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  • MDPI AG  (361)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Free and Total Forms of a Phenolic Acid and Two Flavonoids in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Comparative Pharmacokinetic Studies of Polygonum capitatum Extract in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2017-02-25), p. 353-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2017-02-25), p. 353-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
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    Optimization of Boron Nitride Sphere Loading in Epoxy: Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Excellent Electrical Insulation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Polymers Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-08-12), p. 1335-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-08-12), p. 1335-
    Abstract: Thermally conductive but electrically insulating materials are highly desirable for thermal management applications in electrical encapsulation and future energy fields, for instance, superconducting magnet insulation in nuclear fusion systems. However, the traditional approaches usually suffer from inefficient and anisotropic enhancement of thermal conductivity or deterioration of electrical insulating property. In this study, using boron nitride sphere (BNS) agglomerated by boron nitride (BN) sheets as fillers, we fabricate a series of epoxy/BNS composites by a new approach, namely gravity-mix, and realize the controllable BNS loading fractions in the wide range of 5–40 wt%. The composites exhibited thermal conductivity of about 765% and enhancement at BNS loading of 40 wt%. The thermal conductivity up to 0.84 W·m−1·K−1 at 77 K and 1.66 W·m−1·K−1 at 298 K was observed in preservation of a higher dielectric constant and a lower dielectric loss, as expected, because boron nitride is a naturally dielectric material. It is worth noting that the thermal property was almost isotropous on account of the spherical structure of BNS in epoxy. Meanwhile, the reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was largely reduced, by up to 42.5% at a temperature range of 77–298 K.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym11081335
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    DNA Demethylation of Myogenic Genes May Contribute to Embryonic Leg Muscle Development Differences between Wuzong and Shitou Geese
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2023-04-13), p. 7188-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2023-04-13), p. 7188-
    Abstract: Skeletal muscle development from embryonic stages to hatching is critical for poultry muscle growth, during which DNA methylation plays a vital role. However, it is not yet clear how DNA methylation affects early embryonic muscle development between goose breeds of different body size. In this study, whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was conducted on leg muscle tissue from Wuzong (WZE) and Shitou (STE) geese on embryonic day 15 (E15), E23, and post-hatch day 1. It was found that at E23, the embryonic leg muscle development of STE was more intense than that of WZE. A negative correlation was found between gene expression and DNA methylation around transcription start sites (TSSs), while a positive correlation was observed in the gene body near TTSs. It was also possible that earlier demethylation of myogenic genes around TSSs contributes to their earlier expression in WZE. Using pyrosequencing to analyze DNA methylation patterns of promoter regions, we also found that earlier demethylation of the MyoD1 promoter in WZE contributed to its earlier expression. This study reveals that DNA demethylation of myogenic genes may contribute to embryonic leg muscle development differences between Wuzong and Shitou geese.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Flavour Profile of Traditional Dry Sausage Prepared with Partial Substitution of NaCl with KCl
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 388-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 388-
    Abstract: The effects of partial substitution of NaCl with 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% KCl on the physical characteristics, bacterial community and flavour profile of traditional dry sausage were investigated in this study. With the increase in KCl substitution ratio, the moisture content, astringency, bitterness and umami increased significantly, and the saltiness gradually decreased (p 〈 0.05). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the dry sausages with KCl substitution had relatively high abundances of Staphylococcus. For volatile compounds, increasing the KCl substitution ratio reduced the formation of aldehydes, ketones and some alcohols, but promoted the formation of acids and esters (p 〈 0.05). Sensory evaluation and partial least square regression analysis showed that the dry sausages with 20% and 30% KCl were similar in overall physical and microbial properties, flavour profiles and sensory attributes, and the sausages with 40% KCl were characterized by taste defects. Overall, partial substitution of NaCl with 30% KCl could ensure the acceptable flavour and sensory attributes of dry sausages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12020388
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
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    Vehicle-Following Control Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-21), p. 10648-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-21), p. 10648-
    Abstract: Intelligent vehicle-following control presents a great challenge in autonomous driving. In vehicle-intensive roads of city environments, frequent starting and stopping of vehicles is one of the important cause of front-end collision accidents. Therefore, this paper proposes a subsection proximal policy optimization method (Subsection-PPO), which divides the vehicle-following process into the start–stop and steady stages and provides control at different stages with two different actor networks. It improves security in the vehicle-following control using the proximal policy optimization algorithm. To improve the training efficiency and reduce the variance of advantage function, the weighted importance sampling method is employed instead of the importance sampling method to estimate the data distribution. Finally, based on the TORCS simulation engine, the advantages and robustness of the method in vehicle-following control is verified. The results show that compared with other deep learning learning, the Subsection-PPO algorithm has better algorithm efficiency and higher safety than PPO and DDPG in vehicle-following control.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122010648
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
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    Preoperative Decreased Hounsfield Unit Values of Cervical Vertebrae and the Relative Cross-Sectional Area of Flexion/Extension Paraspinal Muscles Are Novel Risk Factors for the Loss of Cervical Lordosis after Open-Door Laminoplasty
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-08), p. 2119-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-08), p. 2119-
