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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction of Brain Metastasis Prediction Model and Optimization of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Selection for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 4906-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 4906-
    Abstract: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), as an essential part of the treatment of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC), inevitably leads to neurotoxicity. This study aimed to construct a brain metastasis prediction model and identify low-risk patients to avoid PCI; 236 patients with LS-SCLC were retrospectively analyzed and divided into PCI (63 cases) and non-PCI groups (173 cases). The nomogram was developed based on variables determined by univariate and multivariate analyses in the non-PCI group. According to the cutoff nomogram score, all patients were divided into high- and low-risk cohorts. A log-rank test was used to compare the incidence of brain metastasis between patients with and without PCI in the low-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. The nomogram included five variables: chemotherapy cycles (ChT cycles), time to radiotherapy (RT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (ProGRP), and lymphocytes–monocytes ratio (LMR). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.763 and 0.782 at 1 year, and 0.759 and 0.732 at 2 years in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Based on the nomogram, patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups with a cutoff value of 165. In the high-risk cohort, the incidence of brain metastasis in the non-PCI group was significantly higher than in the PCI group (p 〈 0.001), but there was no difference in the low-risk cohort (p = 0.160). Propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis showed similar results; the proposed nomogram showed reliable performance in assessing the individualized brain metastasis risk and has the potential to become a clinical tool to individualize PCI treatment for LS-SCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194906
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of Spring Maize Evapotranspiration in Semi-Arid Regions of Northeast China Using Machine Learning: An Improved SVR Model Based on PSO and RF Algorithms
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-12), p. 1503-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-12), p. 1503-
    Abstract: Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is crucial for effective irrigation and water management. To achieve this, support vector regression (SVR) was applied to estimate the daily ETc of spring maize. Random forest (RF) as a data pre-processing technique was utilized to determine the optimal input variables for the SVR model. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was employed to optimize the SVR model. This study used data obtained from field experiments conducted between 2017 and 2019, including crop coefficient and daily meteorological data. The performance of the innovative hybrid RF–SVR–PSO model was evaluated against a standalone SVR model, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model and a RF model, using different input meteorological variables. The ETc values were calculated using the Penman–Monteith equation, which is recommended by the FAO, and used as a reference for the models’ estimated values. The results showed that the hybrid RF–SVR–PSO model performed better than all three standalone models for ETc estimation of spring maize. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2) ranges were 0.956–0.958, 0.275–0.282 mm d−1, 0.221–0.231 mm d−1 and 0.957–0.961, respectively. It is proved that the hybrid RF–SVR–PSO model is appropriate for estimation of daily spring maize ETc in semi-arid regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15081503
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    N Addition Mitigates Water Stress via Different Photosynthesis and Water Traits for Three Native Plant Species in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-08), p. 1873-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-08), p. 1873-
    Abstract: Reseeding with native plants to rebuild alpine meadow has become a popular way of ecological restoration. However, the harsh environment poses a great challenge to the establishment of native plants due to poor management of water and nutrients. How water–fertilizer interaction influences dominant grass species is still unclear, and reasonable water and fertilizer conditions are still not determined. Our results showed that addition of nitrogen could mitigate the photosynthetic and water-use traits caused by water stress, i.e., a reduction in Pn and water use results from fewer and thinner leaves, weak stomatal traits, etc. Compared to the control, the peak Pn values of Poa crymophila, Festuca coelestis, and Stipa purpurea increased significantly (71.2%, 108.4%, and 25.4%, respectively). Under drought stress, Pn tended to decrease due to reduced stomatal conductance (Gs). However, appropriate fertilization buffered against Pn decreases by altering the stomatal size and regulating the Gs. Based on reduced water consumption, the water-use efficiency of P. crymophila and F. coelestis decreased whereas that of S. purpurea increased. WHFH for P. crymophila and F. coelestis and WHFL for S. purpurea growth were suitable for the alpine region. WHFH for P. crymophila and F. coelestis and WHFL for S. purpurea were suitable for their establishment in the alpine region. A reasonable water–fertilizer combination could effectively reduce the risk of establishment failure in ecological restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12111873
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction of CoP2-Mo4P3/NF Heterogeneous Interfacial Electrocatalyst for Boosting Water Splitting
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-23), p. 74-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-23), p. 74-
