed-loop detection and quadrature correction system. By deducing the relationship between the amplitude-frequency, the phase-frequency of the MEMS gyroscope, and the phase relationship of the whole control loop, a real-time correction system was proposed to automatically adjust the phase reference value of the phase-locked loop (PLL) and thus compensate for the real-time circuit phase delay. The experimental results showed that the correction system can accurately measure and compensate the circuit phase delay in real time. Furthermore, the unwanted IQ coupling can be eliminated and the ZRO was decreased by 755% to 0.095°/s. This correction system realized a small angle random walk of 0.978°/√h and a low bias instability of 9.458°/h together with a scale factor nonlinearity of 255 ppm at room temperature. The thermal drift of the ZRO was reduced to 0.0034°/s/°C at a temperature range from −20 to 70 °C.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12050506
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2620864-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    YdfD, a Lysis Protein of the Qin Prophage, Is a Specific Inhibitor of the IspG-Catalyzed Step in the MEP Pathway of Escherichia coli
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-29), p. 1560-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-29), p. 1560-
    Kurzfassung: Bacterial cryptic prophage (defective prophage) genes are known to drastically influence host physiology, such as causing cell growth arrest or lysis, upon expression. Many phages encode lytic proteins to destroy the cell envelope. As natural antibiotics, only a few lysis target proteins were identified. ydfD is a lytic gene from the Qin cryptic prophage that encodes a 63-amino-acid protein, the ectopic expression of which in Escherichia coli can cause nearly complete cell lysis rapidly. The bacterial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for synthesizing the isoprenoids uniquely required for sustaining bacterial growth. In this study, we provide evidence that YdfD can interact with IspG, a key enzyme involved in the MEP pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. We show that intact YdfD is required for the interaction with IspG to perform its lysis function and that the mRNA levels of ydfD increase significantly under certain stress conditions. Crucially, the cell lysis induced by YdfD can be abolished by the overexpression of ispG or the complementation of the IspG enzyme catalysis product methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. We propose that YdfD from the Qin cryptic prophage inhibits IspG to block the MEP pathway, leading to a compromised cell membrane and cell wall biosynthesis and eventual cell lysis.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031560
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    First Record of Corallivorous Nudibranch Pinufius (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the South China Sea: A Suspected New Species of Pinufius
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diversity Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-04), p. 226-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-04), p. 226-
    Kurzfassung: A corallivorous nudibranch from the South China Sea reproduced explosively and caused extensive damage to Porites in our aquarium. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses of the nudibranch were conducted and described. Morphologically, this nudibranch was nearly consistent with Pinufius rebus in its characteristics intermediate between arminids and aeolids. The only detected difference was that the hook-like denticles on the masticatory border of P. rebus were absent in this nudibranch. In a molecular analysis, phylogenetic results based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit-I, 16S rRNA, and histone H3 gene sequences showed that this nudibranch and P. rebus form a well-supported sister clade under the superfamily Fionoidea, with significant interspecific divergence (0.18). Thus, we presumed that this nudibranch is a new species of Pinufius. Our results extend the distribution of Pinufius to the South China Sea, support the current taxonomic status of Pinufius under the superfamily Fionoidea, and imply that the species composition of Pinufius is more complex than previous records. Moreover, as a corallivorous nudibranch, the potential threat of Pinufius to coral health cannot be neglected.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d15020226
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2518137-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    CoO–Co Heterojunction Covered with Carbon Enables Highly Efficient Integration of Hydrogen Evolution and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 2023-03-29), p. 3040-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 7 ( 2023-03-29), p. 3040-
    Kurzfassung: The renewable-energy-driven integration of hydrogen production and biomass conversion into value-added products is desirable for the current global energy transition, but still a challenge. Herein, carbon-coated CoO–Co heterojunction arrays were built on copper foam (CoO–Co@C/CF) by the carbothermal reduction to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) coupled with a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation reaction (HMFEOR). The electronic modulation induced by the CoO–Co heterojunction endows CoO–Co@C/CF with a powerful catalytic ability. CoO–Co@C/CF is energetic for HER, yielding an overpotential of 69 mV at 10 mA·cm−1 and Tafel slope of 58 mV·dec−1. Meanwhile, CoO–Co@C/CF delivers an excellent electrochemical activity for the selective conversion from HMF into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), achieving a conversion of 100%, FDCA yield of 99.4% and faradaic efficiency of 99.4% at the lower oxidation potential, along with an excellent cycling stability. The integrated CoO–Co@C/CF||CoO–Co@C/CF configuration actualizes the H2O–HMF-coupled electrolysis at a satisfactory cell voltage of 1.448 V at 10 mA·cm−2. This work highlights the feasibility of engineering double active sites for the coupled electrolytic system.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073040
