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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-Invasive Assessment of Pulmonary Vasculopathy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Hearts Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2021-01-05), p. 5-14
    Details
    In: Hearts, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2021-01-05), p. 5-14
    Abstract: Right heart catheterization remains necessary for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and, therefore, for the prognostic evaluation of patients with chronic heart failure. The non-invaSive Assessment of Pulmonary vasculoPathy in Heart failure (SAPPHIRE) study was designed to assess the feasibility and prognostic relevance of a non-invasive evaluation of the pulmonary artery vasculature in patients with heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Patients will undergo a right heart catheterization, cardiac resonance imaging, and a pulmonary function test in order to identify structural and functional parameters allowing the identification of combined pre- and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension, and correlate these findings with the hemodynamic data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-3846
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/hearts2010002
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023976-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pulmonary Circulation. The Particular Scenario of Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-07-31), p. 548-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2020-07-31), p. 548-
    Abstract: The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has supposed a global health emergency affecting millions of people, with particular severity in the elderly and patients with previous comorbidities, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) could represent an especially vulnerable population because of the high mortality rates reported for respiratory infections. However, the number of COVID-19 cases reported among PAH and CTEPH patients is surprisingly low. Furthermore, the clinical picture that has been described in these patients is far from the severity that experts would expect. Endothelial dysfunction is a common feature between patients with PAH/CTEPH and COVID-19, leading to ventilation/perfusion mismatch, vasoconstriction, thrombosis and inflammation. In this picture, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays an essential role, being directly involved in the pathophysiology of both clinical entities. Some of these common characteristics could explain the good adaptation of PAH and CTEPH patients to COVID-19, who could also have obtained a benefit from the disease’s specific treatments (anticoagulant and pulmonary vasodilators), probably due to its protective effect on the endothelium. Additionally, these common features could also lead to PAH/CTEPH as a potential sequelae of COVID-19. Throughout this comprehensive review, we describe the similarities and differences between both conditions and the possible pathophysiological and therapeutic-based mechanisms leading to the low incidence and severity of COVID-19 reported in PAH/CTEPH patients to date. Nevertheless, international registries should look carefully into this population for better understanding and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neurohormonal Modulation as a Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Hypertension
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-22), p. 2521-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-22), p. 2521-
    Abstract: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are involved in many cardiovascular disorders, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). The current review focuses on the role of the ANS and RAAS activation in PH and updated evidence of potential therapies targeting both systems in this condition, particularly in Groups 1 and 2. State of the art knowledge in preclinical and clinical use of pharmacologic drugs (beta-blockers, beta-three adrenoceptor agonists, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling drugs) and invasive procedures, such as pulmonary artery denervation, is provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells9112521
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of the Plans to Optimize Antimicrobial Use in the Pediatric Population in Catalan Hospitals: The VINCat Pediatric PROA SHARP Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-26), p. 250-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-26), p. 250-
    Abstract: In Spain, many programs have been introduced in recent years to optimize antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric care (known as pediatric PROA). However, information on the current situation of these programs is scarce. The present study assesses current antimicrobial use in pediatric care in the hospitals of Catalonia affiliated with the VINCat pediatric PROA group. Between December 2020 and January 2021, an electronic survey related to the design and use of PROA was administered to members of PROA teams in our hospital network. The survey was conducted at 26 hospitals. Twelve percent of the hospitals had pediatric PROA in operation, 42% were included in adult PROA, and 46% carried out pediatric PROA activities but not as part of an established program. At 81%, the pediatric PROA team included a pediatrician, in 58% a pharmacist, and in 54% a microbiologist. The main activities were monitoring the use of antimicrobials and bacterial resistance. Twenty-seven percent measured indicators regularly. The VINCat Pediatric PROA group’s hospitals have implemented measures for optimizing antimicrobial stewardship, but few have a pediatric PROA program in place. Specific measures and indicators must be defined, and the resources available should be increased. The development of pediatric PROA should be monitored in the coming years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020250
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Short-Term Effects of Prescribed Burn Seasonality on the Understory in a Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco Mediterranean Forest
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Fire Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2023-07-27), p. 283-
