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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Visualizing the Distribution of Lipids in Peanut Seeds by MALDI Mass Spectrometric Imaging
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3888-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3888-
    Abstract: Peanut (also called groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds are used for producing edible oils and functional foods, and offer a rich source of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. However, the location of these metabolites has not yet been firmly established. In the present study, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) technique was applied to investigate spatial distribution of lipids and other key components in seeds of three peanut cultivars (ZH9, KQBH, HP). A total of 103 metabolites, including 34 lipid compounds, were putatively identified by MALDI-MSI. The abundance and spatial distribution of glycerolipids (GLs) and glycerophospholipids (GPs) were compared among the three peanut cultivars. All the identified lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were distributed mainly in the inner part of seeds. The visualization of phosphatidic acids (PAs) and triacylglycerols (TGs) revealed a dramatic metabolic heterogeneity between the different tissues making up the seed. The non-homogeneous spatial distribution of metabolites appeared to be related to the different functions of particular tissue regions. These results indicated that MALDI-MSI could be useful for investigating the lipids of foodstuffs from a spatial perspective. The present study may contribute to the development of oil crops with higher oil yields, and to improvement of food processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11233888
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the Specific Mode of Action of a Chitin Deacetylase and Separation of the Partially Acetylated Chitosan Oligosaccharides
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2019-01-22), p. 74-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2019-01-22), p. 74-
    Abstract: Partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), which consists of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) residues, is a structurally complex biopolymer with a variety of biological activities. Therefore, it is challenging to elucidate acetylation patterns and the molecular structure-function relationship of COS. Herein, the detailed deacetylation pattern of chitin deacetylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ScCDA2, was studied. Which solves the randomization of acetylation patterns during COS produced by chemical. ScCDA2 also exhibits about 8% and 20% deacetylation activity on crystalline chitin and colloid chitin, respectively. Besides, a method for separating and detecting partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) system has been developed, which is fast and convenient, and can be monitored online. Mass spectrometry sequencing revealed that ScCDA2 produced COS with specific acetylation patterns of DAAA, ADAA, AADA, DDAA, DADA, ADDA and DDDA, respectively. ScCDA2 does not deacetylate the GlcNAc unit that is closest to the reducing end of the oligomer furthermore ScCDA2 has a multiple-attack deacetylation mechanism on chitin oligosaccharides. This specific mode of action significantly enriches the existing limited library of chitin deacetylase deacetylation patterns. This fully defined COS may be used in the study of COS structure and function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17020074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Dysphagia and Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 1812-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 1812-
    Abstract: Background: Increasing bodies of epidemiological evidence indicate potential associations between dysphagia and the risk of frailty in older adults. We hypothesized that older adults with symptoms of dysphagia might have a higher prevalence of frailty or prefrailty than those without dysphagia. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies published through 20 April 2022. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that examined the associations between dysphagia and the existence of frailty or prefrailty in community-dwelling, facility-dwelling, or hospitalized adults aged 50 years or older were synthesized. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate study quality. Results: The meta-analysis comprised 12 cohorts, including 5,503,543 non-frailty participants and 735,303 cases of frailty or prefrailty. Random-effect meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between dysphagia and the risk of frailty and prefrailty (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.51–4.20). In addition, we observed consistent results across the subgroups and heterogeneity assessments. Conclusions: We propose including dysphagia assessment as a critical factor in the cumulative deficit model for identifying frailty in older adults. Understanding dysphagia and the potential role of nutritional supplements in older adults may lead to improved strategies for preventing, delaying, or mitigating frailty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14091812
