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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breakthrough to Non-Vacuum Deposition of Single-Crystal, Ultra-Thin, Homogeneous Nanoparticle Layers: A Better Alternative to Chemical Bath Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2017-04-06), p. 78-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2017-04-06), p. 78-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano7040078
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
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    Development of a Prediction Model for Colorectal Cancer among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Deep Neural Network
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2018-09-12), p. 277-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2018-09-12), p. 277-
    Abstract: Objectives: Observational studies suggested that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presented a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aims to create a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the onset of CRC for patients with T2DM. Methods: We employed the national health insurance database of Taiwan to create predictive models for detecting an increased risk of subsequent CRC development in T2DM patients in Taiwan. We identified a total of 1,349,640 patients between 2000 and 2012 with newly diagnosed T2DM. All the available possible risk factors for CRC were also included in the analyses. The data were split into training and test sets with 97.5% of the patients in the training set and 2.5% of the patients in the test set. The deep neural network (DNN) model was optimized using Adam with Nesterov’s accelerated gradient descent. The recall, precision, F1 values, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate predictor performance. Results: The F1, precision, and recall values of the DNN model across all data were 0.931, 0.982, and 0.889, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the DNN model across all data was 0.738, compared to the ideal value of 1. The metrics indicate that the DNN model appropriately predicted CRC. In contrast, a single variable predictor using adapted the Diabetes Complication Severity Index showed poorer performance compared to the DNN model. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the DNN model is an appropriate tool to predict CRC risk in patients with T2DM in Taiwan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090277
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Nanopiezoelectric Devices for Energy Generation Based on ZnO Nanorods/Flexible-Conjugated Copolymer Hybrids Using All Wet-Coating Processes
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 14-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 14-
    Abstract: In this study, nanopiezoelectric devices based on ZnO nanorod array/conducting polymers are fabricated for wearable power generation application. To replace the inorganic rigid indium-tin oxide (ITO) conducting coating commonly used in the nanogenerator devices, a series of flexible polyaniline-based conducting copolymers underlying the perpendicularly-oriented ZnO nanorod arrays has been synthesized with improved electric conductivity by the copolymerization of aniline and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers in order to optimize the piezoelectric current collection efficiency of the devices. It is found that significantly higher conductivity can be obtained by small addition of EDOT monomer into aniline monomer solution using an in-situ oxidative polymerization method for the synthesis of the copolymer coatings. The highest conductivity of aniline-rich copolymer is 65 S/cm, which is 2.5 times higher than that for homopolymer polyaniline coating. Subsequently, perpendicularly-oriented ZnO nanorod arrays are fabricated on the polyaniline-based copolymer substrates via a ZnO nanoparticle seeded hydrothermal fabrication process. The surface morphology, crystallinity, orientation, and crystal size of the synthesized ZnO nanorod arrays are fully examined with various synthesis parameters for copolymer coatings with different monomer compositions. It is found that piezoelectric current generated from the devices is at least five times better for the device with improved electric conductivity of the copolymer and the dense formation of ZnO nanorod arrays on the coating. Therefore, these results demonstrate the advantage of using flexible π-conjugated copolymer films with enhanced conductivity to further improve piezoelectric performance for future wearable energy harvesting application based on all wet chemical coating processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi11010014
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Water-Extracted Ganoderma lucidum Induces Apoptosis and S-Phase Arrest via Cyclin-CDK2 Pathway in Glioblastoma Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 16 ( 2020-08-06), p. 3585-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 16 ( 2020-08-06), p. 3585-
    Abstract: Glioblastoma is one of the most common and most aggressive brain cancers. The current treatment is mainly surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but the results are not satisfactory. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), also called “Lingzhi”, is a medicinal mushroom that has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of numerous diseases, including cancer. However, whether it is effective for treating cancer is still unclear. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of a water extract of G. lucidum was investigated using brain tumor cells. We used an analysis of cell viability, flow cytometry, the IncuCyte live-cell analysis system, and Western blotting to study its effects. The water extract from G. lucidum inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase via the cyclin-CDK2 pathway in human brain tumor cells. In addition, the G. lucidum extract significantly inhibited cell migration and mesenchymal marker expression based on the IncuCyte live-cell assay and qRT-PCR analysis. In summary, these anti-tumor effects in brain tumor cells suggest that G. lucidum may be useful for treating brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163585
