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  • MDPI AG  (19)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Spring Festival Travel on Epidemic Spreading in China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Viruses Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-07-10), p. 1527-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-07-10), p. 1527-
    Abstract: The large population movement during the Spring Festival travel in China can considerably accelerate the spread of epidemics, especially after the relaxation of strict control measures against COVID-19. This study aims to assess the impact of population migration in Spring Festival holiday on epidemic spread under different scenarios. Using inter-city population movement data, we construct the population flow network during the non-holiday time as well as the Spring Festival holiday. We build a large-scale metapopulation model to simulate the epidemic spread among 371 Chinese cities. We analyze the impact of Spring Festival travel on the peak timing and peak magnitude nationally and in each city. Assuming an R0 (basic reproduction number) of 15 and the initial conditions as the reported COVID-19 infections on 17 December 2022, model simulations indicate that the Spring Festival travel can substantially increase the national peak magnitude of infection. The infection peaks arrive at most cities 1–4 days earlier as compared to those of the non-holiday time. While peak infections in certain large cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, are decreased due to the massive migration of people to smaller cities during the pre-Spring Festival period, peak infections increase significantly in small- or medium-sized cities. For a less transmissible disease (R0 = 5), infection peaks in large cities are delayed until after the Spring Festival. Small- or medium-sized cities may experience a larger infection due to the large-scale population migration from metropolitan areas. The increased disease burden may impose considerable strain on the healthcare systems in these resource-limited areas. For a less transmissible disease, particular attention needs to be paid to outbreaks in large cities when people resume work after holidays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v15071527
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 2
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    Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Reveals Molecular Basis-Associated Auxin and Photosynthesis with Bolting Induced by High Temperature
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-28), p. 2967-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-28), p. 2967-
    Abstract: Bolting is a key process in the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). A high temperature can induce early bolting, which decreases both the quality and production of lettuce. However, knowledge of underlying lettuce bolting is still lacking. To better understand the molecular basis of bolting, a comparative proteomics analysis was conducted on lettuce stems, during the bolting period induced by a high temperature (33 °C) and a control temperature (20 °C) using iTRAQ-based proteomics, phenotypic measures, and biological verifications using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The high temperature induced lettuce bolting, while the control temperature did not. Of the 5454 identified proteins, 619 proteins presented differential abundance induced by high-temperature relative to the control group, of which 345 had an increased abundance and 274 had a decreased abundance. Proteins with an abundance level change were mainly enriched in pathways associated with photosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism involved in auxin (IAA) biosynthesis. Moreover, among the proteins with differential abundance, proteins associated with photosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism were increased. These findings indicate that a high temperature enhances the function of photosynthesis and IAA biosynthesis to promote the process of bolting, which is in line with the physiology and transcription level of IAA metabolism. Our data provide a first comprehensive dataset for gaining novel understanding of the molecular basis underlying lettuce bolting induced by high temperature. It is potentially important for further functional analysis and genetic manipulation for molecular breeding to breed new cultivars of lettuce to restrain early bolting, which is vital for improving vegetable quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102967
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    An Optimal Nucleic Acid Testing Strategy for COVID-19 during the Spring Festival Travel Rush in Mainland China: A Modelling Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-12), p. 1788-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-12), p. 1788-
    Abstract: Western countries are experiencing surges in COVID-19 cases and deaths due to increasing public transportation during holiday seasons. This study aimed to explore whether mainland China will face an epidemic rebound during the Spring Festival holiday, when millions of Chinese people travel across the country, and investigate which nucleic acid testing (NAT) strategy is optimal to contain the epidemic. A microsimulation model was used to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission among railway travelers and evaluated the effects of various NAT strategies. An extended susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model was built to forecast local transmission during the Spring Festival period under different scenarios of testing strategies. The total number of infections, testing burden, and medical expenditure were calculated to devise an optimal strategy during the Spring Festival travel rush. Assuming the daily incidence of 20 per 10 million persons, our model simulated that there would be 97 active infections on the day of travel among 10 million railway passengers without NAT and symptom screening. Pre-travel testing could reduce the number of active infections. Compared with no NAT, testing passengers from risk tier 2–4 regions 3 days before travelling could significantly reduce the risk of transmission, and it is more economical and efficient than testing for all passengers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041788
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Photoprotective Effects of Cannabidiol against Ultraviolet-B-Induced DNA Damage and Autophagy in Human Keratinocyte Cells and Mouse Skin Tissue
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-10-10), p. 6740-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-10-10), p. 6740-
    Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a phytocannabinoid with various beneficial effects for the skin, including anti-photoaging effects, but its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. The study assessed CBD’s photoprotective effects against acute ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage in HaCaT human keratinocyte cells and murine skin tissue. CBD (8 μM) alleviated UVB-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HaCaT cells. The contents of γH2AX and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were decreased after CBD treatment. CBD reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and modulated the expression of antioxidant-related proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in UVB-stimulated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, CBD mitigated the UVB-induced cytotoxicity by activating autophagy. In addition, a cream containing 5% CBD showed effectiveness against UVB-induced photodamage in a murine model. The CBD cream improved the skin’s condition by lowering the photodamage scores, reducing abnormal skin proliferation, and decreasing expression of the inflammation-related protein cyclooxygenase-2 in UVB-irradiated skin tissue. These findings indicate that CBD might be beneficial in alleviating UVB-induced skin damage in humans. The photoprotective effects of CBD might be attributed to its modulatory effects on redox homeostasis and autophagy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196740
