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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Communication Performance Assessment for Advanced Metering Infrastructure
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2018-12-28), p. 88-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2018-12-28), p. 88-
    Abstract: Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), the foundation of smart grids, can be used to provide numerous intelligent power applications and services based on the data acquired from AMI. Effective and efficient communication performance between widely-spread smart meters and Data Concentrator Units (DCUs) is one of the most important issues for the successful deployment and operation of AMI and needs to be further investigated. This paper proposes an effective Communication Performance Index (CPI) to assess and supervise the communication performance of each smart meter. Some communication quality measurements that can be easily acquired from a smart meter such as reading success rate and response time are used to design the proposed CPI. Fuzzy logic is adopted to combine these measurements to calculate the proposed CPI. The CPIs for communication paths, DCUs and whole AMI can then be derived from meter CPIs. Simulation and experimental results for small-scale AMIs demonstrate the validity of the proposed CPI. Through the calculated CPIs, the communication performance and stability for AMI can be effectively assessed and supervised.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12010088
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Novel Method for Estimating Phosphor Conversion Efficiency of Light-Emitting Diodes
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Crystals Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2018-11-27), p. 442-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2018-11-27), p. 442-
    Abstract: This study presents a novel method for estimating the phosphor conversion efficiency of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with different ratios of phosphors. Numerous attempts have been made for predicting the phosphor conversion efficiency of WLEDs using Monte Carlo ray tracing and the Mie scattering theory. However, because efficiency depends on the phosphor concentration, obtaining a tight match between this model and the experimental results remains a major challenge. An accurate prediction depends on various parameters, including particle size, morphology, and packaging process criteria. Therefore, we developed an efficient model that can successfully correlate the total absorption ratio to the phosphor concentration using a simple equation for estimating the spectra and lumen output. The novel and efficient method proposed here can accelerate WLED development by reducing costs and saving fabrication time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst8120442
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 3
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    Lipid-Free Parenteral Nutrition Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hepatic Dysfunction in Surgical Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-08-25), p. 1096-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-08-25), p. 1096-
    Abstract: To evaluate the effects of lipid-free parenteral nutrition (PN) and various intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) on hepatic function in surgical critically ill trauma/acute care surgery patients. We retrospectively reviewed trauma/acute care surgery patients without admission hepatic disorder that received PN. The PN groups include lipid-free, soybean oil/medium-chain triglyceride, olive oil-based, and fish-oil contained PN. We excluded patients with (1) age 〈 18 years, (2) without surgery, (3) preexisting liver injury/diseases, (4) hyperbilirubinemia at admission, (5) received more than one type of PN, and (6) repeated ICU episodes in the same hospitalization. Hepatic dysfunction was considered as serum total–bilirubin 〉 6.0 mg/dL. The demographics, severity score, comorbidities, blood stream infection, and mortality were collected for analyses. The major outcome is hepatic function. We also performed analyses stratified by separated lipid doses (g/kg/day). A total of 249 patients were enrolled. There were no demographic differences among groups. The lipid-free PN group had a higher incidence of hepatic dysfunction and mortality. Compared to the lipid-free group, the other three IVFEs had significantly lower risks of hepatic dysfunction, while the olive oil-based group had a significantly lower risk of 30 and 90-day mortality. After being stratified by separating lipid doses, the soybean oils showed a decreasing trend of hepatic dysfunction and mortality with increased dosage. Fish oil 〉 0.05 g/kg/day was associated with lower hepatic dysfunction incidences. Our findings suggest that, when compared to IVFEs, surgical critically ill patients with trauma/acute care surgery that received lipid-free PN are associated with an increased risk of hepatic dysfunction. In addition, the olive oil-based group had a significantly lower risk of mortality, while fish oil 〉 0.05 g/kg/day was associated with lower incidences of hepatic dysfunction; however, further studies are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091096
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 4
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    Implementation and Evaluation of 5G MEC-Enabled Smart Factory
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Electronics Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-09), p. 1310-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-09), p. 1310-
