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  • MDPI AG  (34)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cryogenic 3D Printing of w/o Pickering Emulsions Containing Bifunctional Drugs for Producing Hierarchically Porous Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Antibacterial Capability
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-27), p. 9722-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-27), p. 9722-
    Abstract: How to fabricate bone tissue engineering scaffolds with excellent antibacterial and bone regeneration ability has attracted increasing attention. Herein, we produced a hierarchical porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polycaprolactone composite bone tissue engineering scaffold containing tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) through a micro-extrusion-based cryogenic 3D printing of Pickering emulsion inks, in which the hydrophobic silica (h-SiO2) nanoparticles were used as emulsifiers to stabilize composite Pickering emulsion inks. Hierarchically porous scaffolds with desirable antibacterial properties and bone-forming ability were obtained. Grid scaffolds with a macroscopic pore size of 250.03 ± 75.88 μm and a large number of secondary micropores with a diameter of 24.70 ± 15.56 μm can be fabricated through cryogenic 3D printing, followed by freeze-drying treatment, whereas the grid structure of scaffolds printed or dried at room temperature was discontinuous, and fewer micropores could be observed on the strut surface. Moreover, the impartment of β-TCP in scaffolds changed the shape and density of the micropores but endowed the scaffold with better osteoconductivity. Scaffolds loaded with TCH had excellent antibacterial properties and could effectively promote the adhesion, expansion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells afterward. The scaffolds loaded with TCH could realize the strategy to “kill bacteria first, then induce osteogenesis”. Such hierarchically porous scaffolds with abundant micropores, excellent antibacterial property, and improved bone-forming ability display great prospects in treating bone defects with infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179722
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Rapid Screening and Identification of Daidzein Metabolites in Rats Based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Data-Mining Technologies
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2018-01-12), p. 151-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2018-01-12), p. 151-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010151
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    Effects of Through-Bond and Through-Space Conjugations on the Photoluminescence of Small Aromatic and Aliphatic Aldimines
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 22 ( 2022-11-19), p. 8046-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 22 ( 2022-11-19), p. 8046-
    Abstract: Through-bond conjugation (TBC) and/or through-space conjugation (TSC) determine the photophysical properties of organic luminescent compounds. No systematic studies have been carried out to understand the transition from aromatic TBC to non-aromatic TSC on the photoluminescence of organic luminescent compounds. In this work, a series of small aromatic and aliphatic aldimines were synthesized. For the aromatic imines, surprisingly, N,1-diphenylmethanimine with the highest TBC is non-emissive, while N-benzyl-1-phenylmethanimine and N-cyclohexyl-1-phenylmethanimine emit bright fluorescence in aggregate states. The aliphatic imines are all emissive, and their maximum emission wavelength decreases while the quantum yield increases with a decrease in steric hindrance. The imines show concentration-dependent and excitation-dependent emissions. Theoretical calculations show that the TBC extents in the aromatic imines are not strong enough to induce photoluminescence in a single molecule state, while the intermolecular TSC becomes dominant for the fluorescence emissions of both aromatic and aliphatic imines in aggregate states, and the configurations and spatial conformations of the molecules in aggregate states play a key role in the formation of effective TSC. This study provides an understanding of how chemical and spatial structures affect the formation of TBC and TSC and their functions on the photoluminescence of organic luminescent materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228046
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Digital Evaluation of Aroma Intensity and Odor Characteristics of Tea with Different Types—Based on OAV-Splitting Method
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-25), p. 2204-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-25), p. 2204-
    Abstract: Aroma is one of the most important quality indicators of tea. However, this evaluation method is a subjective one. In this study, the volatiles of tea with 5 types were determined by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aroma intensity and odor characteristics of teas were comparatively analyzed based on the OAV-splitting method. The results showed that OAV were green tea (492.02), red tea (471.88), oolong tea (302.74), white tea (68.10), and dark tea (55.98). The odor index I(o) indicated that green tea was strong-flavor tea with highlight green accompanied by fruity, woody and fatty odors; oolong tea was strong-flavor tea with fruity and fatty accompanied by woody, floral and green odors; red tea was strong-flavor tea with highlight fruity accompanied by woody, green and floral odors; white tea was a light-flavor tea with floral, woody and green odors; and dark tea was light-flavor tea with woody and floral notes accompanied by fatty and green odors. These results fitted perfectly with the people’s consensus on these teas, and proved that the OAV-splitting method is feasible to evaluate the aroma intensity and odor characteristics of tea aroma. We suggest that the digital evaluation of tea aroma can facilitate people’s communication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11152204
