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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Walnut Prevents Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the Synaptic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via JNK Signaling and Apoptosis Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2022-08-20), p. 5316-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2022-08-20), p. 5316-
    Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Juglans regia (walnut, Gimcheon 1ho cultivar, GC) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. The main physiological compounds of GC were identified as pedunculagin/casuariin isomer, strictinin, tellimagrandin I, ellagic acid-O-pentoside, and ellagic acid were identified using UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis. To evaluate the neuro-protective effect of GC, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis were conducted in H2O2 and high glucose-induced neuronal PC12 cells and hippocampal HT22 cells. GC presented significant cell viability and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. GC ameliorated behavioral and memory dysfunction through Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. In addition, GC reduced white adipose tissue (WAT), liver fat mass, and serum dyslipidemia. To assess the inhibitory effect of antioxidant system deficit, lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were conducted. Administration of GC protected the antioxidant damage against HFD-induced diabetic oxidative stress. To estimate the ameliorating effect of GC, acetylcholine (ACh) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expression of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were conducted, and the supplements of GC suppressed the cholinergic system impairment. Furthermore, GC restored mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels in cerebral tissues. Finally, GC ameliorated cerebral damage by synergically regulating the protein expression of the JNK signaling and apoptosis pathway. These findings suggest that GC could provide a potential functional food source to improve diabetic cognitive deficits and neuronal impairments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165316
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of a Preceptor Reflective Practice Program: A Mixed-Method Research
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-10-22), p. 13755-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-10-22), p. 13755-
    Abstract: Studies on methods to share nursing and learning experiences with preceptors are lacking. This study was conducted to determine the preliminary effects of developing and applying a reflective practice program for preceptor nurses who experience stressful situations to convert negative emotions into positive ones. This study was conducted over 12 weeks from March to May 2022 on 47 participant nurses in South Korea. Preceptor Reflective Practice Program (PRPP) was conducted in parallel with writing a reflective journal and a reflective practice workshop. Data collection was integrated through quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires on stress coping, the burden of preceptors, social support, and emotional intelligence, and analyzed by SPSS WIN 26.0 program. The questionnaire data were analyzed after the preceptor nurses had written a reflective journal. Stress coping, social support, and emotional intelligence significantly increased in preceptor nurses after participating in the PRPP. This study found that the PRPP helped nurses improve their emotional intelligence through reflective practice and convert stress into a more positive direction. Therefore, at the organizational and national levels, a reasonable compensation system to provide support workforce and to the work of preceptor nurses should be established.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113755
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Statin Use and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Hospital-Based Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2021-10-25), p. 1076-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2021-10-25), p. 1076-
    Abstract: Statins have emerged as protective agents against sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with dyslipidemia, but the effects of statins on SNHL are not consistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between statin use and the risk of SNHL using a hospital cohort. This nested case-control study included type 2 diabetic patients over the age of 18 years without a history of hearing loss. Of these, 1379 patients newly diagnosed with SNHL or tinnitus were classified as cases, and 5512 patients matched to the cases based on age, sex, and index year were classified as controls. Chi-squared tests were used to compare categorical variables between the two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated from univariate and multivariable unconditional logistic regression analyses, respectively. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of statin use between the cases and controls (53.7% vs. 61.2%, respectively; p 〈 0.001). The use of statins in type 2 diabetic patients significantly reduced the risk of SNHL or tinnitus by 24.8% (95% CI 14.2–34.1%, p 〈 0.001) after controlling for confounders. Similar results were found for the association between statin use and SNHL (AOR = 0.706; 95% CI 0.616–0.811, p 〈 0.001). The protective effects of statins against SNHL were consistent regardless of age and sex. The use of statins for type 2 diabetic patients was significantly associated with a reduced risk of SNHL, regardless of age and sex. Further studies are needed, especially large cohort studies, to evaluate the long-term protective effects of statins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph14111076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Obesity Effect of Hot Water Extract of Barley Sprout through the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-08), p. 610-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-08), p. 610-
    Abstract: Barley sprouts are known to have several effective physiological activities. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of a barley sprout hot water extract (BSE) was confirmed. Saponarin was quantitatively analyzed in BSE using HPLC, and the inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation into adipocytes was confirmed by Oil Red O staining, TG assay, and Western blotting. In addition, the inhibitory effect of BSE on adipocyte growth was confirmed through glucose uptake and lipolysis of adipocytes. C57/BL/6N mice were induced to obesity with a high-fat diet, and BSE was administered to confirm the effect on an animal model. Weight gain, morphological changes in adipose tissue, changes in the food efficiency ratio, and blood biochemical changes were observed, and an improvement effect on fatty liver was confirmed. As a result, the anti-obesity effect of BSE was confirmed in vitro, and it was confirmed that this effect was also effective in vivo and that it could be helpful in the treatment of obesity-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090610
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preoperative versus Postoperative Rectus Sheath Block for Acute Postoperative Pain Relief after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2019-07-11), p. 1018-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2019-07-11), p. 1018-
