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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RDCP: A Real Time Sea Fog Intensity and Visibility Estimation Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-12-25), p. 53-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-12-25), p. 53-
    Abstract: A number of accidents at sea are primarily caused by low visibility due to sea fog. Therefore, it is important to estimate sea fog intensity and visibility in real-time in the ocean environment. Visibility meters utilize optical sensors rather than visional information, so that the measured visibility data occasionally includes errors. Moreover, visibility meters have significant costs so that it is not viable to install them at various locations. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm called RDCP (Reduced Dark Channel Prior), which provides reliable estimation at a low cost by processing images captured from cameras, since they receive identical information as human eyes. For the estimation, the RDCP algorithm firstly acquires dark channels from an ocean image, then applies an optimized threshold value to the dark channels and crops out the sky region in the ocean image. For the estimation performance evaluation, 320 raw images captured from cameras at four different ports in Republic of Korea are used. Considering facilities in oceans, which are usually operated in power-limited environment, the processing time performance of PDCP is also examined. The experiments demonstrate that the RDCP algorithm provides reliable estimation performance in real-time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse12010053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 2
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    Novel Therapeutic Effects of Pterosin B on Ang II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 22 ( 2020-11-12), p. 5279-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 22 ( 2020-11-12), p. 5279-
    Abstract: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an abnormal increase in cardiac muscle mass in the left ventricle, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Although various therapeutic approaches are being continuously developed for heart failure, several studies have suggested natural compounds as novel potential strategies. Considering relevant compounds, we investigated a new role for Pterosin B for which the potential life-affecting biological and therapeutic effects on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are not fully known. Thus, we investigated whether Pterosin B can regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) using H9c2 cells. The antihypertrophic effect of Pterosin B was evaluated, and the results showed that it reduced hypertrophy-related gene expression, cell size, and protein synthesis. In addition, upon Ang II stimulation, Pterosin B attenuated the activation and expression of major receptors, Ang II type 1 receptor and a receptor for advanced glycation end products, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PKC-ERK-NF-κB pathway signaling molecules. In addition, Pterosin B showed the ability to reduce excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species, critical mediators for cardiac hypertrophy upon Ang II exposure, by regulating the expression levels of NAD(P)H oxidase 2/4. Our results demonstrate the protective role of Pterosin B in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, suggesting it is a potential therapeutic candidate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225279
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    Machine Learning-Assisted Gas-Specific Fingerprint Detection/Classification Strategy Based on Mutually Interactive Features of Semiconductor Gas Sensor Arrays
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-11-24), p. 3884-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-11-24), p. 3884-
    Abstract: A high-performance machine learning-assisted gas sensor strategy based on the integration of supervised and unsupervised learning with a gas-sensitive semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensor array is introduced. A 4-SMO sensor array was chosen as a test sensor system for detecting carbon monoxide (CO) and ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) mixtures using 15 different combinations. Gas sensing detection/classification was performed with different numbers of gas sensor and machine learning algorithms. K-Means clustering was successfully employed to rationally identify the similarity features of targeted gases among 4 different groups, i.e., matrix gas, two single-component gases, and one two-gas mixture, based on only unlabeled voltage-based gas sensing information. Detailed classification was performed through a multitude of supervised algorithms, i.e., 2-layer artificial neural networks (ANNs), 4-layer deep neural networks (DNNs), 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNNs), and 2-dimensional CNNs (2D CNNs). The numerical-based DNNs and image-based CNNs are shown to be excellent approaches for gas detection and classification, as indicated by the highest accuracy and lowest loss indicators. Through the analysis of the influence of the number of sensors on the arrayed gas sensor system, the application of machine learning methodology to an arrayed gas sensor system demonstrates four unique features, i.e., a data augmentation methodology, machine learning approach of combining K-means clustering and neural networks, and a systematic approach to optimized sensor combinations, potentially leading to the practical sensor networks based on chemical sensors. Even two SMO sensor combinations are shown to be highly effective in gas discrimination against diverse gas environments assisted through numeric-based DNNs and image-based 1D CNNs, overcoming the simple clustering proposed through the unsupervised K-means clustering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11233884
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 4
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    Proteome Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Identification of Anticancer Effectors
