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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Common Neuronal Ensemble in the Lateral Habenula Regulates Ciprofol Anesthesia in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2024-03-11), p. 363-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2024-03-11), p. 363-
    Abstract: General anesthetics were first used over 170 years ago; however, the mechanisms of how general anesthetics induce loss of consciousness (LOC) remain unclear. Ciprofol, a novel intravenous anesthetic, has been developed by incorporating cyclopropyl into the chemical structure of propofol. This modification offers the benefits of rapid onset and minimal injection pain. Recent studies have revealed that the glutamatergic neurons of the lateral habenula (LHb) play a crucial role in modulating the LOC induced by propofol and sevoflurane. Nevertheless, the specific involvement of LHb in the anesthetic effects of ciprofol remains uncertain. Here, using targeted recombination in active populations (TRAP) combined with electroencephalogram/electromyography recordings and the righting reflex behavioral test, our study revealed that intravenous infusion of ciprofol for 1 h could lead to the induction of c-Fos expression in the LHb in mice. The combination of TRAP and gene ablation, aimed at selectively ablating ciprofol-activated neurons in the LHb, has been shown to facilitate the emergence of ciprofol anesthesia and decrease the proportion of delta waves during the emergence phase. Chemogenetic inhibition of these neurons produced a comparable effect, whereas chemogenetic activation resulted in the opposite outcome. Chemogenetic activation of ciprofol-activated neurons in the LHb delays the emergence of anesthesia and induces a deep hypnotic state during the emergence phase. Taken together, our findings suggest that LHb ciprofol-activated neurons modulate the state of consciousness and could potentially be targeted to manipulate consciousness during ciprofol anesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph17030363
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Field Study on Indoor Thermal Environments of Monastic Houses and Thermal Comfort of Monks
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 8-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-12-20), p. 8-
    Abstract: Monastic houses are an essential part of the Tibetan monastic system in China. In this study, the monastic houses of Labrang in the Tibetan region of Gannan were used as the research objects. Physical parameters such as indoor temperature, humidity, and radiation temperature of the monastic houses were measured. The measured results were compared with the standard values, while the air temperature was linearly fitted using TSV, PMV, and aPMV. The results show that the temperature inside and outside the monastic houses fluctuates considerably; the theoretical thermal neutral temperature of the tested monks in winter is 22.46 °C, which is higher than the measured thermal neutral temperature in winter of 16.43 °C. When analyzing the results, it was found that the local climate, dress code, and the monks’ specific habits all impact the perception of thermal comfort, which creates a discrepancy between the accurate results and the standard values. The above findings provide a more comprehensive reference for the thermal comfort requirements of the monks in cold areas, which can be used as a guide for the improvement and evaluation of the monastic houses in cold areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010008
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protopanaxadiol, an Active Ginseng Metabolite, Significantly Enhances the Effects of Fluorouracil on Colon Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2015-01-23), p. 799-814
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2015-01-23), p. 799-814
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu7020799
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High Risk of Peritonsillar Abscess in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Nationwide Real-World Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-24), p. 6775-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-24), p. 6775-
    Abstract: Background: Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is an infectious emergency in the head and neck, and patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have an immunocompromised status. However, no relevant research has focused on the ESRD–PTA relationship. This study explored PTA in ESRD patients and their prognosis. Methods: We identified 157,026 patients diagnosed as having ESRD over January 1997 to December 2013 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Each patient with ESRD (hereafter, patients) was matched with one control without chronic kidney disease (CKD; hereafter, controls) by sex, age, urbanization level, and income. Next, PTA incidence until death or the end of 2013 was compared between the two groups, and the relative risk of PTA was analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: The patients had a significantly higher PTA incidence than did the controls (incidence rate ratio: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–2.91, p 〈 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the patients had a higher cumulative incidence of PTA than did the controls (p 〈 0.001). In Cox regression analysis, the patients had nearly twofold higher PTA risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.37–2.86, p 〈 0.001). The between-group differences in the PTA-related hospital stay length (8.1 ± 10.3 days in patients and 5.7 ± 4.6 days in controls, p = 0.09), consequent deep-neck infection complication (4.2% in patients and 6.3% in controls, p = 0.682), and mortality (0.0% in both groups) were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Although ESRD does not predict a poor prognosis of PTA, it is an independent PTA risk factor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136775
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on Seismic Damage Risk Assessment of Mountain Tunnel Based on the Extension Theory
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-16), p. 5294-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-16), p. 5294-
