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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring the Corrosion Process of Reinforced Concrete Using BOTDA and FBG Sensors
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Sensors Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2015-04-15), p. 8866-8883
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2015-04-15), p. 8866-8883
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s150408866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
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    Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Impairs the Development of Honeybee (Apis cerana)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2420-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2420-
    Abstract: Increasing ELF-EMF pollution in the surrounding environment could impair the cognition and learning ability of honeybees, posing a threat to the honeybee population and its pollination ability. In a social honeybee colony, the numbers of adult bees rely on the successful large-scale rearing of larvae and continuous eclosion of new adult bees. However, no studies exist on the influence of ELF-EMFs on honeybee larvae. Therefore, we investigated the survival rate, body weight, and developmental duration of first instar larvae continuously subjected to ELF-EMF exposure. Moreover, the transcriptome of fifth instar larvae were sequenced for analyzing the difference in expressed genes. The results showed that ELF-EMF exposure decreases the survival rate and body weight of both white-eye pupae and newly emerged adults, extends the duration of development time and seriously interferes with the process of metamorphosis and pupation. The transcriptome sequencing showed that ELF-EMF exposure decreases the nutrient and energy metabolism and impedes the degradation of larvae tissues and rebuilding of pupae tissues in the metamorphosis process. The results provide an experimental basis and a new perspective for the protection of honeybee populations from ELF-EMF pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12182420
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    Analysis of Vibration Monitoring Data of Flexible Suspension Lifting Structure Based on Time-Varying Theory
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 22 ( 2020-11-18), p. 6586-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 22 ( 2020-11-18), p. 6586-
    Abstract: An elevator is a typical flexible lifting machine. In order to monitor the vibration of elevator structure, the vibration characteristics of an elevator with a traction ratio of 1:1 has been tested experimentally. Sensors were arranged on the platform frame, car roof, and hoist rope to test the vibrations of the elevator in both ascending and descending conditions. The transverse, longitudinal, and coupled transverse-longitudinal vibrations were compared and analyzed. Further, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method was used to examine the power spectral density (PSD) of the test results, and the main frequency distribution and influencing factors of the vibration of elevator components were investigated. The results revealed that the transverse and longitudinal vibrations of the platform frame were low-frequency vibrations, which was attributed to the elastic interaction between the platform frame and the car frame. The form and amplitude of longitudinal vibration of the car frame were basically consistent with those of the platform frame, but PSD of the transverse vibration had an obvious peak in the high-frequency region. The transverse and longitudinal vibration frequencies of the hoist rope were higher. Furthermore, the peak PSD value of transverse vibration of the hoist rope was 421 times larger than that of the car frame, so a small disturbance at the end of the rope could lead to a huge disturbance in the center of the rope. Overall, this study provides useful insights on designing an elevator monitoring sensor and relevant data processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20226586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    How Do Two- and Three-Dimensional Urban Structures Impact Seasonal Land Surface Temperatures at Various Spatial Scales? A Case Study for the Northern Part of Brooklyn, New York, USA
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-19), p. 3283-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-19), p. 3283-
    Abstract: Identifying the driving factors of urban land surface temperatures (U-LSTs) is critical in improving urban thermal environments and in supporting the sustainable development of cities. Previous studies have demonstrated that two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) urban structure parameters (USPs) largely influence seasonal U-LSTs. However, the effects of 2D and 3D USPs on seasonal U-LSTs at different spatial scales still await a general explanation. In this study, we used very-high-resolution remotely sensed data to investigate how 2D and 3D USPs impact seasonal U-LSTs at different spatial scales (including pixel and city block scales). In addition, the influences of various functional zones on U-LSTs were analyzed. The results show that, (1) generally, the links between USPs and U-LSTs at the city block scale were more obvious than those at the pixel scale, e.g., the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between U-LST and the mean building height at the city block scale (summer: r = −0.156) was higher than that at the pixel scale (summer: r = −0.081). Tree percentage yielded a considerable cooling effect on summer U-LSTs on both the pixel (r = −0.199) and city block (r = −0.369) scales, and the effect was more obvious in regions with tall trees. (2) The independently total explained variances (R2) of 3D USPs on seasonal U-LSTs were considerably higher than those of 2D USPs in most urban functional zones (UFZs), suggesting the distinctive roles of 3D USPs in U-LST regulation at the local scale. Three-dimensional USPs (R2 value = 0.66) yielded more decisive influences on summer U-LSTs than 2D USPs did (R2 value = 0.48). (3) Manufacturing zones yielded the highest U-LST, followed by residential and commercial zones. Notably, it is found that the explained variances of the total study area for seasonal U-LSTs were significantly lower than those of each UFZ, suggesting the different roles of 2D and 3D USPs played in various UFZs and that it is critical to explain U-LST variations by using UFZs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13163283
