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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metformin Attenuates Osteoporosis in Diabetic Patients with Carcinoma in Situ: A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-02), p. 2839-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-02), p. 2839-
    Abstract: Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of cancer development and osteoporosis. Metformin is an effective agent for diabetes management. Epidemiological studies have identified an association between metformin use and cancer prevention. This article outlines the potential for metformin to attenuate the rate of osteoporosis in diabetic patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS). From the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, 7827 patients with diabetes with CIS who were receiving metformin therapy were selected, along with 23,481 patients as 1:3 sex-, age- and index year-matched controls, who were not receiving metformin therapy. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to compare the rate of osteoporosis during an average of 15-year follow-up. Of the subjects who were enrolled, 801 (2.56%) had osteoporosis, including 168 from the metformin group (2.15%) and 633 from the without metformin group (2.70%). The metformin group presented a lower rate of osteoporosis at the end of follow-up (p = 0.009). The Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed a lower rate of osteoporosis for the metformin group (adjusted hazard ratio of 0.820; 95% confidence interval = 0.691–0.972, p = 0.022). Diabetic patients with CIS under metformin therapy presented lower osteoporosis rate than those who were not receiving metformin therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092839
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low-Dose Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Individuals: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials and Trial Sequential Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-05-05), p. 609-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2019-05-05), p. 609-
    Abstract: Background: Evidence of low-dose aspirin as the primary prevention strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes are unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in diabetes. Methods: We collected randomized controlled trials of low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of CVD in adults with diabetes lasting at least 12 months from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to 10 November 2018. Two reviewers extracted data and appraised the reporting quality according to a predetermined protocol (CRD4201811830). This review was conducted using Cochrane standards, trial sequential analysis, and the Grading of Recommendation. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemia stroke, and cardiovascular death) and an incidence of major hemorrhage (major intracranial hemorrhage and major gastrointestinal bleeding). Results: In this primary prevention (number = 29,814 participants) meta-analysis, low-dose aspirin use reduced the risk of MACE by 9% and increased the risk of major hemorrhage by 24%. The benefits were only observed in subjects of age ≥ 60 years while reducing the same risk of MACE. In efficacy, it reduced the risk of stroke but not myocardial infarction. No increase in all-cause mortality or cardiovascular death was observed. Conclusions: We suggested the use of low-dose aspirin as the primary prevention strategy for CVD in diabetes, particularly in an older population. The absolute benefits were largely counterbalanced by the bleeding hazard.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050609
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Lachnum abnorme from Ardisia cornudentata
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2016-09-08), p. 1512-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2016-09-08), p. 1512-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091512
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Association between the Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Dementia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-02-29), p. 660-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-02-29), p. 660-
    Abstract: Study Objectives: Diabetes mellitus per se and its related therapy have been frequently associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. However, studies that explored the risk of dementia from the use of the novel oral antidiabetic medication dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) have been limited, especially in Asian populations. The present study aimed to determine the effect of DPP-4i on the subsequent risk of dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Taiwan. Methods: This study utilized data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2008 and 2015. We enrolled 2903 patients aged ≥50 years, who were on DPP-4i for a diagnosis of T2D and had no dementia. A total of 11,612 subjects were included and compared with a propensity score-matched control group who did not use DPP-4i (non-DPP-4i group). Survival analysis was performed to estimate and compare the risk of dementia—including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other dementia types—between the two groups. Results: Both groups had a mean age of 68 years, had a preponderance of women (61.8%), and were followed up for a mean duration of 7 years. The risk of all-cause dementia was significantly lower in the DPP-4i group than in the non-DPP-4i group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.798; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.681–0.883; p 〈 0.001), with a class effect. This trend was particularly observed for vascular dementia (HR 0.575; 95% CI 0.404–0.681; p 〈 0.001), but not in Alzheimer’s disease (HR 0.891; 95% CI 0.712–1.265; p = 0.297). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the preventive effect on dementia was positively correlated with the cumulative dose of DPP-4i. Conclusions: DPP-4i decreased the risk of dementia with a class effect, especially vascular dementia, but not in Alzheimer’s disease. Our results provide important information on the drug choice when managing patients with T2D in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Synovial Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization through the GRP78-NF-κB Signaling Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-03), p. 11917-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-03), p. 11917-
