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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Functionality of Silk Cocoon (Bombyx mori L.) Sericin Extracts Obtained through High-Temperature Hydrothermal Method
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-15), p. 5314-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-15), p. 5314-
    Abstract: Sericin, a textile waste, can be used for antioxidant and skin-whitening purposes. The hydrothermal method of extracting sericin is more eco-friendly than are chemical and enzymatic methods. In this study, silk cocoons were cut into pieces and then subjected to hydrothermal extraction at three temperatures (160, 200, and 220 °C) to obtain sericin extracts (Sericin160, Sericin200, and Sericin220, respectively). Antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition were measured to determine the extracts’ effectiveness. Sericin220 was the strongest antioxidant, with total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and ferric reducing power of 62.19 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, 0.07 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, and 181.49 ± 0.024 mg vitamin C equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for DPPH and ABTS free-radical scavenging ability were 6.41 ± 0.05 and 0.79 ± 0.37 mg/mL, respectively. Sericin220 also exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity (70.82 ± 4.1 mg vitamin C equivalent/g), indicating its whitening potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14185314
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating the Antioxidants, Whitening and Antiaging Properties of Rice Protein Hydrolysates
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2021-06-12), p. 3605-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 12 ( 2021-06-12), p. 3605-
    Abstract: Plant-derived protein hydrolysates have potential applications in nutrition. Rice protein hydrolysates (RPHs), an excellent source of proteins, have attracted attention for the development of cosmeceuticals. However, few studies have reported the potential application of RPH in analysis, and this study examined their antioxidant activities and the inhibitory activities of skin aging enzymes. The results indicated that the total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations were 2.06 ± 0.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g RPHs and 25.96 ± 0.52 µg quercetin equivalent/g RPHs, respectively. RPHs demonstrated dose-dependent activity for scavenging free radicals from 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 42.58 ± 2.1 mg/g RPHs] and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.88 mg/g RPHs), dose-dependent reduction capacity (6.95 ± 1.40 mg vitamin C equivalent/g RPHs) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (473 µmol Trolox equivalent/g RPHs). The concentrations of the RPH solution required to achieve 50% inhibition of hyaluronidase and tyrosin ase activities were determined to be 8.91 and 107.6 mg/mL, respectively. This study demonstrated that RPHs have antioxidant, antihyaluronidase, and antityrosinase activities for future cosmetic applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123605
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tumor Cell-Intrinsic BTLA Receptor Inhibits the Proliferation of Tumor Cells via ERK1/2
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 4021-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 4021-
    Abstract: B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that mediates the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance. Consequently, BTLA and its ligand herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) are potentially immunotherapeutic targets. However, the potential effects of BTLA on tumor cells remain incompletely unknown. Here, we show that BTLA is expressed across a broad range of tumor cells. The depletion of BTLA or HVEM promotes cell proliferation and colony formation, which is reversed by the overexpression of BTLA in BTLA knockout cells. In contrast, overexpression of BTLA or HVEM inhibits tumor cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, the proliferation of a subpopulation with high BTLA was also significantly slower than that of the low BTLA subpopulation. Mechanistically, the coordination of BTLA and HVEM inhibits its major downstream extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, thus preventing tumor cell growth. This study demonstrates that tumor cell-intrinsic BTLA/HVEM is a potential tumor suppressor and is likely to have a potential antagonist for immunotherapy, thus representing a potential biomarker for the optimal cancer immunotherapeutic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11244021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rhodoptilometrin, a Crinoid-Derived Anthraquinone, Induces Cell Regeneration by Promoting Wound Healing and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2019-02-27), p. 138-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2019-02-27), p. 138-