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 21 ( 2020-11-09), p. 5216-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 21 ( 2020-11-09), p. 5216-
    Abstract: Cancer immunotherapy is a clinically validated therapeutic modality for cancer and has been rapidly advancing in recent years. Adoptive transfer of immune cells such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells has emerged as a viable method of controlling the immune system against cancer. Recent evidence indicates that even immune-cell-released vesicles such as NK-cell-derived exosomes also exert anticancer effect. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the anticancer potential of isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from expanded and activated NK-cell-enriched lymphocytes (NKLs) prepared by house-developed protocol was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, isolated EVs were characterized by using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteome and network analysis, and functional study using identified factors was performed. Our data indicated that the EVs from expanded and active NKLs had anticancer properties, and a number of molecules, such as Fas ligand, TRAIL, NKG2D, β-actin, and fibrinogen, were identified as effector candidates based on the proteome analysis and functional study. The results of the present study suggest the possibility of NK-cell-derived EVs as a viable immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215216
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    Ischemic and Bleeding Events Associated with Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-21), p. 3370-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-21), p. 3370-
    Abstract: The early and late ischemic and bleeding clinical outcomes according to baseline platelet count after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unclear. Overall, 10,667 patients from the Cardiovascular Risk and identification of potential high-risk population in AMI (COREA-AMI) I and II registries were classified according to the following universal criteria on baseline platelet counts: (1) moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (platelet 〈 100 K/μL, n = 101), (2) mild thrombocytopenia (platelet = 100~149 K/μL, n = 631), (3) normal reference (platelet = 150~450 K/μL, n = 9832), and (4) thrombocytosis (platelet 〉 450 K/μL, n = 103). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2, 3, and 5 bleeding. After adjusting for confounders, the moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.49–2.78); p 〈 0.001), mild thrombocytopenia (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34; p = 0.045), and thrombocytosis groups (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07–2.03; p = 0.019) showed higher 5-year MACE rates than the normal reference. In BARC 2, 3, and 5 bleeding outcomes, the bleedings rates were higher than the normal range in the moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.36–3.49; p = 0.001) and mild thrombocytopenia (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12–1.78; p = 0.004) groups. Patients with AMI had higher 5-year MACE rates after PCI if they had lower- or higher-than-normal platelet counts. Thrombocytopenia revealed higher early and late bleeding rates whereas thrombocytosis showed long-term bleeding trends, although these trends were not statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103370
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    A Multi-Center, Prospective Observational Study to Investigate the Safety, Compliance, and Efficacy of Omethyl QTlet Soft Capsule
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 6949-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 6949-
    Abstract: Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be effective in lowering triglyceride (TG) levels; however, tolerability issues arise due to the large size of the pills. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, compliance, and efficacy of Omethyl QTlet soft capsules (OQCs). This multi-center, prospective, observational study evaluated the safety, compliance, and efficacy of OQCs. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia with a history of omega-3 fatty acid intake were enrolled in this study and were prescribed OQCs (2 g–4 g/day) for eight weeks. All adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded for safety evaluation. Adherence to treatment was assessed using questionnaires, and efficacy was assessed by changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels after eight weeks from baseline. The convenience of taking medication was analyzed for 580 patients, and the efficacy test was performed for 563 patients. The AE and ADR rates were 8.2% and 5.7%, respectively. There were only two SAEs. Of the patients, 55.8% responded that the OQC improved medication convenience, and mean changes in TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C from baseline to eight weeks were −37.88 mg/dL, −11.56 mg/dL, −5.55 mg/dL, and −10.87 mg/dL, respectively (p-values 〈 0.001). In patients who had previously taken omega-3 fatty acids, OQCs showed safety and efficacy in lowering TG, and it was confirmed that compliance with medicine also improved compared to omega-3 fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236949
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    A New Trial to Measure ABO Antibodies Using Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-06-20), p. 830-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 6 ( 2022-06-20), p. 830-
