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  • MDPI AG  (147)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laser-Induced Forward Transferred Optical Scattering Nanosilica for Transparent Displays
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-19), p. 3674-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-19), p. 3674-
    Abstract: Laser printing has become a promising alternative for large-scale fabrication of functional devices. Here, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of nanosilica was successfully achieved using a lower-cost nanosecond laser with a center wavelength of 1064 nm. To enhance the light absorption of silica, a small amount of graphene oxide (GO) was added to the fumed silica. Investigations were conducted to give an insight into the role of GO in the LIFT process. Pattern deposition was achieved with a minimum line width of 221 μm. The scattering can be tuned from ~2.5% to ~17.5% by changing the laser fluence. The patternable transparent display based on laser transferred nanosilica (LTNS) film was also demonstrated, showing its capability to deliver information on multiple levels. This LIFT based technique promotes fast, flexible, and low-cost manufacturing of scattering-based translucent screens or patterns for transparent displays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12203674
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influence of Presentation Frames of Visualization Information for Safety on Situational Awareness under a Three-Level User-Interface Design
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2023-02-14), p. 3325-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2023-02-14), p. 3325-
    Abstract: To explore the influence of the construction and presentation frames of visualization information for safety (VIS) on people’s situation awareness (SA), we designed a three-level user interface (UI) of VIS based on the three-stage SA theory, including perception (SA1), comprehension (SA2), and projection (SA3). Then, 166 subjects were recruited and divided into three groups to participate in the experiment, in which SA was measured by the situation-present-assessment method (SPAM) and situation-awareness-rating technique (SART), and eye-movement data were recorded. The results show that the level−3 UI design could effectively improve the subjects’ SA levels. Although the increase in VIS displayed caused by the higher UI level led to a decrease in the perception-stage score of SA, the level−3 UI fully considered the three stages of human information processing, and helped improve the SA of the subjects; the overall SA score measured using the SART method was not significant, but the result was consistent with the SPAM. There was a framing effect on the presentation of VIS, and subjects perceived different degrees of risk under different presentation frames; that is, less risk under the positive frame, more risk under the negative frame, and a higher level of SA under the positive frame compared with the negative frame. To some extent, the nearest-neighbor-index (NNI) algorithm could be utilized to quantify subjects’ eye-tracking fixation mode. While the frames were guided by the high-level interface and the positive presentation frame, the distribution of the subjects’ gaze points was more discrete; they could grasp the relevant information more comprehensively and had a relatively high level of SA. To some extent, this study can provide a reference for the design and optimization of the VIS presentation interface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043325
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MsYSL6, A Metal Transporter Gene of Alfalfa, Increases Iron Accumulation and Benefits Cadmium Resistance
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2023-10-05), p. 3485-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2023-10-05), p. 3485-
    Abstract: Iron (Fe) is necessary for plant growth and development. The mechanism of uptake and translocation in Cadmium (Cd) is similar to iron, which shares iron transporters. Yellow stripe-like transporter (YSL) plays a pivotal role in transporting iron and other metal ions in plants. In this study, MsYSL6 and its promoter were cloned from leguminous forage alfalfa. The transient expression of MsYSL6-GFP indicated that MsYSL6 was localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The expression of MsYSL6 was induced in alfalfa by iron deficiency and Cd stress, which was further proved by GUS activity driven by the MsYSL6 promoter. To further identify the function of MsYSL6, it was heterologously overexpressed in tobacco. MsYSL6-overexpressed tobacco showed better growth and less oxidative damage than WT under Cd stress. MsYSL6 overexpression elevated Fe and Cd contents and induced a relatively high Fe translocation rate in tobacco under Cd stress. The results suggest that MsYSL6 might have a dual function in the absorption of Fe and Cd, playing a role in the competitive absorption between Fe and Cd. MsYSL6 might be a regulatory factor in plants to counter Cd stress. This study provides a novel gene for application in heavy metal enrichment or phytoremediation and new insights into plant tolerance to toxic metals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12193485
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Comparative Study on the Uptake and Toxicity of Nickel Added in the Form of Different Salts to Maize Seedlings
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2015-11-30), p. 15075-15087
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2015-11-30), p. 15075-15087
    Abstract: In soil ecotoxicological studies, a toxic metal is usually added in the form of either an inorganic or organic salt with relatively high solubility. Nitrate, chloride, acetate, or sulfate are commonly considered as valid options for that aim. However, recent studies have shown that different salts of the same metal at the same cationic concentration may exhibit different toxicities to plants and soil organisms. This information should be considered when selecting data to use for developing toxicological criteria for soil environment. A comparative study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of five nickel (Ni) salts: NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(II)-citrate, Ni(CH3COO)2, and Ni(II)-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), on maize seedlings. The plant metrics used were plant height, shoot and root biomass, leaf soluble sugars and starch, and the Ni contents of the shoots and roots. The results indicated that when Ni was added to the soil, toxicity varied with