    Abstract: In this paper, the extension method is applied to the assessment of seismic damage risk in mountain tunnels. Based on various considerations such as the geological conditions of the tunnel site, the state of the tunnel, the structural situation and the earthquake, the seismic damage risk assessment index for mountainous tunnels is proposed. The range of values of different assessment indexes under each grade is quantified. The seismic damage risk of the tunnel is divided into four classes, and assessed based on the extension theory. The specific assessment process is as follows: Firstly, five tunnels affected by the Wenchuan earthquake were selected to construct the matter element to be assessed, and construct the classical domain and nodal domain; then, the entropy weight method and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used to determine the weights of each index; finally, the correlation function values were calculated to obtain the seismic damage risk level of the tunnels. Among them, the seismic damage risk level of the Longchi tunnel and Longxi tunnel is “high risk”, and the seismic damage risk level of the Longdongzi tunnel, Youyi tunnel and Maanshi tunnel is “moderate risk”. The five tunnels are sorted according to the eigenvalues of the seismic damage risk level as follows: Longchi tunnel 〉 Longxi tunnel 〉 Longdongzi tunnel 〉 Youyi tunnel 〉 Maanshi tunnel. Combined with the seismic damage investigation of the Wenchuan earthquake, the actual seismic damage of tunnel is consistent with the assessment results, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of this method. The seismic damage risk assessment model for mountain tunnels proposed in this paper has certain reference value for the future seismic damage risk assessment of tunnels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15065294
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-Lactic Acid O-Carboxyanhydrides Initiated by Alkoxy Rare Earth Compounds
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2013-10-15), p. 12768-12776
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2013-10-15), p. 12768-12776
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012768
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on Automatic Driving Path Tracking Control of Open-Pit Mine Transportation Vehicles with Delay Compensation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-26), p. 134-
    Details
    In: World Electric Vehicle Journal, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2022-07-26), p. 134-
    Abstract: The transportation environment of the open-pit mine is complex, the steering actuator of the mine vehicle has a large delay and poor response accuracy, and there are a lot of bumpy roads, large undulating ramps, and narrow-area curves in the mining area. These road sections seriously reduce the tracking accuracy of the mine vehicle path. Tracking control presents great challenges. Therefore, this study first conducts a simulation comparison study on commonly used path tracking methods such as pure pursuit control, Stanley control, and model predictive control (MPC), and then designs a path tracking control strategy for automatic driving of open-pit mine transportation vehicles based on the MPC algorithm. Finally, the proposed control strategy was verified through actual mining vehicle tests. The results showed that the maximum lateral deviation obtained by the MPC-based path tracking control strategy was reduced from 0.55 m to 0.08 m under the C-shaped reference path compared with the traditional method. Under the S-shaped reference path, the lateral deviation is reduced from 0.4 m to 0.16 m.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2032-6653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/wevj13080134
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934699-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Compound K, a Ginsenoside Metabolite, Inhibits Colon Cancer Growth via Multiple Pathways Including p53-p21 Interactions
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2013-01-31), p. 2980-2995
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2013-01-31), p. 2980-2995
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Printing the Ultra-Long Ag Nanowires Inks onto the Flexible Textile Substrate for Stretchable Electronics
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-05-02), p. 686-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-05-02), p. 686-
    Abstract: Printing technology offers a simple and cost-effective opportunity to develop all-printed stretchable circuits and electronic devices, possibly providing ubiquitous, low-cost, and flexible devices. To successfully prepare high-aspect-ratio Ag nanowires (NWs), we used water and anhydrous ethanol as the solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the viscosity regulator to obtain a water-soluble Ag NWs conductive ink with good printability. Flexible and stretchable fabric electrodes were directly fabricated through screen printing. After curing at room temperature, the sheet resistance of the Ag NW fabric electrode was 1.5 Ω/sq. Under a tensile strain of 0–80% and with 20% strains applied for 200 cycles, good conductivity was maintained, which was attributed to the inherent flexibility of the Ag NWs and the intrinsic structure of the interlocked texture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9050686
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Chinese Healthy Eating Index
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-01-24), p. 114-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-01-24), p. 114-
    Abstract: The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a measuring instrument of diet quality in accordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese (DGC)-2016. The objective of the study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the CHEI. Data from 12,473 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)-2011, including 3-day–24-h dietary recalls were used in this study. The CHEI was assessed by four exemplary menus developed by the DGC-2016, the general linear models, the independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Spearman’s correlation analysis, the principal components analysis (PCA), the Cronbach’s coefficient, and the Pearson correlation with nutrient intakes. A higher CHEI score was linked with lower exposure to known risk factors of Chinese diets. The CHEI scored nearly perfect for exemplary menus for adult men (99.8), adult women (99.7), and the healthy elderly (99.1), but not for young children (91.2). The CHEI was able to distinguish the difference in diet quality between smokers and non-smokers (P 〈 0.0001), people with higher and lower education levels (P 〈 0.0001), and people living in urban and rural areas (P 〈 0.0001). Low correlations with energy intake for the CHEI total and component scores (|r| 〈 0.34, P 〈 0.01) supported the index assessed diet quality independently of diet quantity. The PCA indicated that underlying multiple dimensions compose the CHEI, and Cronbach’s coefficient α was 0.22. Components of dairy, fruits and cooking oils had the greatest impact on the total score. People with a higher CHEI score had not only a higher absolute intake of nutrients (P 〈 0.001), but also a more nutrient-dense diet (P 〈 0.001). Our findings support the validity and reliability of the CHEI when using the 3-day–24-h recalls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu10020114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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