    Abstract: Background and objectives: The ABO antibody (Ab) titration tests are used in monitoring in ABO-incompatible (ABOi) solid organ transplantation (SOT). However, currently developed ABO Ab tests show Ab binding reactions. This study attempted to measure ABO Ab level using complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Materials and methods: We studied 93 blood group O serum samples from patients who underwent ABOi SOT from January 2019 to May 2021. Patients’ sera were incubated with A1 or B cells and added to a human complement solution. Supernatants were collected after centrifugation, and free hemoglobin (Hb) was measured by spectrophotometry. We converted plasma Hb value to hemolysis (%), which were compared with ABO Ab titer. Results: We found a mild correlation between hemolysis and ABO Ab titers. In simple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients were within 0.3660–0.4968 (p 〈 0.0001) before transplantation. In multiple linear regression analysis, anti-A hemolysis (%) was higher in immunoglobulin M (IgM) (β = 12.9) than in immunoglobulin G (IgG) (β = −3.4) (R2 = 0.5216). Anti-B hemolysis was higher in IgM (β = 8.7) than in IgG (β = 0.0) (R2 = 0.5114). There was a large variation in hemolysis within the same Ab titer. Conclusions: CDC can be used in a new trial for ABO Ab measurement. Furthermore, IgM rather than IgG seems to play a significant role in vivo activity, consistent with previous knowledge. Thus, this study may help in the development of the ABO Ab titration supplement test for post-transplant treatment policy establishment and pre-transplant desensitization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060830
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 8
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    Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition of Long-Term Survivors of Pancreatic Head Cancer and Factors Affecting the Changes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 15 ( 2021-08-02), p. 3436-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 15 ( 2021-08-02), p. 3436-
    Abstract: Previous studies on changes in body composition of pancreatic cancer patients have only focused on short-term survivors. We studied longitudinal body composition changes and factors affecting them in long-term survivors by analyzing many abdominal computed tomography images using artificial intelligence technology. Of 302 patients who survived for 〉 36 months after surgery were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for factors affecting body composition changes and repeated-measures analysis of variance to observe differences in the course of change according to each factor were performed. In logistic analysis, preoperative sarcopenia and recurrence were the main factors influencing body composition changes at 1 and 3 years after surgery, respectively. In changes of longitudinal body composition, the decrease in body composition was the greatest at 3–6 months postoperatively, and the preoperative status did not recover even 3 years after surgery. Especially, males showed a greater reduction in skeletal muscle (SKM) after surgery than females (p 〈 0.01). In addition, SKM (p 〈 0.001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (p 〈 0.05) mass rapidly decreased in case of recurrence. In conclusion, long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer did not recover their preoperative body composition status, and preoperative sarcopenia and recurrence influenced body composition changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153436
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Application of an LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Neuroblastoma in 357 Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 3470-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 3470-
    Abstract: Homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) are end-stage metabolites of catecholamine and are clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. For the first time in Korea, we implemented and validated a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay to measure urinary concentrations of HVA and VMA according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Our LC–MS/MS assay with minimal sample preparation was validated for linearity, lower limit of detection (LOD), lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, carryover, matrix effect, and method comparison. A total of 1209 measurements was performed to measure HVA and VMA in spot urine between October 2019 and September 2020. The relationship between the two urinary markers, HVA and VMA, was analyzed and exhibited high agreement (89.1% agreement, kappa’s k = 0.6) and a strong correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.73). To our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize LC–MS/MS for simultaneous quantitation of spot urinary HVA and VMA and analyze the clinical application of both markers on a large scale for neuroblastoma patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113470
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    The Mixture of Gastrodia elata and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-03-14), p. 3690-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-03-14), p. 3690-
    Abstract: Background: Cognitive disorders are symptoms of degenerative neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study evaluated the effects of a mixture of Gastrodiae elata (GE) and Glycyrrhizae uralensis (GU) (GGW) on scopolamine-treated cognitive function disorders in vivo. Methods: To induce memory impairment and cognitive disorder, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administered scopolamine. In the experimental period, the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and water maze tests were carried out to measure the ameliorative effect of GGW on cognitive function disorder. The expression of amyloid-β (Aβ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampal tissues were measured. In addition, to assess the effect of GGW on brain tissue, tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Results: GGW treatment improved latencies in the Y-maze, water maze, and passive avoidance tests compared with scopolamine treatment alone. GGW administration downregulated Aβ and AChE expression. In addition, BDNF expression was upregulated by GGW administration. Conclusion: These results suggest that GGW ameliorates impaired cognitive function in a scopolamine-induced mouse model. In addition, GGW could control the pathway of scopolamine-induced cognitive disorders by regulating Aβ, AChE, and BDNF. These results suggest that GGW could be used as a treatment agent for cognitive dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13063690
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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