the selected anionic partner with the following toxicity ranking NiSO4 〈 Ni(CH3COO)2 〈 Ni(II)-citrate 〈 NiCl2 〈 Ni(II)-EDTA. Taking the plant-height metric as an example, the effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) were 3148 mg·kg−1 for NiSO4, 1315 mg·kg−1 for NiCl2, and 89 mg·kg−1 for Ni(II)-EDTA. Compared with the Ni in the other salts, that in Ni(II)-EDTA was taken up the most efficiently by the maize roots and, thus, resulted in the greatest toxic effects on the plants. Nickel generally reduced leaf soluble sugars, which indicated an effect on plant carbohydrate metabolism. The outcome of the study demonstrates that different salts of the same metal have quite different ecotoxicities. Therefore, the anionic counterpart of a potentially toxic metal cation must be taken into account in the development of ecotoxicological criteria for evaluating the soil environment, and a preferred approach of leaching soil to reduce the anionic partner should also be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121214972
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics and Transformation Mechanism of Nonmetallic Inclusions in 304 Stainless Steel during Heat Treatment at 1250 °C
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2020-11-27), p. 5396-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2020-11-27), p. 5396-
    Abstract: Evolutions of two typical types of nonmetallic inclusions, i.e., inclusions based on CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 and MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 of 304 stainless steel were investigated in laboratory-scale experiments under isothermal heat treatment at 1250 °C for 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. Results show inclusion population density increases at the first stage and then decreases while their average size decreases and then increases. Moreover, almost no Cr2O3 content within the inclusion before the heat treatment, but Cr2O3 content increases gradually along with increasing heat treatment time. Furthermore, the increasing of Cr2O3 content in the inclusions would increase their melting points and reduce their plasticities. The experimental results and thermodynamic analysis indicate that there are three steps for inclusion evolution during the heat treatment process, in which Ostwald ripening plays an important role in inclusion evolution, i.e., inclusions grow by absorbing the newly formed small-size MnO-Cr2O3 inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13235396
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phillygenin Attenuated Colon Inflammation and Improved Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in DSS-induced Colitis Mice via TLR4/Src Mediated MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-01-23), p. 2238-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2023-01-23), p. 2238-
    Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing, and nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Phillygenin (PHI), a natural bioactive ingredient, isolated from Forsythiae Fructus, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hepatoprotective activities. However, few reports provide direct evidence on the efficacy of PHI in improving colitis mice. The present study elucidated that the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice were alleviated after PHI administration, including body weight loss, the disease activity index, colon length shortening, colonic pathological damage, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. PHI treatment improved the intestinal mucosal barrier by protecting goblet cells, promoting gene expressions of Clca1, Slc26a3, and Aqp8, increasing tight junction proteins (TJs), and reducing epithelial cell apoptosis. In addition, the levels of oxidative stress (MPO, SOD, and MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were reversed by PHI in colitis mice. According to transcriptome and network pharmacology analysis, inflammatory pathway might be an important mechanism for PHI to improve colitis. Western blotting displayed that the PHI inhibited the activation of tyrosine kinase Src mediated by TLR4, and then reduced the phosphorylation of downstream proteins p38, JNK, and NF-κB in colitis mice. In summary, our results suggested that PHI might be an appropriate and effective drug candidate to protect colitis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032238
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inoculation with Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria and Its Effect on the Medicinal Characteristics of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 21-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 21-
    Abstract: Potassium (K) use efficiency in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis production is relatively low, and the excessive use of K fertilization has negative environmental impacts. Bacterial isolates can effectively alleviate this situation. The present work aimed to analyze the effects of different combinations of three potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) (Bacillus thuringiensis, B. polymyxa, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus) on K in soil and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The results showed that the contents of different forms of K were increased after the application of KSB. Compared with the control group, the maximum increases of slow-acting K, available K, quick-acting K, exchangeable K, and water-soluble K were 32.6% under inoculation with both P. amylolyticus and B. polymyxa, 73.5% with B. thuringiensis, 114.0% with B. thuringiensis, 83.2% with P. amylolyticus, and 210.0% with B. thuringiensis, respectively. This promoted the conversion of soil K to the form of K with high plant availability. Pseudo-protodiosgenin and diosgenin H contents were improved by KSB inoculations, which promoted medicinal quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations among the five forms of K in the soil in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the inoculation of KSB effectively improved the plant availability of soil K and medicinal quality of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, providing a path for sustainable production of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13010021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of miRNAs Targeted Storage Regulatory Genes during Soybean Seed Development Based on Transcriptome Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-05-28), p. 408-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-05-28), p. 408-