    Details
    In: Fire, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 2023-07-27), p. 283-
    Abstract: Worsening climate change and increasing temperatures generate more sever and extended wildfires, raising concerns about ecosystem services. Prescribed burns (PB) are used to reduce forest fuel loads. Improving knowledge regarding the vegetation response after PB is essential for generating common points for monitoring ecological burning effects and generating a protocol or practice guide. We compared the PB seasonality of low-intensity (spring, summer, and autumn) and unburned areas in a total of 12 plots in Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. salzmannii Mediterranean forest. Our vegetation analysis was short term (one year after each PB). We analyzed vegetation coverage, α-diversity (Pielou, Simpson, and Shannon’s index), life forms, and fire-adapted traits using the Canfield transect method, followed by statistical analyses such as non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and two-way ANOVA. α-diversity was significantly decreased ( 〉 55% of dissimilarity) in the burned plots during each season, with the lowest values after summer PB (69% of dissimilarity) when comparing the burned and unburned plots. There was a significant increase in hemicryptophytes (15−20%) and geophyte coverage (from 6% to 14%, or from 4% to 8% in certain cases) in the burned plots after PB seasonality; however, the phanerophytes were reduced (from 13% to 5%). Resprouters were more dominant after PB (an increase of 15–20%), which indicates that resprouters have a faster recovery and generate a fuel load quickly for highly flammable species such as Bromus after low-intensity burning. This suggests that low-intensity prescribed burning may not be the best methodology for these resprouting species. This study helps to understand how burning in the early season can affect inflammable vegetation and the change in fuel that is available in semi-arid landscapes. This is key to achieving the basis for the development of a standardized system that allows for the efficient management of forest services in order to reduce wildfire risks. One objective of this line of research is to observe the effects of recurrent burning in different seasons on vegetation, as well as plant−soil interaction using the microbial and enzyme soil activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-6255
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fire6080283
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2924038-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Outcomes of a Zika Virus Mother–Child Pair Cohort in Spain
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-07), p. 352-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-07), p. 352-
    Abstract: Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with congenital microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There is little published research on the effect of maternal ZIKV infection in a non-endemic European region. We aimed to describe the outcomes of pregnant travelers diagnosed as ZIKV-infected in Spain, and their exposed children. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study of nine referral hospitals enrolled pregnant women (PW) who travelled to endemic areas during their pregnancy or the two previous months, or those whose sexual partners visited endemic areas in the previous 6 months. Infants of ZIKV-infected mothers were followed for about two years. Results: ZIKV infection was diagnosed in 163 PW; 112 (70%) were asymptomatic and 24 (14.7%) were confirmed cases. Among 143 infants, 14 (9.8%) had adverse outcomes during follow-up; three had a congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), and 11 other potential Zika-related outcomes. The overall incidence of CZS was 2.1% (95%CI: 0.4–6.0%), but among infants born to ZIKV-confirmed mothers, this increased to 15.8% (95%CI: 3.4–39.6%). Conclusions: A nearly 10% overall risk of neurologic and hearing adverse outcomes was found in ZIKV-exposed children born to a ZIKV-infected traveler PW. Longer-term follow-up of these children is needed to assess whether there are any later-onset manifestations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050352
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential Molecular Pathways Related to Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Development: Lessons to Learn from the Aorta
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2020-04-04), p. 2509-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 7 ( 2020-04-04), p. 2509-
    Abstract: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Current vasodilator treatments have substantially improved patients’ survival. This improved survival has led to the appearance of complications related to conditions previously underdiagnosed or even ignored, such as pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA). The presence of a dilated pulmonary artery has been shown to be related to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death among PAH patients. This increased risk could be associated to the development of left main coronary artery compression or pulmonary artery dissection. Nevertheless, very little is currently known about the molecular mechanisms related to PAA. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a well-known condition with an increased risk of sudden death caused by acute aortic dissection. TAA may be secondary to chronic exposure to classic cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, a number of genetic variants have been shown to be related to a marked risk of TAA and dissection as part of multisystemic syndromes or isolated familial TAA. The molecular pathways implied in the development of TAA have been widely studied and described. Many of these molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH and could be involved in PAA. This review aims to describe all these common pathways to open new research lines that could help lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH and PAA and their clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072509
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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