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  • MDPI AG  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Total-Factor Energy Efficiency (TFEE) Evaluation on Thermal Power Industry with DEA, Malmquist and Multiple Regression Techniques
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Energies Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2017-07-21), p. 1039-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2017-07-21), p. 1039-
    Abstract: Under the background of a new round of power market reform, realizing the goals of energy saving and emission reduction, reducing the coal consumption and ensuring the sustainable development are the key issues for thermal power industry. With the biggest economy and energy consumption scales in the world, China should promote the energy efficiency of thermal power industry to solve these problems. Therefore, from multiple perspectives, the factors influential to the energy efficiency of thermal power industry were identified. Based on the economic, social and environmental factors, a combination model with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index was constructed to evaluate the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in thermal power industry. With the empirical studies from national and provincial levels, the TFEE index can be factorized into the technical efficiency index (TECH), the technical progress index (TPCH), the pure efficiency index (PECH) and the scale efficiency index (SECH). The analysis showed that the TFEE was mainly determined by TECH and PECH. Meanwhile, by panel data regression model, unit coal consumption, talents and government supervision were selected as important indexes to have positive effects on TFEE in thermal power industry. In addition, the negative indexes, such as energy price and installed capacity, were also analyzed to control their undesired effects. Finally, considering the analysis results, measures for improving energy efficiency of thermal power industry were discussed widely, such as strengthening technology research and design (R & D), enforcing pollutant and emission reduction, distributing capital and labor rationally and improving the government supervision. Relative study results and suggestions can provide references for Chinese government and enterprises to enhance the energy efficiency level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en10071039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors Influencing Residual Stresses in Cold Expansion and Their Effects on Fatigue Life—A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2023-12-02), p. 2037-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2023-12-02), p. 2037-
    Abstract: Cold expansion technology has been widely used in aviation industries as an effective method of improving the fatigue performance of fastener holes. It can improve the fatigue life several times over without adding weight, meeting the growing demand for lightweight and durable aircraft structures. In recent years, it has been extensively studied through extensive experiments and finite element simulations to analyze the residual stresses around the fastener hole. Appropriate process parameters lead to the generation of beneficial residual stresses that influence the material microstructure, thereby improving the fatigue life of the component. This paper summarized factors influencing residual stresses in cold expansion and their effects on fatigue life, and the strengthening mechanism, parameter optimization, and effect of anti-fatigue are discussed from the point of view of the residual stress and microstructure. The development of new cold expansion technologies and the research directions that can realize anti-fatigue technology efficiently are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13122037
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epigallocatechin Gallate Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Suppressing Apoptosis and Ferroptosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 8564-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 23 ( 2022-12-05), p. 8564-
    Abstract: Gentamicin (GEN) is a kind of aminoglycoside antibiotic with the adverse effect of nephrotoxicity. Currently, no effective measures against the nephrotoxicity have been approved. In the present study, epigallocatechin gallate (EG), a useful ingredient in green tea, was used to attenuate its nephrotoxicity. EG was shown to largely attenuate the renal damage and the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the decrease of glutathione (GSH) in GEN-injected rats. In NRK-52E cells, GEN increased the cellular ROS in the early treatment phase and ROS remained continuously high from 1.5 H to 24 H. Moreover, EG alleviated the increase of ROS and MDA and the decrease of GSH caused by GEN. Furthermore, EG activated the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). After the treatment of GEN, the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3, the flow cytometry analysis and the JC-1 staining, the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11, were greatly changed, indicating the occurrence of both apoptosis and ferroptosis, whereas EG can reduce these changes. However, when Nrf2 was knocked down by siRNA, the above protective effects of EG were weakened. In summary, EG attenuated GEN-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing apoptosis and ferroptosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238564
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simultaneous Determination of Original, Degraded Ginsenosides and Aglycones by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Evaluation of Du-Shen-Tang, the Decoction of Ginseng
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Molecules Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2014-04-02), p. 4083-4104
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2014-04-02), p. 4083-4104
    Abstract: In the present study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) method for simultaneous determination of eleven original, fourteen degraded ginsenosides and five aglycones was developed and validated to quantitatively evaluate the transformation of ginsenosides during preparation of Du-Shen-Tang, the decoction of ginseng. Both positive and negative modes as well as the step wave ion transfer optics technology were used to increase the detection sensitivity of QTOF-MS. The extracting ion mode based on the quasi-molecular ions, molecular ions and fragment ions characteristic to each analyte was used to increase the selectivity for quantitative analysis. Under the optimized UHPLC and QTOF-MS conditions, the 30 analytes with different polarities were separated (except for Re and Rg1) within 26 min. The developed method was applied for the quantitative comparison of Du-Shen-Tang and its raw materials derived from Asian ginseng (ASG) and American ginseng (AMG), respectively. It was found that the contents of the original ginsenosides decreased from 26,053.09 to 19,393.29 μg/g or 45,027.72 to 41,865.39 μg/g, whereas the degraded ginsenosides and aglycones increased from 159.72 to 685.37 μg/g or 676.54 to 1,502.26 μg/g in Du-Shen-Tang samples of ASG or AMG when compared with their raw materials, indicating that decocting could dramatically increase the proportion of the less polar degraded ginsenosides in Du-Shen-Tang. Whether these changed proportions of different polar ginsenosides could affect the bioactivities of the decoctions and their raw materials derived from ASG and AMG deserves further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044083
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Aspergillus niger in Practical Biotechnology of Industrial Recovery of Potato Starch By-Products and Its Flocculation Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-15), p. 1847-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-15), p. 1847-
    Abstract: This study developed a practical recovery for potato starch by-products by A. niger and applied it on a plant scale to completely solve the pollution problems. Soughing to evaluate the effect of A. niger applied towards the production of by-products recycling and analyze the composition and characteristics of flocculating substances (FS) by A. niger and advance a possible flocculation mechanism for by-product conversion. After fermentation, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, and the conversion rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and proteins were 58.85%, 40.19%, 53.29%, 50.14%, and 37.09%, respectively. FS was predominantly composed of proteins (45.55%, w/w) and polysaccharides (28.07%, w/w), with two molecular weight distributions of 7.3792 × 106 Da and 1.7741 × 106 Da and temperature sensitivity. Flocculation was mainly through bridging and ionic bonding, furthermore, sweeping effects may occur during sediment. Flocculation was related to by-products conversion. However, due to severe pollution problems and resource waste, and deficiencies of existing recovery technologies, converting potato starch by-products via A. niger liquid fermentation merits significant consideration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091847
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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