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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of TIMP-2 Polymorphisms on Retinopathy of Prematurity Risk, Severity, Recurrence, and Treatment Response
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-17), p. 14199-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-17), p. 14199-
    Abstract: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a crucial role in endogenous angiogenesis besides the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Associations between TIMP-2 gene polymorphisms and the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were examined. Premature infants born between 2009 and 2018 were included. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TIMP-2 were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to model associations between TIMP-2 polymorphisms and ROP susceptibility and severity. The GA+AA genotype in individuals with the TIMP-2 polymorphism of rs12600817 was associated with a higher risk of ROP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.518, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.028–2.242) compared with their wild-type genotypes. The AA genotype (OR: 1.962, 95% CI: 1.023–3.762) and the AA+GA genotype (OR: 1.686, 95% CI: 1.030–2.762) in individuals with the rs12600817 polymorphism had higher risks of severe, treatment-requiring ROP relative to their wild-type counterparts. In patients with treatment-requiring ROP, the AG+GG genotypes in the TIMP-2 polymorphism of rs2889529 were correlated with the treatment response (p = 0.035). The TIMP-2 polymorphism of rs12600817 help in predicting ROP risks in preterm infants, while the polymorphism of rs2889529 can serve as a genetic marker in evaluating the ROP treatment response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes on Axial Length Elongation in Eyes with Posterior and Combined Persistent Fetal Vasculature
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-19), p. 5836-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-19), p. 5836-
    Abstract: This study aims to investigate the outcomes and risk factors associated with poor vision (vision less than counting fingers, 2.0 logMAR, Snellen vision 20/2000) in patients with posterior or combined persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), with or without surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with PFV from January 2008 to April 2021. We included 51 eyes of 44 patients who presented with PFV, of which 38 eyes underwent surgical correction (pars plicata/plana vitrectomy, with or without lensectomy, and intraocular lens implantation) at the median age of 6.0 months (range: 0.7 to 82.0). The mean follow-up was 68.8 months ± 38.0 months. The axial length change in the eyes undergoing surgery was significantly higher than the eyes without surgery (p = 0.025). Initial anterior chamber collapse and retinal detachment were associated with poor vision (p = 0.006 and p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, 37% of eyes with posterior or combined PFV had vision better than counting fingers. Surgery for eyes with PFV could result in better eye growth. Visual outcomes remained poor and were associated with the level of macular abnormality. Initial anterior chamber collapse and retinal detachment at presentation were the risk factors for poor visual outcomes. Vitrectomy for selected PFV eyes is valuable and associated with a better cosmetic outcome (better eye growth).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065836
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of RetCam and Smartphone-Based Photography for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-10), p. 945-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-10), p. 945-
    Abstract: This study aimed to compare the clinical performance between a smartphone-based fundus photography device and a contact imaging device for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. All patients were first examined with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO), which served as the reference standard. The patients were then assessed by two devices. Imaging quality, ability to judge the zone and stage of ROP, agreement with the BIO results, vital signs, and pain scores were compared between these two devices. In total, 142 eyes of 71 infants were included. For the smartphone-based fundus photography, image quality was graded excellent or acceptable in 91.4% of examinations, although it was still significantly inferior to that of the contact imaging device (p 〈 0.001). The smartphone-based fundus photography images had moderate agreement with the BIO results regarding the presence or absence of plus disease (Cohen’s κ = 0.619), but evaluating the zone (p 〈 0.001) and stage (p 〈 0.001) of ROP was difficult. Systemic parameters, except for heart rate, were similar between the two imaging devices (all p 〉 0.05). In conclusion, although the smartphone-based fundus photography showed moderate agreement for determining the presence or absence of plus disease, it failed to identify the zone and stage of ROP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040945
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regenerative Braking Control Strategy Based on AI Algorithm to Improve Driving Comfort of Autonomous Vehicles
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-10), p. 946-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-10), p. 946-
    Abstract: Recent studies on autonomous vehicles focus on improving driving efficiency and ignore driving comfort. Because acceleration and jerk affect driving comfort, we propose a comfort regenerative braking system (CRBS) that uses artificial neural networks as a vehicle-control strategy for braking conditions. An autonomous vehicle driving comfort is mainly determined by the control algorithm of the vehicle. If the passenger’s comfort is initially predicted based on acceleration and deceleration limits, the control strategy algorithm can be adjusted, which would be helpful to improve ride comfort in autonomous vehicles. We implement numerical analysis of the control strategy, ensuring reduced jerk conditions. In addition, backward propagation was applied to estimate the braking force limits of the regenerative braking systems more accurately. The developed algorithm was verified through the Car Sim and MATLAB/Simulink simulations by comparing them with the conventional braking system. The proposed CRBS offers effective regenerative braking within limits and ensures increased driving comfort to passengers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13020946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Genotype in Patients with Anterior Segment Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-27), p. 6304-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-27), p. 6304-
