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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Dissection of Phosphorus Use Efficiency in a Maize Association Population under Two P Levels in the Field
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 9311-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 9311-
    Abstract: Phosphorus (P) deficiency is an important challenge the world faces while having to increase crop yields. It is therefore necessary to select maize (Zea may L.) genotypes with high phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). Here, we extensively analyzed the biomass, grain yield, and PUE-related traits of 359 maize inbred lines grown under both low-P and normal-P conditions. A significant decrease in grain yield per plant and biomass, an increase in PUE under low-P condition, as well as significant correlations between the two treatments were observed. In a genome-wide association study, 49, 53, and 48 candidate genes were identified for eleven traits under low-P, normal-P conditions, and in low-P tolerance index (phenotype under low-P divided by phenotype under normal-P condition) datasets, respectively. Several gene ontology pathways were enriched for the genes identified under low-P condition. In addition, seven key genes related to phosphate transporter or stress response were molecularly characterized. Further analyses uncovered the favorable haplotype for several core genes, which is less prevalent in modern lines but often enriched in a specific subpopulation. Collectively, our research provides progress in the genetic dissection and molecular characterization of PUE in maize.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179311
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid Hemostatic Biomaterial from a Natural Bath Sponge Skeleton
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2021-04-15), p. 220-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2021-04-15), p. 220-
    Abstract: Uncontrolled bleeding is the main cause of mortality from trauma. Collagen has been developed as an important hemostatic material due to its platelet affinity function. A bath sponge skeleton is rich in collagen, also known as spongin. To understand the hemostatic effect of spongin, spongin materials, SX, SFM and SR were prepared from the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, and hemostatic experiments were performed. The SX, SFM and SR were significantly better than the positive control, type I collagen, in shortening the whole blood clotting time in vitro and hemostasis upon rat tail amputation. In a hemostatic experiment of rabbit common carotid artery injury, the hemostatic time and 3 h survival rate of the SFM group were 3.00 ± 1.53 min and 100%, respectively, which are significantly better than those of the commercial hemostat CELOX-A (10.33 ± 1.37 min and 67%, respectively). Additionally, the SFM showed good coagulation effects in platelet-deficient blood and defibrinated blood, while also showing good biocompatibility. Through a variety of tests, we speculated that the hemostatic activity of the SFM is mainly caused by its hyperabsorbency, high affinity to platelets and high effective concentration. Overall, the SFM and spongin derivates could be potential hemostatic agents for uncontrolled bleeding and hemorrhagic diseases caused by deficiency or dysfunction of coagulation factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md19040220
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Approach for Measurement of Free-Form Optical Elements with Digital Holographic Microscopy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-12), p. 1719-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-12), p. 1719-
    Abstract: Free-form optical elements face significant challenges in high-precision measurement due to their high complexity and non-rotational symmetry. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM), as one of the methods for the measurement of free-form optical elements, has promising applications due to its ultra-high precision and non-destructive and fast characteristics. Therefore, we have designed a novel measurement method that combines transmission DHM and reflection DHM to obtain thickness information and surface information of elements to deduce the 3D structure. With this method, we completed the measurement of a free-form optical element. The DHM system we built has recorded holograms under 4× and 20× objectives and successfully recovered the 3D surface shape of the element. The measurements are consistent with the designed and manufactured parameters, demonstrating the unique advantages of DHM for measuring special types of optical elements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13101719
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Improving Stability and Colloidal Dispersity of CsPbBr3@SiO2 Nanoparticles Based on In-Situ Synthesis in Entropy Ligands Functionalized SiO2 Nanoreactor
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Crystals Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-09-24), p. 1165-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2021-09-24), p. 1165-
    Abstract: Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have witnessed unprecedented development in optoelectronic fields over the past few years. However, their intrinsic ionic structural instability still dramatically hinders their practical applications. Reliably improving the stability of PNCs while retaining their colloidal dispersity remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report a new strategy whereby CsPbBr3 nanoparticles are grown in situ in an entropy ligand-functionalized SiO2 nanoreactor. Consequently, the as-obtained CsPbBr3@SiO2 NPs show outstanding stability and colloidal dispersity in various non-polar solvents and have good solution processability, which are unattainable by conventional template-assisted methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101165