    Abstract: A 5G network can provide more comprehensive bandwidth connectivity for the industry 4.0 environment, which requires faster and tremendous data transmission. This study demonstrates the 5G network performance evaluation with MEC, without MEC, WiFi 6, and Ethernet networks. Usually, a 5G network engages with Multi-access Edge Computing, providing the computing functions dedicated to the users on edge nodes. The MEC network architecture presents significant facilities, a network schematic, and data transmission routers. The field test performs high-definition streaming video and heavy-traffic load testing to evaluate the performance based on different protocols by comparing throughput, latency, jitter, and packet loss rate. MEC network performance, streaming video performance, and load test evaluation results reveal that the 5G network working with MEC achieved better performance than when it was working without MEC. The MEC can improve data transmission efficiency by dedicated configuration but is only accessible with authentication from mobile network operators (MNOs). Therefore, MNOs should offer industrial private network users partial authentication for accessing MEC functionality to improve network feasibility and efficiency. In conclusion, this work illustrates the 5G network implementation and performance measurement for constructing a smart factory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics12061310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Global Compressive Loading from an Ultra-Thin PEEK Button Augment Enhances Fibrocartilage Regeneration of Rotator Cuff Enthesis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-09), p. 565-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-09), p. 565-
    Abstract: A PEEK button is developed to improve the tendon-to-bone compression area. In total, 18 goats were divided into 12-week, 4-week, and 0-week groups. All underwent bilateral detachment of the infraspinatus tendon. In the 12-week group, 6 were fixed with a 0.8–1 mm-thick PEEK augment (A-12, Augmented), and 6 were fixed with the double-row technique (DR-12). Overall, 6 infraspinatus were fixed with PEEK augment (A-4) and without PEEK augment (DR-4) in the 4-week group. The same condition was performed in the 0-week groups (A-0 and DR-0). Mechanical testing, immunohistochemistry assessment, cell responses, tissue alternation, surgical impact, remodeling, and the expression of type I, II, and III collagen of the native tendon-to-bone insertion and new footprint areas were evaluated. The average maximum load in the A-12 group (393.75 (84.40) N) was significantly larger than in the TOE-12 group (229.17 (43.94) N) (p 〈 0.001). Cell responses and tissue alternations in the 4-week group were slight. The new footprint area of the A-4 group had better fibrocartilage maturation and more type III collagen expression than in DR-4 group. This result proved the novel device is safe and provides superior load-displacement to the double-row technique. There is a trend toward better fibrocartilage maturation and more collagen III secretions in the PEEK augmentation group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050565
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 6
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    Bis(chloroacetamidino)-Derived Heteroarene-Fused Anthraquinones Bind to and Cause Proteasomal Degradation of tNOX, Leading to c-Flip Downregulation and Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-28), p. 4719-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-28), p. 4719-
    Abstract: Anthraquinone-based intercalating compounds, namely doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, have been used clinically based on their capacity to bind DNA and induce DNA damage. However, their applications have been limited by side effects and drug resistance. New-generation anthraquinone derivatives fused with different heterocycles have been chemically synthesized and screened for higher anticancer potency. Among the compounds reported in our previous study, 4,11-bis(2-(2-chloroacetamidine)ethylamino)anthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-dione dihydrochloride (designated 2c) was found to be apoptotic, but the direct cellular target responsible for the cytotoxicity remained unknown. Here, we report the synthesis and anticancer properties of two other derivatives, 4,11-bis(2-(2-chloroacetamidine)ethylamino)naphtho[2,3-f] indole-5,10-dione dihydrochloride (2a) and 4,11-bis(2-(2-chloroacetamidine)ethylamino)-2-methylanthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione dihydrochloride (2b). We sought to identify and validate the protein target(s) of these derivatives in oral cancer cells, using molecular docking simulations and cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA). Our CETSA results illustrate that these derivatives targeted the tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX, ENOX2), and their direct binding downregulated tNOX in p53-functional SAS and p53-mutated HSC-3 cells. Interestingly, the compounds targeted and downregulated tNOX to reduce SIRT1 deacetylase activity and increase Ku70 acetylation, which triggers c-Flip ubiquitination and induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells. Together, our data highlight the potential value of these heteroarene-fused anthraquinones in managing cancer by targeting tNOX and augmenting apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194719
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 7
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    Construction of a Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Zn-Co-S/Graphene Nanocomposites for Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-02), p. 1475-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-06-02), p. 1475-
    Abstract: Nanocomposites of the binary transition metal sulfide Zn-Co-S/graphene (Zn-Co-S@G) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method. They may be useful in the construction of an electrochemical immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) detection. Zn-Co-S dot-like nanoparticles uniformly covered the surface of graphene to form an interconnected conductive network, ensuring strong interaction between transition metal sulfide and graphene, which can expose numerous electroactive sites leading to the improvement of the amplified electrochemical signal toward a direct reduction of H2O2. Thus, the construction of an electrochemical immunosensor using Zn-Co-S@G nanocomposites showed outstanding sensing properties for detecting CA19-9. The constructed electrochemical immunosensor exhibited a good linear relationship in the range of 6.3 U·mL−1–300 U·mL−1, with the limit of detection at 0.82 U·mL−1, which makes it a promising candidate for an electrochemical immunosensor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11061475