    Abstract: (1) The glycoprotein B (gB) on the viral envelope, encoded by the most widely characterised polymorphic gene, gpUL55, is responsible for cytomegalovirus (CMV) entry into the host and could serve as a potential marker of pathogenicity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the distribution of the CMV gB genotype in anterior segment infection in Taiwan and its correlation with clinical manifestations and outcomes. (2) Fifty-seven patients with CMV anterior segment infection were identified according to clinical features and positivity for CMV DNA in aqueous humour samples. CMV gB genotyping was performed through polymerase chain reaction assays. Patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed. (3) Among the 57 aqueous humour samples tested for gB, 40 (70.28%) had multiple gB genotypes, and only 17 (29.82%) had a single gB genotype. Compared with single-genotype infection, multiple-genotype infection was correlated with higher CMV loads (p 〈 0.001) but not correlated with outcome. A higher proportion of patients with the gB3 genotype had received filtering surgery before antiviral treatment than those without the gB3 genotype (p = 0.046). (4) Multiple-genotype infection was highly prevalent in CMV anterior segment infection in Taiwan, and gB1 and gB3 were predominant. Multiple-genotype infection was correlated with higher CMV loads but not with specific clinical manifestations or prognostic outcomes. The gB3 genotype may be correlated with poor intraocular pressure control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076304
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased Levels of Phosphorylated ERK Induce CTGF Expression in Autophagy-Deficient Mouse Hepatocytes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 2704-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 2704-
    Abstract: Autophagy performs essential cell functions in the liver through an intracellular lysosomal degradation process. Several studies have reported that autophagy deficiency can lead to liver injury, including hepatic fibrosis; however, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between autophagy deficiency and liver pathology are unclear. In this study, we examined the expression levels of fibrosis-associated genes in hepatocyte-specific ATG7-deficient mice. The expression levels of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and phosphorylated ERK (phospho-ERK) proteins were increased significantly in primary hepatocytes isolated from hepatocyte-specific ATG7-deficient mice compared to those isolated from control mice. In addition, the inhibition of autophagy in cultured mammalian hepatic AML12 and LX2 cells increased CTGF and phospho-ERK protein levels without altering CTGF mRNA expression. In addition, the autophagy deficiency-mediated enhancement of CTGF expression was attenuated when ERK was inhibited. Overall, these results suggest that the inhibition of autophagy in hepatocytes increases phospho-ERK expression, which in turn increases the expression of CTGF, a biomarker of fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11172704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integration of Nanomaterials and Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Techniques for Sensing Biomolecules
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-03-16), p. 42-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-03-16), p. 42-
    Abstract: Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) techniques offer a high degree of sensitivity, reliability and ease of use for their application to sensing biomolecules. BRET is a distance dependent, non-radiative energy transfer, which uses a bioluminescent protein to excite an acceptor through the resonance energy transfer. A BRET sensor can quickly detect the change of a target biomolecule quantitatively without an external electromagnetic field, e.g., UV light, which normally can damage tissue. Having been developed quite recently, this technique has evolved rapidly. Here, different bioluminescent proteins have been reviewed. In addition to a multitude of bioluminescent proteins, this manuscript focuses on the recent development of BRET sensors by utilizing quantum dots. The special size-dependent properties of quantum dots have made the BRET sensing technique attractive for the real-time monitoring of the changes of target molecules and bioimaging in vivo. This review offers a look into the basis of the technique, donor/acceptor pairs, experimental applications and prospects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios9010042
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Noncontact Optical Measurement of Aqueous Humor Glucose Levels and Correlation with Serum Glucose Levels in Rabbit
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-10-13), p. 387-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-10-13), p. 387-
    Abstract: The noninvasive measurement of serum glucose levels has been investigated for the monitoring of blood sugar control in diabetes. In our study, we aimed to develop a novel noncontact glucometer (NCGM) utilizing an optical approach to measure the intraocular aqueous humor glucose levels in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. The NCGM consists of a hybrid optical system that simultaneously measures near-infrared absorption and the polarized rotatory distribution of glucose molecules in the aqueous humor. In vitro optical measurements demonstrated that NCGM measurements had high precision and repeatability for different glucose levels, including 50 mg/dL (14.36%), 100 mg/dL (−4.05%), 200 mg/dL (−5.99%), 300 mg/dL (4.86%), 400 mg/dL (−2.84%), 500 mg/dL (−0.11%), and 600 mg/dL (4.48%). In the rabbit experiments, we found a high correlation between aqueous glucose levels and serum glucose levels, with a mean difference of 8 mg/dL. According to the testing results, the in vivo NCGM measurement of aqueous humor glucose levels also displayed a high correlation with serum glucose levels, with a mean difference of 29.2 mg/dL. In conclusion, aqueous humor glucose levels were accurately measured using the NCGM, and the results correlated with serum glucose levels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios11100387
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluorescent Nanobiosensors for Sensing Glucose
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2018-05-05), p. 1440-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2018-05-05), p. 1440-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18051440
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Coptidis Rhizoma Prevents Heat Stress-Induced Brain Damage and Cognitive Impairment in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2017-09-23), p. 1057-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2017-09-23), p. 1057-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu9101057
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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