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  • MDPI AG  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Past Experience, Motivation, Attitude, and Satisfaction: A Comparison between Locals and Tourists for Taihu Lake International Cherry Blossom Festival
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 1608-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 1608-
    Abstract: Although urban forests are important components of the urban tourism system, research on urban forests from the perspective of tourism is limited. This is particularly true for research on cherry blossom festivals held in urban areas in the context of China. This paper, for the first time, examined the similarities and differences between locals and tourists in their past experience, motivation, attitude, satisfaction, and loyalty as well as the interrelationships among these variables as they relate to the Taihu Lake International Cherry Blossom Festival (TLICBF) in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China, based on data collected onsite in 2019 from 412 usable questionnaires. Results show that responses from locals and tourists were quite similar. Moreover, TLICBF attendees’ motivation of attending the festival significantly influenced their attitudes toward the festival, which significantly predicted their overall satisfaction with the festival. It is worth noting that it is the positive comparison, not the frequency of visits, that significantly influenced TLICBF attendees’ attitudes toward and overall satisfaction with the festival. In addition, motivations and benefits were also qualitatively examined, with a measure of 21 items for the former and 25 items for the latter being developed. Research implications, research limitations, and future research needs are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13101608
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controllable Formation and Real-Time Characterization of Single Microdroplets Using Optical Tweezers
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 1693-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 1693-
    Abstract: Existing preparation methods for microdroplets usually require offline measurements to characterize single microdroplets. Here, we report an optical method used to facilitate the controllable formation and real-time characterization of single microdroplets. The optical tweezer technique was used to capture and form a microdroplet at the center of the trap. The controllable growth and real-time characterization of the microdroplet was realized, respectively, by adjusting experimental parameters and by resolving the Raman spectra by fitting Mie scattering to the spike positions of the spectra during the controllable growth of microdroplets. The proposed method can be potentially applied in optical microlenses and virus detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13101693
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Progresses on Vanadium Sulfide Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 917-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 917-
    Abstract: Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered one of the promising large-scale energy storage devices of the future because of their high energy density, simple preparation process, efficient and safe discharge process, abundant zinc reserves, and low cost. However, the development of cathode materials with high capacity and stable structure has become one of the key elements to further development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Vanadium-based compounds, as one of the cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, have various structures and high reversible capacities. Among them, vanadium-based sulfides have higher academic ability, better electrochemical activity, lower ion diffusion potential barrier, and a faster ion diffusion rate. As a result, vanadium-based sulfides have received extensive attention and research. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of vanadium-based sulfides applied in aqueous zinc-ion batteries, highlighting their effective strategies for designing optimized electrochemical performance and the underlying electrochemical mechanisms. Finally, an overview is provided of current vanadium-based sulfides and their prospects, and other perspectives on vanadium-based sulfide cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16020917
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Energy-Efficient Flexible Multi-Modal Wireless Sweat Sensing System Based on Laser Induced Graphene
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2023-05-17), p. 4818-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 10 ( 2023-05-17), p. 4818-
    Abstract: Real-time sweat monitoring is vital for athletes in order to reflect their physical conditions, quantify their exercise loads, and evaluate their training results. Therefore, a multi-modal sweat sensing system with a patch-relay-host topology was developed, which consisted of a wireless sensor patch, a wireless data relay, and a host controller. The wireless sensor patch can monitor the lactate, glucose, K+, and Na+ concentrations in real-time. The data is forwarded via a wireless data relay through Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology and it is finally available on the host controller. Meanwhile, existing enzyme sensors in sweat-based wearable sports monitoring systems have limited sensitivities. To improve their sensitivities, this paper proposes a dual enzyme sensing optimization strategy and demonstrates Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG)-based sweat sensors decorated with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT). Manufacturing an entire LIG array takes less than one minute and costs about 0.11 yuan in materials, making it suitable for mass production. The in vitro test result showed sensitivities of 0.53 μA/mM and 3.9 μA/mM for lactate and glucose sensing, and 32.5 mV/decade and 33.2 mV/decade for K+ and Na+ sensing, respectively. To demonstrate the ability to characterize personal physical fitness, an ex vivo sweat analysis test was also performed. Overall, the high-sensitivity lactate enzyme sensor based on SWCNT/LIG can meet the requirements of sweat-based wearable sports monitoring systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23104818
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Facile Synthesis of Sea-Urchin-like VN as High-Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2023-06-20), p. 4816-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2023-06-20), p. 4816-
    Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are still the main theme of the contemporary market. Commercial graphite has struggled to meet the demand of high energy density for various electronic products due to its low theoretical capacity. Therefore, exploring for a new anode with high capacity is important. Vanadium nitride has attracted widespread attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity and good chemical/thermal stability. However, vanadium nitride is accompanied by huge volume expansion and nanoparticle agglomeration during the electrochemical reaction, which limits its application. Herein, sea-urchin-like vanadium nitride (SUK-VN) was successfully prepared with a simple hydrothermal method combined with an annealing strategy to boost the actual capacity of the vanadium nitride. The special sea-urchin-like morphology effectively suppresses the agglomeration of vanadium nitride nanoparticles and exposes more reactive sites, which facilitates the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. In the half-cells, sea-urchin-like vanadium nitride exhibits a specific capacity of 361.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 60 cycles, and even still achieves a specific capacity of 164.5 with a Coulomb efficiency of approximately 99.9% at 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles. Such a strategy provides the potential to enhance the electrochemical properties of vanadium nitride anodes in terms of solving the nanoparticle agglomeration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16124816
