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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Lignans from Schisandra chinensis Rattan Stems against Aβ1-42-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats and Neurotoxicity in Primary Neuronal Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2018-04-10), p. 870-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2018-04-10), p. 870-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040870
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Transport Emissions and Energy Consumption Impacts of Private Capital Investment in Public Transport
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2017-10-03), p. 1760-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2017-10-03), p. 1760-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su9101760
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Inositol Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Leaves of Solanum capsicoides Allioni
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 6063-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 6063-
    Abstract: Eight new inositol derivatives, solsurinositols A–H (1–8), were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of the leaves of Solanum capsicoides Allioni. Careful isolation by silica gel column chromatography followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed us to obtain analytically pure compounds 1–8. They shared the same relative stereochemistry on the ring but have different acyl groups attached to various hydroxyl groups. This was the first time that inositol derivatives have been isolated from this plant. The chemical structures of compounds 1–8 were characterized by extensive 1D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 2D NMR and mass analyses. Meanwhile, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of all compounds was determined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia, and among the isolates, compounds 5 (IC50 = 11.21 ± 0.14 µM) and 7 (IC50 = 14.5 ± 1.22 µM) were shown to have potential anti-inflammatory activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186063
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    Recognition of Upper Limb Action Intention Based on IMU
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2022-03-02), p. 1954-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2022-03-02), p. 1954-
    Abstract: Using motion information of the upper limb to control the prosthetic hand has become a hotspot of current research. The operation of the prosthetic hand must also be coordinated with the user’s intention. Therefore, identifying action intention of the upper limb based on motion information of the upper limb is key to controlling the prosthetic hand. Since a wearable inertial sensor bears the advantages of small size, low cost, and little external environment interference, we employ an inertial sensor to collect angle and angular velocity data during movement of the upper limb. Aiming at the action classification for putting on socks, putting on shoes and tying shoelaces, this paper proposes a recognition model based on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm of the motion unit. Based on whether the upper limb is moving, the complete motion data are divided into several motion units. Considering the delay associated with controlling the prosthetic hand, this paper only performs feature extraction on the first motion unit and the second motion unit, and recognizes action on different classifiers. The experimental results reveal that the DTW algorithm based on motion unit bears a higher recognition rate and lower running time. The recognition rate reaches as high as 99.46%, and the average running time measures 8.027 ms. In order to enable the prosthetic hand to understand the grasping intention of the upper limb, this paper proposes a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model based on 10-fold cross-validation. The motion state of the upper limb is subdivided, and the static state is used as the sign of controlling the prosthetic hand. This paper applies a 10-fold cross-validation method to train the neural network model to find the optimal smoothing parameter. In addition, the recognition performance of different neural networks is compared. The experimental results show that the GRNN model based on 10-fold cross-validation exhibits a high accuracy rate, capable of reaching 98.28%. Finally, the two algorithms proposed in this paper are implemented in an experiment of using the prosthetic hand to reproduce an action, and the feasibility and practicability of the algorithm are verified by experiment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22051954
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Research on Upper Limb Action Intention Recognition Method Based on Fusion of Posture Information and Visual Information
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 3078-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 3078-
    Abstract: A prosthetic hand is one of the main ways to help patients with upper limb disabilities regain their daily living abilities. Prosthetic hand manipulation must be coordinated with the user’s action intention. Therefore, the key to the control of the prosthetic hand is to recognize the action intention of the upper limb. At present, there are still problems such as difficulty in decoding information and a low recognition rate of identifying action intention with EMG signals and EEG signals. While inertial sensors have the advantages of low cost and high accuracy and posture information can characterize the upper limb motion state, visual information has the advantages of high information and being able to detect the type of target objects, which can be complementarily fused with inertial sensors to further grasp the human motion requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes an upper limb action intention recognition method based on the fusion of posture information and visual information. The inertial sensor is used to collect the attitude angle data during the movement of the upper limb, and according to the similarity of the human upper limb structure to the linkage mechanism, a model of the upper limb of the human body is established using the positive kinematics theory of a mechanical arm to solve the upper limb end positions. The upper limb end positions were classified into three categories: torso front, upper body nearby, and the initial position, and a multilayer perceptron model was trained to learn the classification relationships. In addition, a miniature camera was installed on the hand to obtain visual image information during upper limb movement. The target objects are detected using the YOLOv5 deep learning method, and then, the target objects are classified into two categories: wearable items and non-wearable items. Finally, the upper limb intention is jointly decided by the upper limb motion state, target object type, and upper limb end position to achieve the control of the prosthetic hand. We applied the upper limb intention recognition method to the experimental system of a mechanical prosthetic hand and invited several volunteers to test it. The experimental results showed that the intention recognition success rate reached 92.4%, which verifies the feasibility and practicality of the upper limb action intention recognition method based on the fusion of posture information and visual information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11193078