    Abstract: Developing highly efficient, cost effective and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst remains a key challenge for overall water splitting. Herein, a bifunctional catalyst CoP2-Mo4P3/NF with rich heterointerfaces was successfully prepared by a two-step hydrothermal-phosphorylation method. The synergistic interaction between CoP2 and Mo4P3 heterogeneous interfaces can optimize the electronic structure of active sites, leading to the weak adsorption of H on the Mo sites and the increased redox activity of the Co site, resultantly improving the HER/OER bifunctional catalytic activity. The synthesized CoP2-Mo4P3/NF catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity in 1.0 M KOH with low overpotentials of 77.6 and 300.3 at 100 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively. Additionally, the assembled CoP2-Mo4P3/NF||CoP2-Mo4P3/NF electrolyzer delivers a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V and remains stable for at least 370 h at 110 mA cm−2, indicating the potential application prospective in water splitting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13010074
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Festuca coelestis Increases Drought Tolerance and Nitrogen Use via Nutrient Supply–Demand Relationship on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-26), p. 1773-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-04-26), p. 1773-
    Abstract: Drought and nutrient deficiency pose great challenges to the successful establishment of native plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dominant factors and strategies that affect the adaptation of alpine herbs to dry and nutrient-deficient environments remain unclear. Three water gradients were established using two-factor controlled experiments: low water (WL), medium water (WM), and high water (WH). The field water-holding capacities were 35%, 55%, and 75%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer (N) was applied at four levels: control (CK), low (FL), medium (FM), and high (FH) at 0, 110, 330, and 540 mg/kg, respectively. The results revealed that N was the main limiting factor, rather than phosphorous (P), in Festuca coelestis under drought stress. Under water shortage conditions, F. coelestis accumulated more proline and non-structural carbohydrates, especially in the aboveground parts of the leaves and stems; however, the root diameter and aboveground nitrogen use efficiency were reduced. Appropriate N addition could mitigate the adverse effects by increasing the release of N, P, and enzyme activity in the bulk soil and rhizosphere to balance their ratio, and was mainly transferred to the aboveground parts, which optimized the supply uptake relationship. The effects of water and fertilizer on the physiological adaptability and nutrient utilization of F. coelestis were verified using structural equation modeling. Based on their different sensitivities to water and nitrogen, the WHFM treatment was more suitable for F. coelestis establishment. Our results demonstrated that the disproportionate nutrient supply ability and preferential supply aboveground compared to below ground were the main factors influencing F. coelestis seedling establishment under drought conditions. This study provides evidence for a better understanding of herbaceous plants living in high mountain regions and offers important information for reducing the risk of ecological restoration failure in similar alpine regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12091773
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization Forest Thinning Measures for Carbon Budget in a Mixed Pine-Oak Stand of the Qingling Mountains, China: A Case Study
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Forests Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2016-11-12), p. 272-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2016-11-12), p. 272-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f7110272
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 7
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    Genome-Wide Analysis of the Homeobox Gene Family and Identification of Drought-Responsive Members in Populus trichocarpa
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-25), p. 2284-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-10-25), p. 2284-
    Abstract: Homeobox (HB) genes play critical roles in the regulation of plant morphogenesis, growth and development. Here, we identified a total of 156 PtrHB genes from the Populus trichocarpa genome. According to the topologies and taxonomy of the phylogenetic tree constructed by Arabidopsis thaliana HB members, all PtrHB proteins were divided into six subgroups, namely HD-ZIP, ZF-HD, HB-PHD, TALE, WOX and HB-OTHERS. Multiple alignments of conserved homeodomains (HDs) revealed the conserved loci of each subgroup, while gene structure analysis showed similar exon–intron gene structures, and motif analysis indicated the similarity of motif number and pattern in the same subgroup. Promoter analysis indicated that the promoters of PtrHB genes contain a series of cis-acting regulatory elements involved in responding to various abiotic stresses, indicating that PtrHBs had potential functions in these processes. Collinearity analysis revealed that there are 96 pairs of 127 PtrHB genes mainly distributing on Chromosomes 1, 2, and 5. We analyzed the spatio-temporal expression patterns of PtrHB genes, and the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of PtrHB3 gene resulted in the compromised tolerance of poplar seedlings to mannitol treatment. The bioinformatics on PtrHB family and preliminary exploration of drought-responsive genes can provide support for further study of the family in woody plants, especially in drought-related biological processes. It also provides a direction for developing new varieties of poplar with drought resistance. Overall, our results provided significant information for further functional analysis of PtrHB genes in poplar and demonstrated that PtrHB3 is a dominant gene regulating tolerance to water stress treatment in poplar seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10112284
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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