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
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    Mechanism and Control of Asymmetric Floor Heave in the Gob-Side Coal Roadway under Mining Pressure in Extra-Thick Coal Seams
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-26), p. 4948-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-26), p. 4948-
    Abstract: Due to their tense mining succession relationship, gob-side roadways may undergo significant deformation under multi-mining pressure. In this article, many methods, such as on-site research, a theoretical analysis, a numerical simulation and an industrial experiment, are used to research the mechanism of asymmetric floor heave in a gob-side coal roadway affected by mining pressure during the mining of extra-thick coal seams. Our main research is as follows: (1) By monitoring the floor deformation in the roadway on site, it is concluded that the roadway floor shows asymmetry, indicating that the floor displacement near the coal pillar side is relatively large. (2) Based on a lateral overburden structure model of the roadway, the calculation formulas of the horizontal vertical stress caused by the roadway excavation and the excavation of the upper working face are derived separately, and the vertical stress coupling curves on both sides of the roadway during the mining of the upper working face are obtained through a numerical simulation. It is concluded that the cause of the asymmetric floor heave in the roadway is an uneven distribution of vertical stress. (3) The numerical simulation shows a symmetrical distribution of the floor displacement curve during the roadway excavation with a max. displacement of 49.5 mm. The floor displacement curve during the mining of the upper working face is asymmetric with a max. displacement of 873 mm at a distance of 1 m from the central axis near the coal pillar side. The range of the plastic zone in the roadway gradually expands with the mining of the upper working face, and the maximum depth of floor failure is 5.5 m. (4) According to the cooperative control principle of “roof + two sides + floor”, an asymmetric floor heave joint control scheme of “floor leveling + anchor cable support + concrete hardening” is proposed. The floor deformation monitoring results indicate that the max. floor heave at the measurement point near the coal pillar in the roadway is 167 mm, and the floor heave is effectively controlled.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16134948
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 6
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    Distinct Evolutionary Profiles and Functions of microRNA156 and microRNA529 in Land Plants
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 20 ( 2021-10-14), p. 11100-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 20 ( 2021-10-14), p. 11100-
    Abstract: MicroRNA156 (miR156) and miR529 have high sequence similarity and recognize overlapping sites in the same target genes, SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL or SBP box) genes, making it difficult to accurately distinguish their roles in regulatory networks that affect numerous biological functions. Here, we collected data about miR156 and miR529 family members from representative land plants and performed sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis, small RNA sequencing, and parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE) analysis to dissect their evolutionary and functional differences. Although miR156 and miR529 are highly similar, there are differences in their mismatch-sensitive regions, which are essential for target recognition. In land plants, miR156 precursors are conserved mainly within the hairpin region, whereas miR529 precursors are conserved outside the hairpin region, including both the 5’ and 3’ arms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MIR156 and MIR529 evolved independently, through divergent evolutionary patterns. The two genes also exhibit different expression patterns, with MIR529 preferentially expressed in reproductive tissues and MIR156 in other tissues. PARE analysis revealed that miR156 and miR529 possess specific targets in addition to common targets in maize, pointing to functional differences between them. Based on our findings, we developed a method for the rapid identification of miR529 and miR156 family members and uncovered the evolutionary divergence of these families, providing insights into their different regulatory roles in plant growth and development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011100
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
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    Effects of Depositional Processes in Submarine Canyons and Distribution of Gas Chimneys on Gas Hydrate Accumulation in the Shenhu Sea Area, Northern South China Sea
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12-25), p. 234-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12-25), p. 234-
    Abstract: Previous gas hydrate production tests conducted by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey (GSGM) in 2017 and 2020 indicated the great potential of gas hydrates in the Shenhu Sea area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), China. In this study, the effects of deposition processes in submarine canyons and the distribution of gas chimneys on gas hydrate accumulation were investigated using high-resolution two- dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) seismic data. Four intact submarine canyons were identified in the study area. Five deepwater depositional elements are closely related to submarine canyons: lateral accretion packages (LAPs), basal lags, slides, mass transport deposits (MTDs), and turbidity lobes. MTDs and lobes with multiple stages outside the distal canyon mouth reveal that the sedimentary evolution of the canyon was accompanied by frequent sediment gravity flows. Gas chimneys originating from Eocene strata are generally up to 3 km wide and distributed in a lumpy or banded pattern. The analysis of seismic attributes confirmed fluid activity in these gas chimneys. Gas hydrates are mainly distributed in ridges among different canyons. Based on the gas sources of gas hydrates and depositional evolution of submarine canyons, depositional processes of sediment gravity flows in submarine canyons and the distribution of gas chimneys significantly affect the accumulation of gas hydrates. Based on these findings, this study establishes a conceptional model for the accumulation of gas hydrate, which can provide guidance in the prediction for favorable gas hydrates zones in the area and nearby.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16010234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 8