    Abstract: Soybeans are an important cash crop and are widely used as a source of vegetable protein and edible oil. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous small RNA that play an important regulatory role in the evolutionarily conserved system of gene expression. In this study, we selected four lines with extreme phenotypes, as well as high or low protein and oil content, from the chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) constructed from suinong (SN14) and ZYD00006, and planted and sampled at three stages of grain development for small RNA sequencing and expression analysis. The sequencing results revealed the expression pattern of miRNA in the materials, and predicted miRNA-targeted regulatory genes, including 1967 pairs of corresponding relationships between known-miRNA and their target genes, as well as 597 pairs of corresponding relationships between novel-miRNA and their target genes. After screening and annotating genes that were targeted for regulation, five specific genes were identified to be differentially expressed during seed development and subsequently analyzed for their regulatory relationship with miRNAs. The expression pattern of the targeted gene was verified by Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our research provides more information about the miRNA regulatory network in soybeans and further identifies useful genes that regulate storage during soy grain development, providing a theoretical basis for the regulation of soybean quality traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10060408
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CaHSP18.1a, a Small Heat Shock Protein from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Positively Responds to Heat, Drought, and Salt Tolerance
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-05-18), p. 117-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-05-18), p. 117-
    Abstract: Pepper is a thermophilic crop, shallow-rooted plant that is often severely affected by abiotic stresses such as heat, salt, and drought. The growth and development of pepper is seriously affected by adverse stresses, resulting in decreases in the yield and quality of pepper crops. Small heat shock proteins (s HSPs) play a crucial role in protecting plant cells against various stresses. A previous study in our laboratory showed that the expression level of CaHSP18.1a was highly induced by heat stress, but the function and mechanism of CaHSP18.1a responding to abiotic stresses is not clear. In this study, we first analyzed the expression of CaHSP18.1a in the thermo-sensitive B6 line and thermo-tolerant R9 line and demonstrated that the transcription of CaHSP18.1a was strongly induced by heat stress, salt, and drought stress in both R9 and B6, and that the response is more intense and earlier in the R9 line. In the R9 line, the silencing of CaHSP18.1a decreased resistance to heat, drought, and salt stresses. The silencing of CaHSP18.1a resulted in significant increases in relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents, while total chlorophyll content decreased under heat, salt, and drought stresses. Overexpression analyses of CaHSP18.1a in transgenic Arabidopsis further confirmed that CaHSP18.1a functions positively in resistance to heat, drought, and salt stresses. The transgenic Arabidopsis had higherchlorophyll content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase than the wild type (WT). However, the relative conductivity and MDA content were decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis compared to the wild type (WT). We further showed that the CaHSP18.1a protein is localized to the cell membrane. These results indicate CaHSP18.1a may act as a positive regulator of responses to abiotic stresses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050117
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Immersive Virtual-Reality-Based Puzzle Games in Elderly Patients with Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 79-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 79-
    Abstract: Background: The society is aging in China, and the cognitive level of elderly post-stroke patients gradually declines. Face-to-face cognitive functional training is no longer sufficient. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is a promising rehabilitation training device. In this study, we developed an IVR-based puzzle game to explore its effectiveness, feasibility, and safety in elderly stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction. Methods: A total of 30 patients with mild post-stroke cognitive impairment after stroke were randomly assigned to a control or IVR group. Patients in both groups received routine rehabilitation therapy. Patients in the control group received traditional cognitive training, and those in the IVR group received IVR-based puzzle game therapy. Before and after treatment, Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), trail-making test-A (TMT-A), digit symbol substitution test (DSST), digital span test (DST), verbal fluency test (VFT), and modified Barthel index (MBI) were evaluated in both groups. In addition, the IVR group was administered a self-report questionnaire to obtain feedback on user experience. Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups. After six weeks of treatment, the cognitive assessment scores were improved in both groups. Moreover, the IVR group showed more improvements than the control group in the DSST (Z = 2.203, p = 0.028 〈 0.05, η2 = 0.16); MOCA (T = 1.186, p = 0.246 〉 0.05, d = 0.44), TMT-A (T = 1.791, p = 0.084 〉 0.05, d = 0.65), MBI (T = 0.783, p = 0.44 〉 0.05, d = 0.28), FDST (Z = 0.78, p = 0.435 〉 0.05, η2 = 0.02), BDST (Z = 0.347, p = 0.728 〉 0.05, η2 = 0.004), and VFT(Z = 1.087, p = 0.277 〉 0.05, η2 = 0.039) did not significantly improve. The significant difference in DSST represents an improvement in executive function and visual–spatial cognitive characteristics. The other assessment scores did not show such features. Therefore, we did not observe significant differences through this measure. According to the results of the self-report questionnaire, most of the patients were satisfied with the equipment stability and training content. Several individuals reported mild adverse reactions. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that IVR-based puzzle games are a promising approach to improve post-stroke cognitive function, especially executive cognitive function, and visual–spatial attention in older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010079
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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