    Abstract: Background: Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is multifactorial and usually not effectively treated. Rectus sheath block (RSB) has been proven to reduce the pain from midline abdominal incision and laparoscopic surgery. We investigated the preemptive analgesic effect of RSB after LC. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, single-center trial, 200 patients undergoing LC were randomized into preoperative RSB (pre-RSB) or postoperative RSB (post-RSB) group. An ultrasound-guided RSB was performed before skin incision in the pre-RSB group or after skin closure in the post-RSB group. The primary outcome was total rescue analgesic consumption at 24 h post-surgery. The secondary outcomes were cumulated rescue analgesic consumption and postoperative pain measured by numerical rating scale (NRS) at 0, 1, 2, 6, 9, 18, and 24 h post-surgery. Results: Total rescue analgesic consumption at 24 h post-surgery was significantly lower in the pre-RSB group than in the post-RSB group (p = 0.020). The cumulated rescue analgesic consumption was significantly lower in the pre-RSB group than in the post-RSB group at 1 h (p = 0.023), 9 h (p = 0.020) and 18 h (p = 0.002) post-surgery. NRS was significantly lower in the pre-RSB group than in the post-RSB group at 0 h post-surgery (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The pre-RSB reduced the analgesic requirements in patients undergoing LC compared with the post-RSB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-01-11), p. 657-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2021-01-11), p. 657-
    Abstract: Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1–10%), salicylic acid (0.2–2%), and lactobionic acid (1.2–12%) were used as representative substances for α-hydroxyacid (AHA), β-hydroxyacid (BHA), and polyhydroxyacid (PHA), respectively. When hydroxyacids were applied at high concentrations on the porcine skin every other day for 6 days, tissue viability was reduced to 50–80%, suggesting that the toxicity of cosmetic ingredients can be evaluated with this model. Based on tissue viability, the treatment scheme was changed to a single exposure for 20 min. The protective effects of a single exposure of hydroxyacids on skin barrier function were evaluated by examining rhodamine permeability and epidermal structural components of barrier function using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Lactobionic acid (PHAs) improved skin barrier function most compared to other AHAs and BHAs. Most importantly, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an important functional marker of skin barrier function, could be measured with this model, which confirmed the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs. Collectively, we demonstrated that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model can be an excellent alternative to animal experiments for skin studies on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020657
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal Trends of Bleeding Episodes during Half- vs. Standard-Dose Ticagrelor in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Low Platelet Reactivity: A Randomized BLEEDING-ACS Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-03-10), p. 1159-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-03-10), p. 1159-
    Abstract: To assess the temporal trends of bleeding episodes during half- vs. standard-dose ticagrelor in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with low platelet reactivity (LPR) during standard-dose ticagrelor (90 mg bid). ACS Patients with LPR ( 〈 85 P2Y12 reaction units) (n = 122) were randomly assigned to receive either half-dose (45 mg bid) or standard-dose ticagrelor (90 mg bid). The primary endpoint was incidence of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months. Dyspnea and ischemic events were also evaluated. Bleeding episodes were most commonly observed at 1 month and then decreased over time. Half-dose ticagrelor did not reduce any BARC bleeding (odds ratio [OR] 0.900, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.563–1.440, p = 0.661). However, serious bleeding (BARC type ≥2) occurred less often in half-dose ticagrelor (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.088–0.921, p = 0.036). The rate of moderate-to-severe dyspnea was highest at 1 month, then decreased over time. Half-dose ticagrelor did not decrease moderate-to-severe dyspnea (Borg scale ≥ 3) (OR 1.066, 95% CI 0.322–3.530, p = 0.916). The risk of ischemic events was also similar between the groups. In conclusions, compared with standard-dose ticagrelor, half-dose ticagrelor reduced serious bleeding events during early period of dual-antiplatelet therapy in ACS patients with LPR; however, the risk of any bleeding events and dyspnea did not differ according to ticagrelor dose. Clinical registration: KCT0004640.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061159
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Viral Load as a Factor Affecting the Fatality of Patients Suffering from Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-04-23), p. 881-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-04-23), p. 881-
    Abstract: The clinical characteristics and the effect of viral RNA loads on fatality in 56 patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) were analyzed. The non-survival group (12 patients) demonstrated a significantly higher mean age (77 years) than the survival group (44 patients, 65 years) (p = 0.003). The survival rates were 91.7% and 8.3% in patients with Ct values ≥30 and differed significantly (p = 0.001) in the survival and non-survival groups, respectively. The survival rates were 52.4% and 47.6% in patients with viral copy numbers ≥10,000 and 94.3% and 5.7% in patients with viral copy numbers 〈 10,000 in the survival and non-survival groups, respectively (p = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, viral copy numbers and initial Acute Psychologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores were identified as the factors affecting fatality (p = 0.015 and 0.011, respectively). SFTS viral RNA loads can be useful markers for the clinical prediction of mortality and survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14050881
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Development of a Scoring System to Differentiate Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from Scrub Typhus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-19), p. 1093-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-19), p. 1093-
    Abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and scrub typhus are disorders with similar clinical features; therefore, differentiating between them is difficult. We retrospectively collected data from 183 SFTS and 178 scrub typhus patients and validated an existing scoring system to develop a more sensitive, specific, and objective scoring system. We first applied the scoring systems proposed by Kim et al. to differentiate SFTS from scrub typhus. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that altered mental status, leukopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) level (≤1.0 mg/dL) were significantly associated with SFTS. We changed the normal CRP level from ≤1.0 mg/dL to ≤3.0 mg/dL and replaced altered mental status with the creatine kinase (CK) level. The modified scoring system showed 97% sensitivity and 96% specificity for SFTS (area under the curve (AUC): 0.983) and a higher accuracy than the original scoring system (p = 0.0308). This study’s scoring system had 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity for SFTS (AUC: 0.992) and a higher accuracy than Kim et al.’s original scoring system (p = 0.0308). Our scoring system that incorporated leukopenia, prolonged aPTT, normal CRP level (≤3.0 mg/dL), and elevated CK level ( 〉 1000 IU/L) easily differentiated SFTS from scrub typhus in an endemic area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14051093
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of an Ultraviolet Reactor on the Improvement of Air Quality Leaving a Direct Evaporative Cooler
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2018-04-09), p. 1123-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2018-04-09), p. 1123-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10041123
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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