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Whole Genome Sequencing in the Evaluation of Fetal Structural Anomalies: A Parallel Test with Chromosomal Microarray Plus Whole Exome Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2021-03-06), p. 376-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2021-03-06), p. 376-
    Kurzfassung: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool for postnatal genetic diagnosis, but relevant clinical studies in the field of prenatal diagnosis are limited. The present study aimed to prospectively evaluate the utility of WGS compared with chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies. We performed trio WGS (≈40-fold) in parallel with CMA in 111 fetuses with structural or growth anomalies, and sequentially performed WES when CMA was negative (CMA plus WES). In comparison, WGS not only detected all pathogenic genetic variants in 22 diagnosed cases identified by CMA plus WES, yielding a diagnostic rate of 19.8% (22/110), but also provided additional and clinically significant information, including a case of balanced translocations and a case of intrauterine infection, which might not be detectable by CMA or WES. WGS also required less DNA (100 ng) as input and could provide a rapid turnaround time (TAT, 18 ± 6 days) compared with that (31 ± 8 days) of the CMA plus WES. Our results showed that WGS provided more comprehensive and precise genetic information with a rapid TAT and less DNA required than CMA plus WES, which enables it as an alternative prenatal diagnosis test for fetal structural anomalies.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12030376
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2527218-4
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation before Catheter Ablation and Cardioversion: Risk Factors beyond the CHA2DS2-VASc Score
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-01-30), p. 46-
    Details
    In: Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-01-30), p. 46-
    Kurzfassung: Left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) is a surrogate of thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). We aimed to investigate the risk factors for LAAT formation before catheter ablation and cardioversion beside the CHA2DS2-VASc score. In this case-control study, patients with NVAF who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were included. Demographic data, laboratory results, and echocardiographic measurements were retrospectively collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors predicting LAAT. Of the 543 included patients, LAAT was identified in 50 patients (9.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis for the entire cohort showed that NT-proBNP (per 500 ng/L increase, OR (95% CI): 1.09 (1.00–1.19), p = 0.038) and LDL-C (per 1 mmol/L increase, OR (95% CI): 1.70 (1.05–2.77), p = 0.032) were independently correlated with the presence of LAAT after the adjustment for CHA2DS2-VASc score and anticoagulant therapy. The subgroup analysis of patients without anticoagulant therapy also yielded similar results. Regarding patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≤ 1, a higher level of LDL-C (per 1 mmol/L increase, OR (95% CI): 6.31 (2.38–16.74), p 〈 0.001) independently correlated with the presence of LAAT. The present study suggests that beyond CHA2DS2-VASc score, raised NT-proBNP and LDL-C are additional predictors for LAAT in NVAF patients.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2308-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020046
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2777082-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Transcriptomic Profiling of Circular RNA in Different Brain Regions of Parkinson’s Disease in a Mouse Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 8 ( 2020-04-24), p. 3006-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 8 ( 2020-04-24), p. 3006-
    Kurzfassung: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and although many studies have been done on this disease, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood and further studies are warranted. Therefore, this study identified circRNA expression profiles in the cerebral cortex (CC), hippocampus (HP), striatum (ST), and cerebellum (CB) regions of the 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and differentially expressed circRNA were validated using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses were also performed to explore the potential function of circRNAs. The results show that, compared with the control group, 24, 66, 71, and 121 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were found in the CC, HP, ST, and CB, respectively. PDST vs. PDCB, PDST vs. PDHP, and PDCB vs. PDHP groups have 578, 110, and 749 DE-circRNAs, respectively. Then, seven DE-cirRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR verification, where the expressions were consistent with the sequencing analysis. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these DE-circRNAs participate in several biological functions and signaling pathways, including glutamic synapse, neuron to neuron synapse, cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation, Parkinson’s disease, axon guidance, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the KEGG analysis of the target genes predicted by DE-circRNAs indicated that the target genes predicted by mmu_circRNA_0003292, mmu_circRNA_0001320, mmu_circRNA_0005976, and mmu_circRNA_0005388 were involved in the PD-related pathway. Overall, this is the first study on the expression profile of circRNAs in the different brain regions of PD mouse model. These results might facilitate our understanding of the potential roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of PD. Moreover, the results also indicate that the mmu_circRNA_0003292-miRNA-132-Nr4a2 pathway might be involved in the regulation of the molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083006