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation System Integrated with Deep Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-20), p. 617-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-20), p. 617-
    Abstract: Most current surgical navigation methods rely on optical navigators with images displayed on an external screen. However, minimizing distractions during surgery is critical and the spatial information displayed in this arrangement is non-intuitive. Previous studies have proposed combining optical navigation systems with augmented reality (AR) to provide surgeons with intuitive imaging during surgery, through the use of planar and three-dimensional imagery. However, these studies have mainly focused on visual aids and have paid relatively little attention to real surgical guidance aids. Moreover, the use of augmented reality reduces system stability and accuracy, and optical navigation systems are costly. Therefore, this paper proposed an augmented reality surgical navigation system based on image positioning that achieves the desired system advantages with low cost, high stability, and high accuracy. This system also provides intuitive guidance for the surgical target point, entry point, and trajectory. Once the surgeon uses the navigation stick to indicate the position of the surgical entry point, the connection between the surgical target and the surgical entry point is immediately displayed on the AR device (tablet or HoloLens glasses), and a dynamic auxiliary line is shown to assist with incision angle and depth. Clinical trials were conducted for EVD (extra-ventricular drainage) surgery, and surgeons confirmed the system’s overall benefit. A “virtual object automatic scanning” method is proposed to achieve a high accuracy of 1 ± 0.1 mm for the AR-based system. Furthermore, a deep learning-based U-Net segmentation network is incorporated to enable automatic identification of the hydrocephalus location by the system. The system achieves improved recognition accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.93%, 93.85%, and 95.73%, respectively, representing a significant improvement from previous studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050617
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 9
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    High Stability of Liquid-Typed White Light-Emitting Diode with Zn0.8Cd0.2S White Quantum Dots
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-02), p. 415-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-02), p. 415-
    Abstract: In this study, we demonstrate a new design of white light-emitting diode (WLED) with high stability and luminous efficiency as well as positive aging. Colloidal ternary Zn0.8Cd0.2S (named Zn0.8) white quantum dots (WQDs) were prepared by chemical route and dispersed in xylene, integrating them into an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) to form WQD-white light emitting diode (WQD-WLED). High efficiency, high color quality and excellent reliability of WQD-WLED with neutral white correlated color temperature (CCT) can be obtained. The experimental results indicate that the stability of relative luminous efficiency and color rendering index (CRI) of the WQD-WLED can reach up to 160 and 82%, respectively. Moreover, the WQD-WLED can operate more than 1000 h under 100 mA, and the quantity of WQDs in the glass package can be reduced.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11040415
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 10
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    Parameter Optimization of Magnetic Components for Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converters Using a Digital Twin
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 15 ( 2023-08-02), p. 5773-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 15 ( 2023-08-02), p. 5773-
    Abstract: Due to their significant performance, Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converters (PSFBCs) have gained widespread adoption in medium- and high-power applications. The performance of a PSFBC is greatly influenced by its magnetic components, namely the transformer and resonance inductor. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a parameter optimization of magnetic components for PSFBCs, specifically the transformer turns ratio and resonance inductor value, to enhance conversion efficiency and minimize operational loss. A digital twin of PSFBCs enabling a more accurate loss estimation is proposed to achieve this objective. The proposed loss estimation method precisely calculates the effective and circulation intervals and the corresponding current points of the primary-side transformer current, resulting in improved accuracy. By leveraging the digital twin, the effects of transformer turns ratio and resonant inductor value on the conversion efficiency of a PSFBC can be efficiently simulated. This facilitates the parameter optimization of magnetic components, thereby minimizing operational losses across different application scenarios. This paper also designs and implements a PSFBC prototype with a rated input voltage of 380 V, output voltage of 24 V, and output current of 20 A. The experimental results show the influences of transformer turns ratio and resonant inductor value on the PSFBC and validate the proposed digital twin. The proposed parameter optimization of magnetic components is further evaluated across two application scenarios with varying utilization rates. The simulation results indicate a reduction of approximately 14% in operational loss per hour after applying the parameter optimization of magnetic components for the PSFBC used as a battery charger. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed digital twin in designing PSFBCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16155773
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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