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Two Novel Peanut Genotypes Resistant to Aflatoxin Production and Their SNP Markers Associated with Resistance
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-01), p. 156-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-01), p. 156-
    Abstract: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) are the most common aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus in peanuts, with high carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. Identification of DNA markers associated with resistance to aflatoxin production is likely to offer breeders efficient tools to develop resistant cultivars through molecular breeding. In this study, seeds of 99 accessions of a Chinese peanut mini-mini core collection were investigated for their reaction to aflatoxin production by a laboratory kernel inoculation assay. Two resistant accessions (Zh.h0551 and Zh.h2150) were identified, with their aflatoxin content being 8.11%–18.90% of the susceptible control. The 99 peanut accessions were also genotyped by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 60 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers associated with aflatoxin production were detected, and they explained 16.87%–31.70% of phenotypic variation (PVE), with SNP02686 and SNP19994 possessing 31.70% and 28.91% PVE, respectively. Aflatoxin contents of accessions with “AG” (existed in Zh.h0551 and Zh.h2150) and “GG” genotypes of either SNP19994 or SNP02686 were significantly lower than that of “AA” genotypes in the mean value of a three-year assay. The resistant accessions and molecular markers identified in this study are likely to be helpful for deployment in aflatoxin resistance breeding in peanuts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030156
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contrasting Water Use, Stomatal Regulation, Embolism Resistance, and Drought Responses of Two Co-Occurring Mangroves
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-15), p. 1945-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-15), p. 1945-
    Abstract: The physiological mechanisms underlying drought responses are poorly documented in mangroves, which experience nearly constant exposure to saline water. We measured gas exchange, foliar abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and vulnerability to embolism in a soil water-withholding experiment of two co-occurring mangroves, Avicennia marina (Forsskål) Vierhapper (Verbenaceae) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny (Rhizophoraceae). A. marina showed higher photosynthesis and transpiration than B. gymnorrhiza under well-watered conditions. Cavitation resistance differed significantly between species, with 50% cavitation occurring at a water potential (P50) of −8.30 MPa for A. marina and −2.83 MPa for B. gymnorrhiza. This large difference in cavitation resistance was associated with differences in stomatal closure and leaf wilting. The rapid stomatal closure of B. gymnorrhiza was correlated with ABA accumulation as water potential declined. Meanwhile, stomatal closure and declining water potentials in A. marina were not associated with ABA accumulation. The safety margins, calculated as the difference between stomatal closure and embolism spread, differed between these two species (1.59 MPa for A. marina vs. 0.52 MPa for B. gymnorrhiza). Therefore, A. marina adopts a drought tolerance strategy with high cavitation resistance, while B. gymnorrhiza uses a drought avoidance-like strategy with ABA-related sensitive stomatal control to protect its vulnerable xylem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13141945
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combined Retrievals of Turbidity from Sentinel-2A/B and Landsat-8/9 in the Taihu Lake through Machine Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 17 ( 2023-09-02), p. 4333-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 17 ( 2023-09-02), p. 4333-
    Abstract: Lakes play a crucial role in the earth’s ecosystems and human activities. While turbidity is not a direct biochemical indicator of lake water quality, it is relatively easy to measure and indicates trophic status and lake health. Although ocean color satellites have been widely used to monitor water color parameters, their coarse spatial resolution makes it hard to capture the fine spatial variability of turbidity in lakes. The combination of Sentinel-2 and Landsat provides an opportunity to monitor lake turbidity with high spatial and temporal resolution. This study aims to generate consistent turbidity products in Taihu Lake from 2018 to 2022 using the Multispectral Instrument (MSI) on board Sentinel-2A/B and the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on board Landsat-8/9. We first tested the performance of three atmospheric correction methods to retrieve consistent reflectance from MSI and OLI images. We found that the Rayleigh correction and a subtraction of the SWIR band from Rayleigh-corrected reflectance can generate the most consistent reflectance (the coefficient of determination (R2) 〉 0.84, the mean absolution percentage error (MAPE) 〈 7%, the median error (ME) 〈 0.0035, and slope 〉 0.92). Machine learning models outperformed an existing semi-analytical retrieval algorithm in retrieving turbidity (MSI: R2 = 0.92, MAPE = 18.78%, and OLI: R2 = 0.93, MAPE = 16.20%). The consistency of turbidity from the same-day MSI and OLI images was also satisfactory (N = 3110 and MAPE = 26.48%). The distribution of turbidity exhibited obvious spatial and seasonal variability in Taihu Lake from 2018 to 2022. The results show the potential of MSI and OLI when combined to monitor inland lake water quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15174333