    Abstract: Recent evidence has suggested that synovial inflammation and macrophage polarization were involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Additionally, high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) was often used clinically to treat OA. GRP78, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress chaperone, was suggested to contribute to the hyperplasia of synovial cells in OA. However, it was still unclear whether HMW-HA affected macrophage polarization through GRP78. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effect of HMW-HA in primary synovial cells and macrophage polarization and to investigate the role of GRP78 signaling. We used IL-1β to treat primary synoviocytes to mimic OA, and then treated them with HMW-HA. We also collected conditioned medium (CM) to culture THP-1 macrophages and examine the changes in the phenotype. IL-1β increased the expression of GRP78, NF-κB (p65 phosphorylation), IL-6, and PGE2 in primary synoviocytes, accompanied by an increased macrophage M1/M2 polarization. GRP78 knockdown significantly reversed the expression of IL-1β-induced GRP78-related downstream molecules and macrophage polarization. HMW-HA with GRP78 knockdown had additive effects in an IL-1β culture. Finally, the synovial fluid from OA patients revealed significantly decreased IL-6 and PGE2 levels after the HMW-HA treatment. Our study elucidated a new form of signal transduction for HMW-HA-mediated protection against synovial inflammation and macrophage polarization and highlighted the involvement of the GRP78-NF-κB signaling pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111917
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Prospective Application of Partially Digested Autologous Chondrocyte for Meniscus Tissue Engineering
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-03-10), p. 605-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-03-10), p. 605-
    Abstract: Background: Meniscus tissue engineering has yet to achieve clinical application because it requires chondrogenic induction and in vitro cell expansion. Contrarily, cartilage engineering from autologous chondrocytes has been successfully applied in one-stage surgery. If the natural chondrogenic potential of meniscus cells can be demonstrated, meniscus tissue engineering would have more value in clinical settings. Materials and Methods: In total, 10 menisci and pieces of cartilage were obtained during total knee replacements. The tissues were collected for cell isolation and expansion. Their chondrogenic properties were examined by immunohistofluorescence and gene expression analyses. Results: In native cartilage, immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of collagen I, aggrecan, and traces of collagen I, whereas comparable staining was seen in the inner and middle meniscus. The presence of collagen I but the absence of collagen II and aggrecan were observed in the outer meniscus. In passage 2, chondrocytes showed the presence of collagen II and aggrecan, and the absence of vimentin. The vimentin and aggrecan staining were comparable in the inner and middle meniscus cells, whereas the outer cells showed only vimentin staining. In the gene expression analyses, the expressions of collagen II and aggrecan in the native chondrocyte and the inner and middle meniscus were higher than those of the cells from the outer meniscus, but they were not different in collagen I. In the passage 2 culture, chondrocytes had a higher expression of collagen II and aggrecan than the meniscus cells. Cells from the inner and middle areas had higher collagen II and aggrecan expression than those from the outer meniscus. Conclusion: Without chondrogenic induction, inner and middle meniscus cells possess a chondrogenic phenotype. Specifically, native meniscus cells exhibited more robust chondrogenic potential compared with those of the passage 2 monolayer culture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030605
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Iodine Nutritional Status of School Children in Nauru 2015
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2016-08-23), p. 520-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2016-08-23), p. 520-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu8090520
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
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    Prognostic Comparison between Oncotype DX® and a 23-Gene Classifier, RecurIndex®, on the Taiwan Breast Cancer Population
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 2850-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 2850-