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Effects of Praeruptorin C on Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer through Inactivating ERK/CTSD Signalling Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 1625-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 1625-
    Abstract: Praeruptorin C (PC) reportedly has beneficial effects in terms of antiinflammation, antihypertension, and antiplatelet aggregation, and it potentially has anticancer activity. However, the effect of PC on human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely unknown. Compared with the effects of praeruptorin A and praeruptorin B, we observed that PC significantly suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, wound closure, and migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. It induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, downregulated cyclin D1 protein, and upregulated p21 protein. PC also significantly reduced the expression of cathepsin D (CTSD). In addition, the phosphorylation/activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway was significantly suppressed in PC-treated NSCLC cells. Cotreatment with PC and U0126 synergistically inhibited CTSD expression, cell migration, and cell invasion, which suggests that the ERK1/2 signalling pathway is involved in the downregulation of CTSD expression and invasion activity of NSCLC cells by PC. These findings are the first to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of PC in NSCLC progression. Therefore, PC may represent a novel strategy for treating NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071625
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Risk of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2656-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2656-
    Abstract: Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), a global health problem, is typically caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The reactivation of VZV can be caused by stress. We investigated whether pulmonary TB increases the risk of HZ development. Methods: This study used data that sampled a population of 2 million people in 2000 from the National Health Insurance Research Database. This cohort study observed Taiwanese patients aged 20–100 years with pulmonary TB from 2000 to 2017 (tracked to 2018). Pulmonary TB was defined as having two or more outpatient diagnoses or at least one admission record. To address potential bias caused by confounding factors, the control cohort and pulmonary TB cohort were matched 1:1 by age, gender, index year, and comorbidities. Patients with HZ before the index date were excluded. Results: A total of 30,805 patients were in the pulmonary TB and control cohorts. The incidence rate of HZ in pulmonary TB and control cohorts were 12.00 and 9.66 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The risk of HZ in the pulmonary TB cohort (adjusted hazard ratios = 1.23; 95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.30) was significantly higher than that of in control cohort. Among patients without comorbidities, the patients with TB were 1.28-fold more likely to have HZ than those without TB. Conclusion: Patients with TB should be well treated to avoid the potential risk of HZ occurrence. Although we identified the association between pulmonary TB and HZ, further studies are needed to confirm the result.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032656
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
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    Platinum Plus Tegafur–Uracil versus Platinum Alone during Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Nonmetastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Propensity-Score-Matching Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-17), p. 4511-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-17), p. 4511-
    Abstract: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with a cisplatin-based regimen is the standard treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our study was a propensity-score-matching analysis and it aimed to investigate the oncologic outcomes of platinum plus tegafur–uracil versus platinum alone during CCRT in patient with nonmetastatic NPC. Patients with pathologic confirmed NPC in 2018–2022 were reviewed. Patients treated with platinum plus tegafur–uracil (CCRT-UP) or platinum alone (CCRT-P) during CCRT were recruited into this study. A propensity-score-matching analysis was conducted to diminish the selection bias. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were presented with Kaplan–Meier curves. The treatment-related adverse effects (AEs) were recorded according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria V3.0. A total of 44 patients with CCRT-UP and 44 patients with CCRT-P were identified after propensity score matching. The median RFS was not reached (NR) in the CCRT-UP group, and it was 12.5 months in the CCRT-P group (p 〈 0.001). The median OS was NR in the CCRT-UP group, and it was 15.9 months in the CCRT-P group (p 〈 0.001). The overall response rate and disease-control rate were insignificant between the CCRT-UP and CCRT-P groups. A subgroup analysis showed that the median OS was significantly longer in the CCRT-UP group than in the CCRT-P group, regardless of the clinical stage. A multivariate analysis exhibited that CCRT-UP was independently correlated with survival. The grade 3–4 AEs were insignificant between the CCRT-UP and CCRT-P arms. CCRT-UP had better RFS and OS in nonmetastatic NPC patients with similar toxic profiles. Further larger-scaled prospective randomized control trials are warranted to validate our conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 8
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    Treatment Sequences in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Cetuximab Followed by Immunotherapy or Vice Versa
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-10), p. 2351-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-10), p. 2351-