    Abstract: Open-door laminoplasty is widely used for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, the loss of cervical lordosis (LCL) seems to be unavoidable in the long-term follow-up after surgery, which may affect the clinical outcomes. The risk factors for this complication are still unclear. In this study, patients who underwent open-door laminoplasty between April 2016 and June 2021 were enrolled. Cervical X-rays were obtained to measure the C2–7 Cobb angle, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope (T1S) and ranges of motion (ROM). Cervical computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were collected to evaluate the cervical Hounsfield unit values (HU) and the relative cross-sectional area (RCSA) of paraspinal muscles, respectively. A total of 42 patients were included and the average follow-up period was 24.9 months. Among the patients, 24 cases (57.1%) had a LCL of more than 5° at a 1-year follow-up and were labeled as members of the LCL group. The follow-up JOA scores were significantly lower in the LCL group (13.9 ± 0.6 vs. 14.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.021) and the mean JOA recovery rate was negatively correlated with LCL (r = −0.409, p = 0.007). In addition, LCL was positively correlated to the preoperative T1S, flexion ROM, flexion/extension ROM and the RCSA of flexion/extension muscles, while it was negatively correlated to extension ROM and the HU value of cervical vertebrae. Furthermore, multiple linear regression showed that preoperative T1S, mean HU value of cervical vertebrae, flexion/extension ROM and the flexion/extension RCSA were independent risk factors for LCL. Spine surgeons should consider these parameters before performing open-door laminoplasty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062119
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Grafting of Amines on Ethanol-Extracted SBA-15 for CO2 Adsorption
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Materials Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2013-03-12), p. 981-999
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2013-03-12), p. 981-999
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma6030981
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 8
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    Integrated Spatial Modulation and STBC-VBLAST Design toward Efficient MIMO Transmission
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2022-06-22), p. 4719-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2022-06-22), p. 4719-
    Abstract: In this contribution, the concept of spatial modulation (SM) is firstly integrated into the structure of space-time block codes (STBC)-aided vertical Bell-labs layered space-time (VBLAST) systems, in order to strike a balanced tradeoff among bit error ratio (BER), spectral efficiency and computational complexity. First of all, in order to enhance the BER performance of STBC-VBLAST, we advocate an effective transmit power allocation (TPA) scheme with negligible implementation costs, while dividing the STBC and VBLAST layers with alleviated interference, so as to facilitate combination with SM. Then, we further utilize the unique structure of SM for enhancing the spectral efficiency of original STBC-VBLAST, wherein the information is conveyed by not only the amplitude/phase modulation (APM) symbols but also the antenna indices. In addition, constellation sets of STBC symbols are specifically designed to be rotated to make full use of the degrees of freedom. Finally, the performance advantages of the above-mentioned structures over traditional STBC-VBLAST are demonstrated by the theoretical derivation of a closed-form expression for the union bound on the bit error probability for various spectral efficiencies, and they are supported by simulation results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22134719
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Genome-Wide Profiling Reveals HPV Integration Pattern and Activated Carcinogenic Pathways in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-12-03), p. 6104-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-12-03), p. 6104-
    Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant etiologic driver of penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). The integration pattern of HPV and its carcinogenic mechanism in PSCC remain largely unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 108 PSCC cases who received surgery between 2008 and 2017. Using high-throughput viral integration detection, we identified 35 HPV-integrated PSCCs. Unlike cervical cancer, the HPV E2 oncogene was not prone to involvement in integration. Eleven of the 35 (31.4%) HPV-integrated PSCCs harbored intact HPV E2; these tumors had lower HPV E6 and E7 expression and higher expression of p53 and pRb proteins than those with disrupted E2 did (p 〈 0.001 and p = 0.024). Integration breakpoints are preferentially distributed in or near host genes, including previously reported hotspots (KLF5, etc.) and newly identified hotspots (CADM2, etc.), which are mainly involved in oncogenic signaling pathways (MAPK, JAK/STAT, etc.). Regarding the phosphorylation levels of JNK, p38 was higher in HPV-positive tumors with MAPK-associated integration than those in HPV-positive tumors with other integration and those in HPV-negative tumors. In vitro, KLF5 knockdown inhibited proliferation and invasion of PSCC cells, while silencing CADM2 promoted migration and invasion. In conclusion, this study enhances our understanding of HPV-induced carcinogenesis in PSCC, which may not only rely on the E6/E7 oncogenes, but mat also affect the expression of critical genes and thus activate oncogenic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236104
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 10
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    The Differences of Nutrient Components in Edible and Feeding Coix Seed at Different Developmental Stages Based on a Combined Analysis of Metabolomics
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2023-04-27), p. 3759-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2023-04-27), p. 3759-
    Abstract: Coix lachryma-jobi L. is an excellent plant resource that has a concomitant function for medicine, foodstuff and forage in China. At present, the commonly used cultivar for both medicine and foodstuff is Xiaobaike, and the cultivar for foraging is Daheishan. However, differences in the internal composition of plants lead to the expression of different phenotypic traits. In order to comprehensively elucidate the differences in nutrient composition changes in Coix seeds, a non-targeted metabolomics method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the metabolic changes in Coix seeds at different developmental stages. An edible Coix relative (Xiaobaike) and a feeding Coix relative (Daheishan) were selected as the research subjects. In the metabolome analysis of Coix seed, 314 metabolites were identified and detected, among which organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and flavonoids were the main components. As an important standard for evaluating the quality of Coix seed, seven lipids were detected, among which fatty acids included not only even-chain fatty acids, but also odd-chain fatty acids, which was the first time detecting a variety of odd-chain fatty acids in Coix seed. The analysis of the compound contents in edible and feeding-type Coix lachryma-jobi L. and the lipid content at the mature stage showed that, among them, arachidic acid, behenic acid, heptadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid and pristanic acid may be the key compounds affecting the lipid content. In addition, in the whole process of semen coicis maturation, edible and feeding Coix show similar trends, and changes in the third period show clear compounds in the opposite situation, suggesting that edible and feeding Coix not only guarantee the relative stability of species but also provide raw materials for genetic breeding. This study provides valuable information on the formation of the edible and medicinal qualities of Coix.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093759
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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