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    High-Density Horizontal Stacking of Chondrocytes via the Synergy of Biocompatible Magnetic Gelatin Nanocarriers and Internal Magnetic Navigation for Enhancing Cartilage Repair
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-19), p. 809-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-19), p. 809-
    Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a globally occurring articular cartilage degeneration disease that adversely affects both the physical and mental well-being of the patient, including limited mobility. One major pathological characteristic of OA is primarily related to articular cartilage defects resulting from abrasion and catabolic and proinflammatory mediators in OA joints. Although cell therapy has hitherto been regarded as a promising treatment for OA, the therapeutic effects did not meet expectations due to the outflow of implanted cells. Here, we aimed to explore the repair effect of magnetized chondrocytes using magnetic amphiphilic-gelatin nanocarrier (MAGNC) to enhance cellular anchored efficiency and cellular magnetic guidance (MG) toward the superficial zone of damaged cartilage. The results of in vitro experiments showed that magnetized chondrocytes could be rapidly guided along the magnetic force line to form cellular amassment. Furthermore, the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif of gelatin in MAGNC could integrate the interaction among cells to form cellular stacking. In addition, MAGNCs upregulated the gene expression of collagen II (Col II), aggrecan, and downregulated that of collagen I (Col I) to reduce cell dedifferentiation. In animal models, the magnetized chondrocytes can be guided into the superficial zone with the interaction between the internal magnetic field and MAGNC to form cellular stacking. In vivo results showed that the intensity of N-sulfated-glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and Col II in the group of magnetized cells with magnetic guiding was higher than that in the other groups. Furthermore, smooth closure of OA cartilage defects was observed in the superficial zone after 8 weeks of implantation. The study revealed the significant potential of MAGNC in promoting the high-density stacking of chondrocytes into the cartilage surface and retaining the biological functions of implanted chondrocytes for OA cartilage repair.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14040809
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2016-02-06), p. 199-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2016-02-06), p. 199-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    High Operating Temperature InAs/GaSb Superlattice Based Mid Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors Grown by MOCVD
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Photonics Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2021-12-10), p. 564-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2021-12-10), p. 564-
    Abstract: High operating temperature mid-wavelength InAs/GaSb superlattice infrared photodetectors with a single heterojunction structure grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition are reported. By inserting a fully-depleted wider-gap barrier layer between the absorber and the p-contact, “diffusion-limited” behavior has been achieved for the heterojunction “PNn” device, in contrast to the conventional pin homojunction device. The PNn device with a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.5 μm exhibited a dark current of 2.05 × 10−4 A/cm2 and a peak specific detectivity of 1.28 × 1011 cm·Hz·W−1 at 150 K and a reverse bias of −0.1 V.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120564
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    A Stable PDLC Film with High Ageing Resistance from an Optimized System Containing Rigid Monomer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2023-02-16), p. 1887-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 2023-02-16), p. 1887-
    Abstract: With the switchability between transparent and light-scattering states, polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) are widely used as smart windows, flexible display devices, projectors, and other devices. In outdoor applications, in addition to excellent electro-optical properties, there is also a high demand for film stability. In this work, a PDLC film with high mechanical strength and structural stability is prepared that can maintain stability at 80 °C for 2000 h. By choosing liquid crystals with a wide temperature range, adopting acrylate polymer monomers containing hydroxyl groups, and adjusting the polymer content, the PDLC film can work well from −20 °C to 80 °C. On this basis, the effects of the introduction of rigid monomers on the mechanical properties and electro-optical properties of PDLC films are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041887
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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