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 6
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    Mechanism of Pydiflumetofen Resistance in Fusarium graminearum in China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 62-
    Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a widespread and devastating disease of wheat. In the absence of resistant varieties, the control of FHB relies heavily on the application of fungicides, and the new generation SDHI fungicide, pydiflumetofen, has recently been registered in China for the control of FHB in wheat. The current study explored three genetically stable, highly resistant laboratory mutants (S2-4-2R, S27-3R, and S28-2R, with EC50 values of 25.10, 28.57, and 19.22 μg/mL, respectively) to investigate the potential risks associated with pydiflumetofen resistance. Although the mycelial growth of the mutants differed little compared to their parental isolates, the study found that the resistant mutants exhibited significantly reduced (p 〈 0.05) levels of sporulation and pathogenicity, which suggests a significant fitness cost associated with pydiflumetofen resistance in F. graminearum. Sequence analysis of the Sdh target protein identified numerous amino acid substitutions in the predicted sequences of the four subunits: FgSdhA, FgSdhB, FgSdhC, and FgSdhD. Indeed, the mutants were found to have a series of substitution in multiple subunits such that all three exhibited five identical changes, including Y182F in the FgSdhA subunit; H53Q, C90S, and A94V in FgSdhB; and S31F in FgSdhC. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that all of the FgSdh genes had significantly altered expression (p 〈 0.05), particularly FgSdhA and FgdhC, which exhibited remarkably low levels of expression. However, the study found no evidence of cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole, fludioxonil, prochloraz, fluazinam, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, or difenoconazole, which indicates that these fungicides, either in rotation or combination with pydiflumetofen, could mitigate the risk of resistance emerging and provide ongoing control of FHB to ensure high and stable wheat yields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Oleanolic Acid Derivative against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2017-03-06), p. 553-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2017-03-06), p. 553-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030553
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Early Feeding Regime of Waste Milk, Milk, and Milk Replacer for Calves Has Different Effects on Rumen Fermentation and the Bacterial Community
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Animals Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-07-15), p. 443-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-07-15), p. 443-
    Abstract: We investigated the effects of different types of early feeding on rumen fermentation parameters and the bacterial community in calves. Fifty-four Holstein calves were assigned to three treatments and fed whole milk (M), pasteurized waste milk (WM), or milk replacer (MR). Male calves were slaughtered at the age of two months to measure the stomach masses. The female calves were followed for six months to determine the body weight, blood indices, rumen fermentation, and ruminal bacterial community. At the age of two months, the average daily gain was lower, but the concentration of total volatile fatty acids was greater in the MR group. Starter intake and stomach mass were lower, but the isovalerate molar proportion was greater in the WM group. The blood indices and ruminal bacterial community of the WM group differed from those of the other groups. At the age of six months, the ruminal propionate molar proportion was lower, but the ruminal pH and acetate/propionate ratio were greater in the MR group. In conclusion, calves fed WM had different rumen fermentation and bacterial community during the weaning period, whereas feeding MR produced a long-lasting effect on the rumen environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani9070443
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    AT-101 Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Lenalidomide in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-12), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-12), p. 477-
    Abstract: Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins play a role in multiple myeloma (MM) cell survival, for which targeted inhibitors are being developed. AT-101 is an oral drug, which disrupts Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 function, impedes mitochondrial bioenergetic processes and induces apoptosis in MM cells. When combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd), AT-101 significantly reduced tumor burden in an in vivo xenograft model of MM. These data provided rationale for a phase I/II study to establish the effective dose of AT-101 in combination with Rd (ARd regimen) in relapsed/refractory MM. A total of 10 patients were enrolled, most with high-risk cytogenetics (80%) and prior stem cell transplant (70%). Three patients were lenalidomide-refractory, 2 were bortezomib-refractory and 3 were daratumumab-refractory. The ARd combination was well tolerated with most common grade 3/4 adverse events being cytopenia’s. The overall response rate was 40% and clinical benefit rate was 90%. The median progression free survival was 14.9 months (95% CI 7.1-NE). Patients responsive to ARd showed a decrease in Bcl-2:Bim or Mcl-1:Noxa protein complexes, increased CD8+ T and NK cells and depletion of T and B-regulatory cells. The ARd regimen demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and promising efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory MM prompting further investigation in additional patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 10
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    Mitochondria and Lysosomes Participate in Vip3Aa-Induced Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 Cell Apoptosis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-13), p. 116-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-02-13), p. 116-
    Abstract: Vip3Aa, a soluble protein produced by certain Bacillus thuringiensis strains, is capable of inducing apoptosis in Sf9 cells. However, the apoptosis mechanism triggered by Vip3Aa is unclear. In this study, we found that Vip3Aa induces mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by signs of collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c, and caspase-9 and -3 activation. Meanwhile, our results indicated that Vip3Aa reduces the ability of lysosomes in Sf9 cells to retain acridine orange. Moreover, pretreatment with Z-Phe-Tyr-CHO (a cathepsin L inhibitor) or pepstatin (a cathepsin D inhibitor) increased Sf9 cell viability, reduced cytochrome c release, and decreased caspase-9 and -3 activity. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Vip3Aa promotes Sf9 cell apoptosis by mitochondrial dysfunction, and lysosomes also play a vital role in the action of Vip3Aa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020116
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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