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana crassa Inhibit β-Amyloid42 Production and Phospho-Tau (Thr217)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-12), p. 1487-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2023-01-12), p. 1487-
    Abstract: Eleven monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including three new ones, tabercrassines A–C (1–3), were isolated from the seeds of Tabernaemontana crassa. Tabercrassine A (1) is an ibogan–ibogan-type bisindole alkaloid which is formed by the polymerization of two classic ibogan-type monomers through a C3 unit aliphatic chain. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD spectra. Cellular assays showed that alkaloids 1–3 all reduce Aβ42 production and inhibit phospho-tau (Thr217), a new biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease [AD] associated with BACE1-, NCSTN-, GSK3β-, and CDK5-mediated pathways, suggesting these alkaloids’ potential against AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021487
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Atomic Simulations of the Interaction between a Dislocation Loop and Vacancy-Type Defects in Tungsten
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-22), p. 368-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-22), p. 368-
    Abstract: Tungsten (W) is considered to be the most promising plasma-facing material in fusion reactors. During their service, severe irradiation conditions create plenty of point defects in W, which can significantly degrade their performance. In this work, we first employ the molecular static simulations to investigate the interaction between a 1/2[111] dislocation loop and a vacancy-type defect including a vacancy, di-vacancy, and vacancy cluster in W. The distributions of the binding energies of a 1/2[111] interstitial and vacancy dislocation loop to a vacancy along different directions at 0 K are obtained, which are validated by using the elasticity theory. The calculated distributions of the binding energies of a 1/2[111] interstitial dislocation loop to a di-vacancy and a vacancy cluster, showing a similar behavior to the case of a vacancy. Furthermore, we use the molecular dynamics simulation to study the effect of a vacancy cluster on the mobility of the 1/2[111] interstitial dislocation loop. The interaction is closely related to the temperature and their relative positions. A vacancy cluster can attract the 1/2[111] interstitial dislocation loop and pin it at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the 1/2[111] interstitial dislocation loop can move randomly. These results will help us to understand the essence of the interaction behaviors between the dislocation loop and a vacancy-type defect and provide necessary parameters for mesoscopic scale simulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12030368
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 7
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    Comparative Study on Pharmacokinetics of Four Active Compounds in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Raw and Wine Processed Chuanxiong Rhizoma
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2019-12-25), p. 93-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2019-12-25), p. 93-
    Abstract: In Chinese medicine, the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis could be enhanced after Chuanxiong Rhizoma is processed by wine. However, the relevant mechanism remains unclear. In this manuscript, a rapid and sensitive quantification method employing ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was established and validated to simultaneously determine butylidenephthalide, ligustilide, senkyunolide A and ferulic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of raw Chuanxiong Rhizoma (RCR) and wine-processed Chuanxiong Rhizoma (WCR) respectively. All analytes were extracted from plasma by proteins precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil GOLD C18 column by using a gradient mobile phase system of acetonitrile and water with 0.01% formic acid, the flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. For exact mass detecting, quick switching mode was used, positive and negative ions could be detected in one injection. The pharmacokinetic profiles of four components in the two groups were evaluated and compared. The results showed that, compared to the RCR group, the Vd and AUC0→t values of four active compounds were increased and decreased respectively in WCR group, which revealed the effect of wine processing to Chuanxiong Rhizoma: the stronger the effect, the wider the distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010093
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Retinal Angiogenesis by Specnuezhenide, an Effective Constituent of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., through Suppression of the HIF-1α/VEGF Signaling Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2016-12-21), p. 1756-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2016-12-21), p. 1756-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121756
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of the Performance of the Horizontal Drain in Drainage of the Infiltrated Water from Slope Soil under Rainfall Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-09-25), p. 14163-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-09-25), p. 14163-
    Abstract: It is known that rainwater infiltration is crucial for rainfall-induced slope failure because the infiltrated water can significantly weaken the shear strength of unsaturated soil. Horizontal drains are commonly used to provide appropriate drainage for the rainwater that percolates out of a slope. However, the effects of the length and location of the subsoil pipe on the performance of horizontal drains have not been extensively investigated. In this paper, a parametric analysis by using a numerical model was adopted to investigate the distribution of pore-water pressure in a slope. The results reveal that an inclination angle of 10–15 degrees and strategic placement at the slope toe and mid-slope provide optimal drainage performance, as compared to the effect of pipe length. Multi-layers of horizontal drain (based on 10 m length) are recommended for slopes with a height of more than 15 m.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151914163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    Towards Wearable Comprehensive Capture and Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Activity during Human Locomotion
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2019-01-07), p. 195-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2019-01-07), p. 195-
    Abstract: Background: Motion capture and analyzing systems are essential for understanding locomotion. However, the existing devices are too cumbersome and can be used indoors only. A newly-developed wearable motion capture and measurement system with multiple sensors and ultrasound imaging was introduced in this study. Methods: In ten healthy participants, the changes in muscle area and activity of gastrocnemius, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of right leg during walking were evaluated by the developed system and the Vicon system. The existence of significant changes in a gait cycle, comparison of the ankle kinetic data captured by the developed system and the Vicon system, and test-retest reliability (evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) in each channel’s data captured by the developed system were examined. Results: Moderate to good test-retest reliability of various channels of the developed system (0.512 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.988, p 〈 0.05), significantly high correlation between the developed system and Vicon system in ankle joint angles (0.638R ≤ 0.707, p 〈 0.05), and significant changes in muscle activity of gastrocnemius during a gait cycle (p 〈 0.05) were found. Conclusion: A newly developed wearable motion capture and measurement system with ultrasound imaging that can accurately capture the motion of one leg was evaluated in this study, which paves the way towards real-time comprehensive evaluation of muscles and joint motions during different activities in both indoor and outdoor environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19010195
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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