    Abstract: Gingival recession (GR) potentially leads to the exposure of tooth root to the oral cavity microenvironment and increases susceptibility to dental caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and other dental diseases. Even though many etiological factors were reported, the specific mechanism of GR is yet to be elucidated. Given the species richness concerning marine biodiversity, it could be a treasure trove for drug discovery. In this study, we demonstrate the effects of a marine compound, (+)-rhodoptilometrin from crinoid, on gingival cell migration, wound healing, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Experimental results showed that (+)-rhodoptilometrin can significantly increase wound healing, migration, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast cells, and it does not have effects on oral mucosa fibroblast cells. In addition, (+)-rhodoptilometrin increases the gene and protein expression levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), fibronectin, and type I collagen, changes the intracellular distribution of FAK and F-actin, and increases OXPHOS and the expression levels of complexes I~V in the mitochondria. Based on our results, we believe that (+)-rhodoptilometrin might increase FAK expression and promote mitochondrial function to affect cell migration and promote gingival regeneration. Therefore, (+)-rhodoptilometrin may be a promising therapeutic agent for GR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17030138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Syntheses and Cell-Based Phenotypic Screen of Novel 7-Amino pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile Derivatives as Potential Antiproliferative Agents
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Molecules Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2012-02-24), p. 2351-2366
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2012-02-24), p. 2351-2366
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules17032351
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An AC-DC LED Integrated Streetlight Driver with Power Factor Correction and Soft-Switching Functions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-07-05), p. 10579-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-07-05), p. 10579-
    Abstract: The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in street lighting applications has been greatly welcomed with the current trends of energy saving, environmental protection, carbon reduction, and sustainable development. This paper presents a novel AC-DC LED integrated streetlight driver that combines an interleaved buck converter with a coupled inductor and a half-bridge series resonant converter with a full-bridge rectifier into a single-stage power conversion topology with power factor correction (PFC) and soft switching capabilities. The PFC is achieved by designing the coupling inductor in the interleaved buck converter sub-circuit in discontinuous conduction mode. In addition, the resonant tank in the half-bridge series resonant converter sub-circuit is designed to be similar to an inductive load, thus giving the power switch a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) function, decreasing switching losses and increasing the overall efficiency of the proposed circuit. A prototype circuit of the proposed LED integrated streetlight driver with a power rating of 165 W (235 V/0.7 A) and 110 V input utility voltage has been developed and tested. According to the measurement results, a power factor greater than 0.98, a total harmonic distortion coefficient of the input current less than 3%, and an efficiency greater than 89% were obtained in the AC-DC LED integrated streetlight driver. Therefore, the experimental results are satisfactory and demonstrate the functionality of the proposed AC-DC LED integrated streetlight driver.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151310579
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Higher Abundance of Actinomyces spp. in the Gut Is Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 1171-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 1171-
    Abstract: Preterm birth is a major challenge in pregnancy worldwide. Prematurity is the leading cause of death in infants and may result in severe complications. Nearly half of preterm births are spontaneous, but do not have recognizable causes. This study investigated whether the maternal gut microbiome and associated functional pathways might play a key role in spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Two hundred eleven women carrying singleton pregnancies were enrolled in this mother-child cohort study. Fecal samples were freshly collected at 24–28 weeks of gestation before delivery, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced. Microbial diversity and composition, core microbiome, and associated functional pathways were then statistically analyzed. Demographic characteristics were collected using records from the Medical Birth Registry and questionnaires. The result showed that the gut microbiome of mothers with over-weight (BMI ≥ 24) before pregnancy have lower alpha diversity than those with normal BMI before pregnancy. A higher abundance of Actinomyces spp. was filtered out from the Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe), Spearman correlation, and random forest model, and was inversely correlated with gestational age in sPTB. The multivariate regression model showed that the odds ratio of premature delivery was 3.274 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.349; p = 0.010] in the group with over-weight before pregnancy with a cutoff Hit% 〉 0.022 for Actinomyces spp. The enrichment of Actinomyces spp. was negatively correlated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism in sPTB by prediction from the Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) platform. Maternal gut microbiota showing a lower alpha diversity, increased abundance of Actinomyces spp., and dysregulated glycan metabolism may be associated with sPTB risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051171