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecosystem Service Responses to Land Use Change in Southern Guangzhou—The Practice of Applying Natural Resources Integrated Database for Research
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-07-04), p. 1012-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-07-04), p. 1012-
    Abstract: Based on the equivalent factor table of terrestrial ESV in China in 2010, this paper proposes a regionalized and interannual ESV correction method. Taking southern Guangzhou as the study area, which is located in the geometric center of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GHM GBA), this study evaluated the ecosystem service equivalent value (ESEV) and ecosystem service value (ESV) and their changes in 2004, 2010 and 2016 and carried out grid processing, trend analysis and global/local spatial autocorrelation of the ecosystem service density (ESD) in the study area by using the Natural Resources Integrated Database of Guangdong Province (NRIDB). The results of data processing and spatial analysis computed in this study were published as Web services through the NRIDB and displayed in the visualization front-end. The results showed that (1) during 2004–2016, the urbanization process in the study area led to the expansion of built-up land, which occupied a large amount of ecological land and resulted in a decreasing trend of ESV. (2) Benefiting from socioeconomic development, the standard value volume of the ESEV (D value) kept increasing, which resulted in an increasing trend for the total ESV. (3) The spatial autocorrelation analysis results of ESD indicated that the spatial distribution of ESD in the study area had strong spatial agglomeration and positive spatial correlation. With the progress of urbanization and increases in research scale and interval distance, the spatial difference in ESD became larger over time. The research results provide a reference for the coordinated allocation of natural resources and environmental protection in the GHM GBA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11071012
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    A Study on the Preparation and Cavitation Erosion Mechanism of Polyether Polyurethane Coating
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 22 ( 2022-11-18), p. 8204-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 22 ( 2022-11-18), p. 8204-
    Abstract: Polyurethane elastomers are anticipated to be applied in the field of cavitation erosion (CE) resistance, but their protection and damage mechanisms are not clear, which greatly restricts their further development. In this article, five polyether polyurethanes (PUx) with different crosslinking densities were prepared. Their mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption, surface morphology and chemical structure before and after CE tests were compared with ESEM, OM, TG-DSC, FTIR and XPS in detail. The results showed that with an increase in crosslinking density, the tensile strength of PUx increased first and then decreased, elongation at break and water absorption reduced gradually and thermal decomposition temperature and adhesion strength increased steadily. During the CE process, cavitation load aggravated the degree of microphase separation and made brittle hard segments concentrate on the coating surface; meanwhile, cavitation heat accelerated hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation and the fracture of molecular chains. As a result, the mechano-thermal coupling intensified the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks, which should be the fundamental reason for the CE damage of polyurethane elastomer. PU0.4 exhibited the best CE resistance among the five coatings thanks to its good comprehensive properties and may find potential applications on the surface of hydraulic components.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15228204
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HMCA-Contour: A Visual Basic Program Based on Surfer Automation for Soil Heavy Metal Spatial Distribution and Contamination Assessment Mapping
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-20), p. 2282-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-20), p. 2282-
    Abstract: Soil heavy metal contamination has become a major concern in many parts of the world. Grasping the spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals and evaluating soil heavy metal contamination are of great significance to policy makers for land use planning and pollution identification. However, these processes usually involve repetitive calculation and plotting, which are time-consuming and laborious, especially in a geochemical survey. In this paper, HMCA-Contour, which is a program written in Visual Basic based on Surfer 13.0, has been designed to simplify the pollution indices recalculation and plotting routines. This software is comprised of three functions, i.e., data processing, plotting, and template setting. With user-friendly interfaces, the user can easily and efficiently calculate pollution indices and generate batch publication-quality maps of heavy metal spatial distribution and pollution levels. To demonstrate the advantage of HMCA-Contour, a case study from the Gaerqin Mine area is used in this paper. HMCA-Contour, as a brand new software, is promising and will become a useful tool for environmental management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13042282
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Influence of the Internal Structure Type of a Large-Area Lower Exhaust Workbench on Its Surface Air Distribution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-10), p. 11395-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-10), p. 11395-