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Flight Muscle and Wing Mechanical Properties are Involved in Flightlessness of the Domestic Silkmoth, Bombyx mori
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Insects Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 220-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 220-
    Abstract: Flight loss has occurred in many winged insect taxa. The flightless silkmoth Bombyx mori, is domesticated from the wild silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, which can fly. In this paper, we studied morphological characteristics attributed to flightlessness in silkmoths. Three domestic flightless B. mori strains and one B. mandarina population were used to compare morphological components of the flight apparatus, including wing characteristics (shape, forewing area, loading, and stiffness), flight muscle (weight, ratio, and microscopic detail) and body mass. Compared with B. mandarina, B. mori strains have a larger body, greater wing loading, more flexible wings and a lower flight muscle ratio. The arrangement in microscopy of dorsal longitudinal flight muscles (DLFMs) of B. mori was irregular. Comparative analysis of the sexes suggests that degeneration of flight muscles and reduction of wing mechanical properties (stiffness) are associated with silkmoth flightlessness. The findings provide important clues for further research of the molecular mechanisms of B. mori flight loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects11040220
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Home Range and Habitat Use of Breeding Black-necked Cranes
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-10-28), p. 1975-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-10-28), p. 1975-
    Abstract: To effectively protect a species, understanding its habitat needs and threats across its life-history stages is necessary. The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is an endangered wetland bird species of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, which is an important grazing area in China. To overcome the conflict between increasing grazing activities and the protection of wild cranes, we investigated the variation of habitat utilization within the home range of cranes at different stages (preincubation, incubation, postfledging, and fully fledged stages). We manually tracked 13 pairs of cranes in the Zoige international wetland, used the fixed-kernel-polygon (FKP) method to determine home-range size, and used satellite images to identify different habitat types. The average home-range size was 143.38 ± 34.46 ha. Cranes were most often located in meadow habitats followed by marsh meadows and marshes. During the postfledging stage, home-range size was significantly decreased, with the proportion of marsh habitat slightly increased. Since this stage is crucial for young-crane survival, research on the importance of marshes and effective protection measures should be further strengthened.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10111975
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    ZIF-8-Derived Hollow Carbon for Efficient Adsorption of Antibiotics
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-01-18), p. 117-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-01-18), p. 117-
    Abstract: The harmful nature of high concentrations of antibiotics to humans and animals requires the urgent development of novel materials and techniques for their absorption. In this work, CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide)-assisted synthesis of ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework)-derived hollow carbon (ZHC) was designed, prepared, and used as a high-performance adsorbent, and further evaluated by Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption experiments, dynamic analysis, as well as theoretical calculation. The maximum capacities of ZHC for adsorbing tetracycline (TC), norfloxacin (NFO), and levofloxacin (OFO) are 267.3, 125.6, and 227.8 mg g-1, respectively, which delivers superior adsorptive performance when compared to widely studied inorganic adsorbates. The design concept of ZIF-8-derived hollow carbon material provides guidance and insights for the efficient adsorbent of environmental antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9010117
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Fostering Knowledge Collaboration in Construction Projects: The Role of BIM Application
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Buildings Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 812-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 812-
    Abstract: Knowledge collaboration is beneficial for project parties to assess valuable knowledge resources from others in order to enhance their competitive advantages. However, knowledge collaboration is hampered by the special project environment and temporary structure of construction projects. Based on relational contract theory, this study employs trust and relational norms as the two relational governance mechanisms for improving knowledge collaboration. Next, this study explores the effect of relational governance mechanisms on knowledge collaboration and the moderating role of the building information modelling (BIM) application level. We collected data from 166 responses in construction projects. Our results reveal that relational norms significantly impact knowledge collaboration, which is contrary to the effect of trust. Furthermore, the BIM application level has an interactive effect with relational norms, which improves knowledge collaboration. These findings reveal that the level of BIM application significantly affects the effectiveness of relational governance mechanisms. This study suggests that project managers should help project parties to develop BIM responsibilities in order to facilitate collaborative performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings13030812
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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