    Abstract: Background: The prognosis was poor when patients had recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). Herein, we conducted an observational study of cetuximab followed by immunotherapy (Cet-IO) versus immunotherapy followed by cetuximab (IO-Cet) in patients with R/M HNSCC. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with R/M HNSCC and treated with a sequential cetuximab-containing regimen and immunotherapy-containing regimen were enrolled in our study. Kaplan-Meier curves were estimated for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 75 patients were enrolled in our study for oncologic outcomes evaluation, with 40 patients in Cet-IO and 35 patients in IO-Cet. The median PFS1 was 5.1 months in Cet-IO and 4.5 months in IO-Cet (p = 0.777) and the median PFS2 was 16.5 months in Cet-IO and 11.4 months in IO-Cet (p = 0.566). The median OS was 23.7 months versus 22.8 months in Cet-IO and IO-Cet, respectively (p = 0.484). The overall response rate (ORR) were 73% in Cet-IO versus 37% in IO-Cet (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the treatment sequences, Cet-IO or IO-Cet, were insignificantly different with survival. Conclusion: Both Cet-IO and IO-Cet are effective in R/M HNSCC patients with insignificant survival differences. The higher ORR of Cet-IO might render it to be considered in patients with large tumor burdens and urgent needs for treatment responses. Further prospective studies are merited to validate our conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102351
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Coffee Intake and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-06-05), p. 1274-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-06-05), p. 1274-
    Abstract: Many studies have explored the relationship between coffee—one of the most commonly consumed beverages today—and obesity. Despite inconsistent results, the relationship has not been systematically summarized. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis by compiling data from 12 epidemiologic studies identified from PubMed and Embase through February 2019. The included studies assessed obesity by body mass index (BMI, a measure of overall adiposity) or waist circumference (WC, a measure of central adiposity); analyzed the measure as a continuous outcome or binary outcome. Using random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for continuous outcomes; summary relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for the highest vs. lowest categories of coffee intake were estimated for binary outcome. For BMI, WMD was −0.08 (95% CI −0.14, −0.02); RR was 1.49 (95% CI 0.97, 2.29). For WC, WMD was −0.27 (95% CI −0.51, −0.02) and RR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.84, 1.36). In subgroup analysis by sex, evidence for an inverse association was more evident in men, specifically for continuous outcome, with WMD −0.05 (95% CI −0.09, −0.02) for BMI and −0.21 (95% CI −0.35, −0.08) for WC. Our meta-analysis suggests that higher coffee intake might be modestly associated with reduced adiposity, particularly in men.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11061274
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Maternal–Neonatal Outcomes of Obstetric Deliveries Performed in Negative Pressure Isolation Rooms during the COVID-19 Omicron Variant Pandemic in Taiwan: A Retrospective Cohort Study of a Single Institution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 5441-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 5441-
    Abstract: Objective: To investigate the maternal–neonatal outcomes of obstetric deliveries performed in negative pressure isolated delivery rooms (NPIDRs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) omicron variant pandemic period in a single tertiary center in northern Taiwan. Methods: Confirmed positive and suspected-positive COVID-19 cases delivered in NPIDRs and COVID-19-negative mothers delivered in conventional delivery rooms (CDRs) in the period of 1 May 2022 to 31 May 2022 during the COVID-19 omicron variant pandemic stage were reviewed. The maternal–neonatal outcomes between the two groups of mothers were analyzed. All deliveries were performed following the obstetric and neonatologic protocols conforming to the epidemic prevention regulations promulgated by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (T-CDC). Multiple gestations, deliveries at gestational age below 34 weeks, and major fetal anomalies were excluded from this study. Results: A total of 213 obstetric deliveries were included. Forty-five deliveries were performed in NPIDRs due to a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (n = 41) or suspected COVID-19 positive status (n = 4). One hundred and sixty-eight deliveries with negative COVID-19 PCR tests were performed in CDRs. There was no statistical difference in maternal characteristics between the two groups of pregnant women. All COVID-19-confirmed cases either presented with mild upper-airway symptoms (78%) or were asymptomatic (22%); none of these cases developed severe acute respiratory syndrome. The total rate of cesarean section was not statistically different between obstetric deliveries in NPIDRs and in CDRs (38.1% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.82, respectively). Regardless of delivery modes, poorer short-term perinatal outcomes were observed in obstetric deliveries in NPIDRs: there were significant higher rates of neonatal respiratory distress (37.8% vs. 10.7%, p 〈 0.001, respectively), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (22.2% vs. 4.2%, p 〈 0.001, respectively) and newborn intensive care unit admission (55.6% vs. 8.3%, p 〈 0.001, respectively) in obstetric deliveries performed in NPIDRs than in CDRs. Maternal surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups of patients. There was no vertical transmission or nosocomial infection observed in COVID-19 confirmed cases in this study period. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that obstetric deliveries for positive and suspected COVID-19 omicron-variant cases performed in NPIDRs are associated with poorer short-term perinatal outcomes. Reasonable use of personal protective equipment in NPIDRs could effectively prevent nosocomial infection during obstetric deliveries for pregnant women infected with the COVID-19 omicron variant.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185441
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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