    Abstract: The applicability of the Oncotype DX® (Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) recurrence score (RS) in Asian populations is unclear. A 23-gene classifier, RecurIndex® (Amwise Diagnostics, Pte. Ltd., Singapore), has been developed based on the gene expression profiles of early-stage breast cancer patients of ethnic Han Chinese population in Taiwan. This study aimed to compare the performance of the Oncotype DX® RS with the RecurIndex® recurrence index (RI) for predicting relapse-free survival. Therefore, we calculated both the RI and RS for 110 early stage breast cancer patients, with the cut-off value for high-risk recurrence set at 26 and 29 for the RS and the RI, respectively. With relapse-free interval (RFI) as the primary endpoint, the concordance between RS and RI was 78.2% (Kappa value = 0.297). For a median follow-up interval of 27 months, there was a statistically significant difference in RFI between the high- and low-risk groups defined by the RI (p = 0.04) but not between risk groups defined by the RS (p = 0.66). In conclusion, whereas there was high concordance between the RecurIndex® RI and the Oncotype DX RS, the current data showed that the RI had a better discrimination for recurrence risk than the RS. Subsequent studies with larger sample sizes will be needed to confirm the superiority of the RI over the RS in the Asian population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112850
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Probiotics Alleviate the Progressive Deterioration of Motor Functions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 206-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-01), p. 206-
    Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the common long-term degenerative disorders that primarily affect motor systems. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in individuals with PD and often present before motor symptoms. It has been found that gut dysbiosis to PD pathology is related to the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Probiotics have been reported to have the ability to improve the symptoms related to constipation in PD patients. However, the evidence from preclinical or clinical research to verify the beneficial effects of probiotics for the motor functions in PD is still limited. An experimental PD animal model could be helpful in exploring the potential therapeutic strategy using probiotics. In the current study, we examined whether daily and long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and whether it can further alleviate the motor dysfunctions in PD mice. Transgenic MitoPark PD mice were chosen for this study and the effects of daily probiotic treatment on gait, beam balance, motor coordination, and the degeneration levels of dopaminergic neurons were identified. From the results, compared with the sham treatment group, we found that the daily administration of probiotics significantly reduced the motor impairments in gait pattern, balance function, and motor coordination. Immunohistochemically, a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell in the substantia nigra was significantly preserved in the probiotic-treated PD mice. These results showed that long-term administration of probiotics has neuroprotective effects on dopamine neurons and further attenuates the deterioration of motor dysfunctions in MitoPark PD mice. Our data further highlighted the promising possibility of the potential use of probiotics, which could be the relevant approach for further application on human PD subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040206
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 10
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    A Novel Endodontic Approach in Removing Smear Layer Using Nano and Submicron Diamonds with Intracanal Oscillation Irrigation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-15), p. 1646-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-15), p. 1646-
    Abstract: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are commonly recommended for effectively removing organic and inorganic components in the smear layer. This layer is found on root canal walls after root canal instrumentation. However, high-concentration EDTA reduces the strength of dentin and the dissolution efficacy of organic substances in NaOCl solution. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of applying nano and submicron diamonds in irrigation solutions with sonic and ultrasonic oscillation for removing the smear layer during endodontic treatment. Extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with ProTaper® Gold (Dentsply Sirona) nickel–titanium rotary instruments. Subsequently, each canal was irrigated with 3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, distilled water, and 10–1000 nm-sized nano and submicron diamond irrigation solutions, respectively. Sonic and ultrasonic instruments were compared for oscillating the irrigation solutions. The teeth were processed for scanning electron microscopy to observe the efficiency of smear layer removal on the canal walls. Our results indicated that diamond sizes of 50 nm and above irrigation solutions showed significant effectiveness in removing the smear layer following the oscillation of sonic instruments for 10 s. Ultrasonic assisted 500 nm and 1000 nm diamond solutions significantly differed from the other diamond-sized solution in their ability to remove the smear layer. These results suggest that sonic and ultrasonic oscillation with specific sizes of nano and submicron diamond irrigation solution can be used as an alternative approach to removing the smear layer during endodontic treatment. The potential clinical application of root canal treatments can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13101646
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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