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hardware-Assisted Security Monitoring Unit for Real-Time Ensuring Secure Instruction Execution and Data Processing in Embedded Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-11-26), p. 1450-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-11-26), p. 1450-
    Kurzfassung: The hardware security of embedded systems is raising more and more concerns in numerous safety-critical applications, such as in the automotive, aerospace, avionic, and railway systems. Embedded systems are gaining popularity in these safety-sensitive sectors with high performance, low power, and great reliability, which are ideal control platforms for executing instruction operation and data processing. However, modern embedded systems are still exposing many potential hardware vulnerabilities to malicious attacks, including software-level and hardware-level attacks; these can cause program execution failure and confidential data leakage. For this reason, this paper presents a novel embedded system by integrating a hardware-assisted security monitoring unit (SMU), for achieving a reinforced system-on-chip (SoC) on ensuring program execution and data processing security. This architecture design was implemented and evaluated on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA development board. Based on the evaluation of the SMU hardware implementation in terms of performance overhead, security capability, and resource consumption, the experimental results indicate that the SMU does not lead to a significant speed degradation to processor while executing different benchmarks, and its average performance overhead reduces to 2.18% on typical 8-KB I/D-Caches. Security capability evaluation confirms the monitoring effectiveness of SMU against both instruction and data tampering attacks. Meanwhile, the SoC satisfies a good balance between high-security and resource overhead.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12121450
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2620864-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Production of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid by Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817 by Coupling Fermentation with Self-Buffered Whole-Cell Catalysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-09), p. 321-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-09), p. 321-
    Kurzfassung: There is a recent trend of using lactic acid bacteria for the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This study described a method that combines fermentation and self-buffered whole-cell catalysis for the efficient production of GABA using Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. Upon the completion of GABA fermentation, cells were recovered to conduct whole-cell catalysis by which the substrate L-glutamic acid was catalytically decarboxylated to GABA. L-glutamic acid itself maintained the acidity essential for decarboxylation. To maximize the whole-cell catalysis ability, the effects of the cell culture method, catalysis temperature, catalysis time, cell concentration, and L-glutamic acid dosage were investigated. The results illustrate that the cells that were cultivated for 16 h in a fermentation medium supplemented with 20.0 g/L of glucose were the most suitable for the whole-cell catalytic production of GABA. At 16 h, the fermentative GABA content reached 204.2 g/L. Under optimized whole-cell catalytic conditions (temperature 45.0 °C, time 12.0 h, wet cells 25.0 g/L, and L-glutamic acid 120.0 g/L), 85.1 g/L of GABA was obtained, with 3.7 ± 0.9 g/L of substrate residue. GABA was recovered from the system by sequentially performing rotary vacuum evaporation, precipitation with ethanol, filtration with filter paper, and drying. The purity of the GABA product reached 97.1%, with a recovery rate of 87.0%. These data suggest that the proposed method has potential applications in the production of GABA.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070321
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2813985-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of La-Doped ZnIn2S4 Microspheres with Improved Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-14), p. 2026-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-14), p. 2026-
    Kurzfassung: Impurity element doping is extensively taken as one of the most efficient strategies to regulate the electronic structure as well as the rate of photogenerated charge separation of photocatalysts. Herein, a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis process was exploited to obtain La-doped ZnIn2S4 microspheres, aiming at gaining insight into the role that doping ions played in the improvement of pollutant photodegradation. Systematical characterization means, comprising of X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflection spectroscopy and Raman spectra, combination with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), were employed to in depth reveal the concomitancy of La ions and ZnIn2S4 crystal lattice. The results showed that the La-doped ZnIn2S4 samples exhibited a slightly wider and stronger spectral absorption than pristine ZnIn2S4; and the specific surface area of doped ZnIn2S4 samples was a bit larger. The La-doped ZnIn2S4 electrodes showed improved photocurrent response, and the photocurrent density reached a maximum value at La content of 1.5 wt%. As expected, La-doped ZnIn2S4 samples exhibited a remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic behaviour toward the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and methyl orange (MO). The prominently enhanced photoactivity of doped ZnIn2S4 samples was due to the synergistic effect of the elevated visible-light absorption ability and effective photogenerated charge carriers’ separation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10102026
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2662255-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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