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    Metal Exposure-Related Welder’s Pneumoconiosis and Lung Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Container Factory of China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 16809-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 16809-
    Abstract: Long-term inhalation of welding fume at high exposure can cause welder’s pneumoconiosis, and metals in welding dust are associated with respiratory dysfunction. This cross-sectional study, which contains 384 Chinese male workers who were or had been working in a container factory, aimed to assess the potential risk of haemal and urinary metal content in welder’s pneumoconiosis. Further, we investigated their effects on lung function parameters. Metal content and lung function were measured using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spirometer, respectively. The concentration and metal content of respirable dust as well as total dust were collected at this container factory. Lung function of cases with welder’s pneumoconiosis was significantly worse, as indicated by lower values of FVC, FVC% predicted, FEV1, FEV1% predicted, MEF25% predicted, and MMEF% predicted (p 〈 0.05). Results of logistic regression models showed that haemal Cr and Zn were risk factors of welder’s pneumoconiosis (OR = 4.98, 95%CI: 1.73–21.20, p = 0.009 for Cr; OR = 5.23, 95%CI: 1.56–41.08, p = 0.033 for Zn) after adjusted with age, BMI, working years, welding dust exposure years, and smoking status. Multiple linear regression models showed that several metals (haemal Cd and Pb; urinary Cd and Fe) were significantly associated with different lung function indices in the welder’s pneumoconiosis group. Compared to non-welders, welders were exposed to considerably higher levels of respirable dust, total dust, and six kinds of metals (p 〈 0.05). In conclusion, haemal Cr and Zn are positively related to welder’s pneumoconiosis. Meanwhile, Cd and Pb might worsen lung function in welder’s pneumoconiosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416809
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Reasonable Coal Pillar Width and Surrounding Rock Control of Gob-Side Entry Driving in Inclined Short-Distance Coal Seams
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 6578-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 6578-
    Abstract: During gob-side entry driving under complex conditions in inclined short-distance coal seams, the roadway loses stability and deforms seriously, which affects the safety and efficiency of mine production. In this study, a reasonable coal pillar width was explored by means of on-site investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering tests. The following research results were obtained: (1) In selecting a reasonable coal pillar width, the influences of the position of residual coal pillars, stratum spacing, main roof breakage, roadway section in the upper coal seam should be considered. From established mechanical models of inclined gob-side roadways, the maximum floor failure depth is 27 m and the concentrated influence range of the #1 coal pillars is 11 m. (2) The stress states of coal pillars with different widths were analyzed by numerical simulation. As the coal pillar width increases, the peak value of the stress increases first and then decreases. Based on the site geological conditions, the optimum coal pillar width was determined to be 8 m, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. (3) A new pressure-yield support technology was proposed, and its on-site application confirmed its notable roadway control effect. Our research can provide theoretical support for the control of roadways surrounding rock under similar engineering background conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13116578
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 10
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    FDCNet: Frontend-Backend Fusion Dilated Network Through Channel-Attention Mechanism
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 17 ( 2019-08-22), p. 3466-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 17 ( 2019-08-22), p. 3466-
    Abstract: Crowd counting has attracted much attention in computer vision owing to its fundamental contribution in public security. But due to occlusions, perspective distortions, scale variations, and background interference it faces a great challenge. In this paper we propose a novel model to count crowds, named FDCNet: frontend-backend fusion dilated network through channel-attention mechanism. It merges the frontend feature map with the backend feature map, achieving a fusion of various scale features without additional branches or extra subtasks. The fusion is fed into the channel-attention block to optimize the procedure and to conduct feature recalibration to use global and spatial information. Furthermore, we utilize dilated layers to obtain a high-quality density map, and the SSIM-based loss function is added to compare the local correlation between the estimated density map and the ground truth. Our FDCNet is verified in four common datasets and gets a brilliant estimation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9173466
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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