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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Replication of a Dog-Origin H6N1 Influenza Virus in Cell Culture and Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-06-30), p. 704-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-06-30), p. 704-
    Abstract: The world’s first natural avian-origin H6N1 influenza A virus infection case in dogs was confirmed in Taiwan in 2014. The H6N1 virus in chickens has been endemic in Taiwan since 1972. Whether the dog H6N1 virus has interspecies transmission potential is the key issue we aim to understand. Following one virus passage in embryonated eggs and two further passages in MDCK cells, we obtained two virus derivatives, E01EE (PB1 739E and PB2 627E) and E01GK (PB1 739G and PB2 627K), respectively. The pathogenicity of E01EE and E01GK was investigated using plaque assay, growth dynamic analysis and cell viability quantification in cells from different animal species. The impact of amino acid mutation on PB1 739 and PB2 627 on viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) activity was also analyzed. Further mouse infection experiments were performed. The results showed that both E01EE and E01GK decreased cell relative viability of canine MDCK cells, human A549 cells and chicken DF1 cells. E01Gk caused greater cellular harm in MDCK and A549 cells and had significantly higher virus titers in all of the cells compared to E01EE. The PB2 627K but not PB1 739G was the critical mutation that influenced the viral RNP activity. Both E01EE and E01GK caused mice pneumonia and considerable virus shedding, especially E01GK. This report verifies PB2 E627K mutation in virulence and spotlights the potential for the dog H6N1 virus to extend interspecies transmission.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12070704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptation Scheduling for Urban Traffic Lights via FNT-Based Prediction of Traffic Flow
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-20), p. 658-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-20), p. 658-
    Abstract: By linking computational intelligence technology directly to urban transportation systems, a framework for scheduling traffic lights is proposed to enhance their flexibility in adaptation to traffic fluctuation. First, based on the flexible neural tree (FNT) theory, an algorithm for predicting the traffic flow is designed to obtain the variance tendency of traffic load. After that, a strategy for adjusting the duration of traffic signal cycle is designed to tackle the problem of overload or lightweight traffic flow in the next-time frame. While predetermining the duration of signal cycle in the next-time frame, from a utilization perspective, an elastic-adaption strategy for scheduling the separate phase’s green traffic lights is derived from the analytical solution, which is obtained from a designed trade-off scheduling optimization problem to increase the adaptability for the upcoming traffic flow. The experiment results show that the proposed framework can effectively reduce the delay and stopping rate of vehicles, and improves the adaptability for the upcoming traffic flow.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11040658
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Macular Thickness in Alzheimer’s Dementia with Different Neuropsychological Severities
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-10), p. 1118-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-10), p. 1118-
    Abstract: This retrospective case-control study aimed to investigate associations between disease severity of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and macular thickness. Data of patients with AD who were under medication (n = 192) between 2013 and 2020, as well as an age- and sex-matched control group (n = 200) with normal cognitive function, were included. AD patients were divided into subgroups according to scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Macular thickness was analyzed via the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid map. AD patients had significant reductions in full macula layers, including inner circle, outer inferior area, and outer nasal area of the macula. Similar retinal thinning was noted in ganglion cells and inner plexiform layers. Advanced AD patients (MMSE score 〈 18 or CDR ≥ 1) showed more advanced reduction of macular thickness than the AD group (CDR = 0.5 or MMSE ≥ 18), indicating that severe cognitive impairment was associated with thinner macular thickness. Advanced AD is associated with significant macula thinning in full retina and inner plexiform layers, especially at the inner circle of the macula. Macular thickness may be a useful biomarker of AD disease severity. Retinal imaging may be a non-invasive, low-cost surrogate for AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071118
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applying a Radiation Therapy Volume Analysis Pipeline to Determine the Utility of Spectroscopic MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Tomography Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-05-21), p. 1052-1061
    Details
    In: Tomography, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-05-21), p. 1052-1061
    Abstract: Accurate radiation therapy (RT) targeting is crucial for glioblastoma treatment but may be challenging using clinical imaging alone due to the infiltrative nature of glioblastomas. Precise targeting by whole-brain spectroscopic MRI, which maps tumor metabolites including choline (Cho) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), can quantify early treatment-induced molecular changes that other traditional modalities cannot measure. We developed a pipeline to determine how spectroscopic MRI changes during early RT are associated with patient outcomes to provide insight into the utility of adaptive RT planning. Data were obtained from a study (NCT03137888) where glioblastoma patients received high-dose RT guided by the pre-RT Cho/NAA twice normal (Cho/NAA ≥ 2x) volume, and received spectroscopic MRI scans pre- and mid-RT. Overlap statistics between pre- and mid-RT scans were used to quantify metabolic activity changes after two weeks of RT. Log-rank tests were used to quantify the relationship between imaging metrics and patient overall and progression-free survival (OS/PFS). Patients with lower Jaccard/Dice coefficients had longer PFS (p = 0.045 for both), and patients with lower Jaccard/Dice coefficients had higher OS trending towards significance (p = 0.060 for both). Cho/NAA ≥ 2x volumes changed significantly during early RT, putting healthy tissue at risk of irradiation, and warranting further study into using adaptive RT planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-139X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/tomography9030086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2857000-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Infrared Light Emission Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 2996-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-08-30), p. 2996-
    Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered considerable attention due to their advantageous properties, including tunable bandgap, prominent carrier mobility, tunable response and absorption spectral band, and so forth. The above-mentioned properties ensure that 2D materials hold great promise for various high-performance infrared (IR) applications, such as night vision, remote sensing, surveillance, target acquisition, optical communication, etc. Thus, it is of great significance to acquire better insight into IR applications based on 2D materials. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of 2D materials in IR light emission device applications. First, we introduce the background and motivation of the review, then the 2D materials suitable for IR light emission are presented, followed by a comprehensive review of 2D-material-based spontaneous emission and laser applications. Finally, further development directions and challenges are summarized. We believe that milestone investigations of 2D-material-based IR light emission applications will emerge soon, which are beneficial for 2D-material-based nano-device commercialization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12172996
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metal-Bearing Nanoparticles Observed in Soils and Fault Gouges over the Shenjiayao Gold Deposit and Their Significance
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Minerals Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-07-05), p. 414-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2019-07-05), p. 414-
    Abstract: Mineral deposits concealed by thick cover sequences present special problems for geochemical exploration. A variety of penetrating geochemical methods have been developed in the last few decades to explore for buried deposits. The theoretical basis of the mechanism by which metals migrate upward from buried deposits through the cover to the surface is still not fully understood. One hypothesis is that metal particles or metal elements could be carried onto bubbles or micro-flow of geogas and migrate upward to the surface. After years of study, nano-scale metal-bearing particles have been widely observed in geogas samples from different kinds of concealed deposits. However, the occurrence of these metal-bearing particles carried by geogases in near-surface media, such as soil, has not been studied in detail. In this study, metal-bearing nanoparticles were observed in samples from soils and fault gouges over the Shenjiayao gold deposit. The results indicate that (1) the ore-forming elements in soils can only come from deep-seated ore bodies and they occur in nanoparticles in the study area; (2) there is an obvious relationship between metal nanoparticles in fault gouges and soils; (3) the metallic nanoparticles in fault gouges represent a transitional phase along the whole vertical migration process. In addition, the observation results show that the metal-bearing nanoparticles tend to be adsorbed on the surface of clay minerals, which provide theoretical support for using fine fraction soils as sampling media to carry out geochemical exploration in sediment-covered terrains. Based on the results and discussion, a simple migration model was built in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min9070414
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Single-Phase Bidirectional AC/DC Converter for V2G Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Energies Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2017-06-30), p. 881-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2017-06-30), p. 881-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en10070881
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two New Neo-debromoaplysiatoxins—A Pair of Stereoisomers Exhibiting Potent Kv1.5 Ion Channel Inhibition Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2019-11-21), p. 652-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2019-11-21), p. 652-
    Abstract: A pair of stereoisomers possessing novel structures with 6/6/5 fused-ring systems, neo-debromoaplysiatoxin E (1) and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin F (2), were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. Their structures were elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques including high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The absolute stereochemistry was determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR shift calculation followed by DP4+ analysis. Significantly, this is the first report on aplysiatoxin derivatives with different absolute configurations at C9–C12 (1: 9S, 10R, 11S, 12S; 2: 9R, 10S, 11R, 12R). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent blocking activities against Kv1.5 with IC50 values of 1.22 ± 0.22 μM and 2.85 ± 0.29 μM, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17120652
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of the Lateral Dynamic Displacement of High-Rise Buildings under Wind Load Based on Fusion of a Remote Sensing Vibrometer and an Inclinometer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 1120-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-01), p. 1120-
    Abstract: This paper proposes a novel method to estimate the lateral displacement of high-rise structures under wind loads. The coefficient β(x) is firstly derived, reflecting the relation between the structural lateral dynamic displacement and the inclination angle at the height x of a structure. If the angle is small, it is the ratio between the structural fundamental mode shape and its first-order derivative without influence of external loads. Several dynamic experiments of structures are performed based on a laser remote sensing vibrometer and an inclinometer, which shows that the fundamental mode is dominated in the structural displacement response under different types of excitations. Once the coefficient β(x) is curve-fitted by measuring both the structural lateral dynamic displacement and the inclination angle synchronously, the real-time structural lateral displacement under operational conditions is estimated by multiplying the coefficient β(x) with the inclination angle. The advantage of the proposed method is that the coefficient β(x) can be identified by lateral dynamic displacement measured in high resolution by the remote sensing vibrometer, which is useful to reconstruct the displacement accurately by the inclination angle under operational conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12071120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Fatigue and Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides Isolated from Millettiae speciosae Champ. Leguminosae
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2015-10-21), p. 8657-8669
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2015-10-21), p. 8657-8669
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu7105422
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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