    Abstract: Local exhaust ventilation is an important method of contamination control, and the type of exhaust hood and the air distribution at the hood face have an important influence on the contamination control effect. When the hood face is large, it is difficult to create a uniform airflow distribution at the hood face, which if achieved, could improve the effect of contamination control. To that end, the large-area workbench used in the process of vaccine purification was taken as the research subject prototype for this study. According to the methods for generating a uniform airflow distribution at the hood face, the lower exhaust workbenches of four structures were established using CAD and simulated using Ansys Fluent. The best uniformity of workbench surface air distribution was with Structure-4, while the worst was with Structure-1. The workbench surface airflow distribution could not achieve uniformity when only an inclined bottom was used for the large-area lower exhaust workbench with one side outlet. The more internal slits there were, the greater the air distribution area and the more uniform the air distribution. The width of the area of workbench surface airflow distribution was determined by the width of the slits. The numerical simulation results were verified by experiments, which showed them to be credible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamical Modulation of Transverse Orbital Angular Momentum in Highly Confined Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Photonics Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-01-31), p. 148-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2023-01-31), p. 148-
    Abstract: Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) have attracted numerous attention from researchers in recent years due to their intriguing characteristics with transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the spatiotemporal domain. In this work, we numerically analyze the tightly focusing characteristics of higher-order STOVs and present a method to dynamically modulate the transverse OAM in highly confined STOVs. Richards–Wolf vectorial diffraction theory was employed to simulate the three-dimensional spatiotemporal distribution of the focused STOV corresponding to the incident wave packet of topological charge of −2. The simulation results show that the higher-order spatiotemporal vortices in the transversely polarized components of the focused wave packets split into two first-order vortices with topological charge of −1 when the waist radius of the incident wave packet was larger than 40% of the pupil radius of the focusing lens, and the spacing of the two split vortices could be tailored by adjusting the waist radius of the incident wave packet. Meanwhile, the incident spatial waist radius also affected the tilt angle of the phase singularity trace in the z-polarized component of the focused field. The presented method provides a flexible way to dynamically engineer the spatiotemporal vortices in the tightly focused wave packet and may find potential applications in nanophotonics, light–matter interaction, quantum information processing, etc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics10020148
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 10
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    Ventilation Capacities of Chinese Industrial Cities and Their Influence on the Concentration of NO2
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-12), p. 3348-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-12), p. 3348-
    Abstract: Most cities in China, especially industrial cities, are facing severe air pollution, which affects the health of the residents and the development of cities. One of the most effective ways to alleviate air pollution is to improve the urban ventilation environment; however, few studies have focused on the relationship between them. The Frontal Area Index (FAI) can reflect the obstructive effect of buildings on wind. It is influenced by urban architectural form and is an attribute of the city itself that can be used to accurately measure the ventilation capacity or ventilation potential of the city. Here, the FAIs of 45 industrial cities of different sizes in different climatic zones in China were computed, and the relationship between the FAI and the concentration of typical pollutants, i.e., NO2, were analyzed. It was found that (1) the FAIs of most of the industrial cities in China were less than 0.45, indicating that most of the industrial cities in China have excellent and good ventilation capacities; (2) there were significant differences in the ventilation capacities of different cities, and the ventilation capacity decreased from the temperate to the tropical climate zone and increased from large to small cities; (3) there was a significant difference in the ventilation capacity in winter and summer, indicating that that with the exception of building height and building density, wind direction was also the main influencing factor of FAI; (4) the concentration of NO2 was significantly correlated with the FAI, and the relative contribution of the FAI to the NO2 concentration was stable at approximately 9% and was generally higher than other socioeconomic factors. There was a turning point in the influence of the FAI on the NO2 concentration (0.18 〈 FAI 〈 0.49), below which the FAI had a strong influence on the NO2 concentration, and above which the influence of the FAI became weaker. The results of this study can provide guidance for suppressing urban air pollution through urban planning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14143348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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