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Street Canyon Level Air Pollution Distribution Pattern in a Typical City Block in Baoding, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-22), p. 10432-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-22), p. 10432-
    Abstract: Urban traffic pollution, which is strongly influenced by the complex urban morphology, has posed a great threat to human health. In this study, we performed a high-resolution simulation of traffic pollution in a typical city block in Baoding, China, based on the Parallelized Large-eddy simulation Model (PALM), to examine the distribution patterns of traffic-related pollutants and explore their relationship with urban morphology. Based on the model results, we conducted a multi-linear regression (MLR) analysis and found that the distribution of air pollutants inside the city block was dominated by both traffic emissions and urban morphology, which explained about 70% of the total variance in spatial distribution of air pollutants. Excluding the contribution of emissions, over 50% of the total variance can still be explained by the urban morphology. Among these urban morphological factors, the key factors determining the spatial distribution of air pollution are “Distance from the road” (DR), “Building Coverage Ratio” (BCR) and “Aspect Ratio” (H/W) of the street canyon. Specifically, urban areas with lower Aspect Ratio, lower BCR and larger DR are less affected by traffic pollution. Compiling these individual factors, we developed a complex Urban Morphology Pollution Index (UMPI). Each unit increase in UMPI is associated with a one percent increase of nearby traffic pollution contribution. This index can help urban planners to semi-quantitatively evaluate building groups which tend to trap or ventilate traffic pollution and thus help to reduce human exposure to street canyon level pollution through either traffic emission control or urban morphology amelioration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610432
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Downregulation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is essential for the Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Genes Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2016-10-03), p. 83-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2016-10-03), p. 83-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes7100083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonlinear Strength Reduction Method of Rock Mass in Slope Stability Evaluation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2023-03-31), p. 2793-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2023-03-31), p. 2793-
    Abstract: As the strength parameters of rock mass degrade differently during slope instability, different factors should be considered in the strength reduction method. Previous nonlinear reduction methods were essentially implemented based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, which was reported not to reflect the nonlinear performance of rock mass. To address this deficiency, in this study, the Hoek–Brown criterion was combined with a nonlinear reduction technique for slope stability evaluation. Firstly, based on the classical definition of safety factors, the relationships that should be satisfied by each parameter of the critical slope were derived. The critical curve of the slope regarding the Hoek–Brown constant mb and the uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass σcmass was then obtained. On the assumption that the slope parameter deterioration conforms to the shortest path theory, the reduction ratio of σcmass to mb was determined. The more objective k-means algorithm was employed to automatically search the potential sliding surface, on which the slope safety factor was calculated as the ratio of sliding resistance to sliding force. Finally, the slopes in published literature were adopted for verification, and the calculated safety factors were compared with those by other methods, which showed better efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16072793
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving Ponzi Scheme Contract Detection Using Multi-Channel TextCNN and Transformer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2021-09-26), p. 6417-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2021-09-26), p. 6417-
    Abstract: With the development of blockchain technologies, many Ponzi schemes disguise themselves under the veil of smart contracts. The Ponzi scheme contracts cause serious financial losses, which has a bad effect on the blockchain. Existing Ponzi scheme contract detection studies have mainly focused on extracting hand-crafted features and training a machine learning classifier to detect Ponzi scheme contracts. However, the hand-crafted features cannot capture the structural and semantic feature of the source code. Therefore, in this study, we propose a Ponzi scheme contract detection method called MTCformer (Multi-channel Text Convolutional Neural Networks and Transofrmer). In order to reserve the structural information of the source code, the MTCformer first converts the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) of the smart contract code to the specially formatted code token sequence via the Structure-Based Traversal (SBT) method. Then, the MTCformer uses multi-channel TextCNN (Text Convolutional Neural Networks) to learn local structural and semantic features from the code token sequence. Next, the MTCformer employs the Transformer to capture the long-range dependencies of code tokens. Finally, a fully connected neural network with a cost-sensitive loss function in the MTCformer is used for classification. The experimental results show that the MTCformer is superior to the state-of-the-art methods and its variants in Ponzi scheme contract detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21196417
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Study on the Comparison between Network Microstructure Titanium Matrix Composites and Ti6Al4V on EDM Milling
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Materials Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2024-05-11), p. 2282-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2024-05-11), p. 2282-
    Abstract: Network microstructure titanium matrix composites (NMTMCs), featuring Ti6Al4V as the matrix and network-distributed TiB whiskers (TiBw) as reinforcement, exhibit remarkable potential for diverse applications due to their superior physical properties. Due to the difficulty in machining titanium matrix composites, electrical discharge machining (EDM) stands as one of the preferred machining techniques for NMTMCs. Nevertheless, the compromised surface quality and the recast layer significantly impact the performance of the workpiece machined by EDM. Therefore, for the purpose of enhancing the surface quality and restraining the defects of NMTMCs, this study conducted comparative EDM milling experiments between NMTMCs and Ti6Al4V to analyze the effects of discharge capacitance, charging current, and pulse interval on the surface roughness, recast layer thickness, recast layer uniformity, and surface microcrack density of both materials. The results indicated that machining energy significantly influences workpiece surface quality. Furthermore, comparative experiments exploring the influence of network reinforcement on EDM milling revealed that NMTMCs have a higher melting point, leading to an accumulation phenomenon in low-energy machining where the reinforcement could not be completely removed. The residual reinforcement in the recasting layer had an adsorption effect on molten metal affecting the thermal conductivity and uniformity within the recasting layer. Finally, specific guidelines are put forward for optimizing the material’s surface roughness, recast layer thickness, and uniformity, along with minimizing microcrack density, which attain a processing effect that features a roughness of Ra 0.9 μm, an average recast layer thickness of 6 μm with a range of 8 μm, and a surface microcrack density of 0.08 μm−1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma17102282
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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