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prenatal Exposure to Di-Ethyl Phthalate (DEP) Is Related to Increasing Neonatal IgE Levels and the Altering of the Immune Polarization of Helper-T Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2021-06-11), p. 6364-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2021-06-11), p. 6364-
    Abstract: Introduction: Phthalates are substances that are added to plastic products to increase their plasticity. These substances are released easily into the environment and can act as endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies in children have showed inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between prenatal or postnatal exposure to phthalates and the risk of allergic disease. Our hypothesis is that prenatal exposure to phthalates may contribute to the development of allergies in children. Material and methods: The objective of this study was to determine the associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in pregnant women, maternal atopic diathesis, maternal lifestyle, and cord blood IgE. Pregnant mothers and paired newborns (n = 101) were enrolled from an antenatal clinic. The epidemiologic data and the clinical information were collected using standard questionnaires and medical records. The maternal blood and urine samples were collected at 24–28 weeks gestation, and cord blood IgE, IL-12p70, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were determined from the newborns at birth. The link between phthalates and maternal IgE was also assessed. To investigate the effects of phthalates on neonatal immunity, cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were used for cytokine induction in another in vitro experiment. Results: We found that maternal urine monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (a metabolite of di-ethyl phthalate (DEP)) concentrations are positively correlated with the cord blood IgE of the corresponding newborns. The cord blood IL-12p70 levels of mothers with higher maternal urine MEP groups (high DEP exposure) were lower than mothers with low DEP exposure. In vitro experiments demonstrated that DEP could enhance IL-4 production of cord blood MNCs rather than adult MNCs. Conclusion: Prenatal DEP exposure is related to neonatal IgE level and alternation of cytokines relevant to Th1/Th2 polarization. This suggests the existence of a link between prenatal exposure to specific plasticizers and the future development of allergies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126364
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proteomics Research on the Protective Effect of Mangiferin on H9C2 Cell Injury Induced by H2O2
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2019-05-17), p. 1911-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2019-05-17), p. 1911-
    Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which has been confirmed to protect cardiac cells from myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI); however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. As oxidative stress is a major pathogenesis of MIRI, an H9C2 cell injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was established to simulate MIRI in vitro. Herein, the protective effect of mangiferin against MIRI was evaluated and the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics was applied to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. In this research, mangiferin markedly ameliorated the oxidative imbalance by increasing the antioxidative capacity of the H9C2 cell. Moreover, proteomics analysis revealed that mangiferin pretreatment brought twenty differently-expressed proteins back to normal, most of which were related to glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Glycolysis, citrate cycle, and fatty acid degradation pathways were highlighted by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Western blot validation of six cardiac metabolism-related proteins were consistent with the proteomics analysis. Taken together, mangiferin protected the cardiomyocytes from MIRI by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and increasing the activities of glycolysis, citrate cycle, and fatty acid degradation pathways.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101911
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low-Voltage and Low-Power True-Single-Phase 16-Transistor Flip-Flop Design
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 15 ( 2022-07-29), p. 5696-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 15 ( 2022-07-29), p. 5696-
    Abstract: A low-voltage and low-power true single-phase flip-flop that minimum the total transistor count by using the pass transistor logic circuit scheme is proposed in this paper. Optimization measures lead to a new flip-flop design with better various performances such as speed, power, energy, and layout area. Based on post-layout simulation results using the TSMC CMOS 180 nm and 90 nm technologies, the proposed design achieves the conventional transmission-gate-based flip-flop design with a 53.6% reduction in power consumption and a 63.2% reduction in energy, with 12.5% input data switching activity. In order to further the performance parameters of the proposed design, a shift-register design has been realized. Experimental measurements at 0.5 V/0.5 MHz show that this proposed design reduces power consumption by 47.3% while achieving a layout area reduction of 30.5% compared to the conventional design.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22155696
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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