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  • MDPI AG  (18)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification and Characterization of Immunogene-Related Alternative Splicing Patterns and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Patterns in Breast Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-25), p. 595-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2022-01-25), p. 595-
    Abstract: Alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in tumor development and tumor microenvironment (TME) formation. However, our current knowledge about AS, especially immunogene-related alternative splicing (IGAS) patterns in cancers, remains limited. Herein, we identified and characterized post-transcriptional mechanisms of breast cancer based on IGAS, TME, prognosis, and immuno/chemotherapy. We screened the differentially spliced IGAS events and constructed the IGAS prognostic model (p-values 〈 0.001, AUC = 0.939), which could be used as an independent prognostic factor. Besides, the AS regulatory network suggested a complex cooperative or competitive relationship between splicing factors and IGAS events, which explained the diversity of splice isoforms. In addition, more than half of the immune cells displayed varying degrees of infiltration in the IGAS risk groups, and the prognostic characteristics of IGAS demonstrated a remarkable and consistent trend correlation with the infiltration levels of immune cell types. The IGAS risk groups showed substantial differences in the sensitivity of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, IGAS clusters defined by unsupervised cluster analysis had distinct prognostic patterns, suggesting an essential heterogeneity of IGAS events. Significant differences in immune infiltration and unique prognostic capacity of immune cells were also detected in each IGAS cluster. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis remarkably enhanced the understanding of IGAS patterns and TME in breast cancer, which may help clarify the underlying mechanisms of IGAS in neoplasia and provide clues to molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Inflammatory Pyranochalcone Derivative Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2017-10-10), p. 1683-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2017-10-10), p. 1683-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101683
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Compromised NHE8 Expression Is Responsible for Vitamin D-Deficiency Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 22 ( 2023-11-19), p. 4834-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 22 ( 2023-11-19), p. 4834-
    Abstract: Objectives: Vitamin D (VitD) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) are suggested to play protective roles in the intestinal barrier in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Evidence demonstrates that Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8, SLC9A8) is essential in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, regarded as a promising target for UC therapy. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of VitD/VDR on NHE8 in intestinal protection. Methods: VitD-deficient mice, VDR−/− mice and NHE8−/− mice were employed in this study. Colitis mice were established by supplementing DSS-containing water. Caco-2 cells and 3D-enteroids were used for in vitro studies. VDR siRNA (siVDR), VDR over-expression plasmid (pVDR), TNF-α and NF-κb p65 inhibitor QNZ were used for mechanical studies. The expression of interested proteins was detected by multiple techniques. Results: In colitis mice, paricalcitol upregulated NHE8 expression was accompanied by restoring colonic mucosal injury. In VitD-deficient and VDR−/− colitis mice, NHE8 expression was compromised with more serious mucosal damage. Noteworthily, paricalcitol could not prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction and histological destruction in NHE8−/− mice. In Caco-2 cells and enteroids, siVDR downregulated NHE8 expression, further promoted TNF-α-induced NHE8 downregulation and stimulated TNF-α-induced NF-κb p65 phosphorylation. Conversely, QNZ blocked TNF-α-induced NHE8 downregulation in the absence or presence of siVDR. Conclusions: Our study indicates depressed NHE8 expression is responsible for VitD-deficient-induced colitis aggravation. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of VitD/VDR in intestine protection in UC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15224834
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immune Pathways with Aging Characteristics Improve Immunotherapy Benefits and Drug Prediction in Human Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 342-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 342-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Perturbation of immune-related pathways can make substantial contributions to cancer. However, whether and how the aging process affects immune-related pathways during tumorigenesis remains largely unexplored. (2) Methods: Here, we comprehensively investigated the immune-related genes and pathways among 25 cancer types using genomic and transcriptomic data. (3) Results: We identified several pathways that showed aging-related characteristics in various cancers, further validated by conventional aging-related gene sets. Genomic analysis revealed high mutation burdens in cytokines and cytokines receptors pathways, which were strongly correlated with aging in diverse cancers. Moreover, immune-related pathways were found to be favorable prognostic factors in melanoma. Furthermore, the expression level of these pathways had close associations with patient response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Applying a net-work-based method, we predicted immune- and aging-related genes in pan-cancer and utilized these genes for potential immunotherapy drug discovery. Mapping drug target data to our top-ranked genes identified potential drug targets, FYN, JUN, and SRC. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, our systematic study helped interpret the associations among immune-related pathways, aging, and cancer and could serve as a resource for promoting clinical treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020342
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prognostic Prediction Model for Glioblastoma: A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Prediction Model and Independent External Validation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-08), p. 1341-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-02-08), p. 1341-
    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor with a poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered, iron-dependent, regulated cell death, and recent studies suggest its close correlation to GBM. The transcriptome and clinical data were obtained for patients diagnosed with GBM from TCGA, GEO, and CGGA. Ferroptosis-related genes were identified, and a risk score model was constructed using Lasso regression analyses. Survival was evaluated by univariate or multivariate Cox regressions and Kaplan–Meier analyses, and further analyses were performed between the high- and low-risk groups. There were 45 ferroptosis-related different expressed genes between GBM and normal brain tissues. The prognostic risk score model was based on four favorable genes, CRYAB, ZEB1, ATP5MC3, and NCOA4, and four unfavorable genes, ALOX5, CHAC1, STEAP3, and MT1G. A significant difference in OS between high- and low-risk groups was observed in both the training cohort (p 〈 0.001) and the validation cohorts (p = 0.029 and 0.037). Enrichment analysis of pathways and immune cells and functioning was conducted between the two risk groups. A novel prognostic model for GBM patients was developed based on eight ferroptosis-related genes, suggesting a potential prediction effect of the risk score model in GBM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041341
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Field Cognitive Styles on Visual Cognition in the Event Structure Design of Bivariate Interactive Dorling Cartogram—The Similarities and Differences of Field-Independent and Field-Dependent Users
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 574-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 574-
    Abstract: As a simple, discontinuous, surface deformation statistical map, Dorling cartograms are effective means with which to characterize the geographic distribution of event data attributes. According to existing research, behavioral differences exist in the visual cognition of individuals with different cognitive field styles in the spatial task of switching layers in a two-dimensional electronic map. However, there are few studies that compare the visual cognitive ability of individuals with different cognitive field styles in the cross-layer structure design of Dorling cartogram event information. This paper uses the visual behavior measurement method to analyze the similarities and differences in the visual cognitive ability of two types of individuals, namely, field-independent and field-dependent individuals, in the cross-layer event structure design of Dorling cartograms. We recruited 40 subjects to perform visualization tasks on Dorling cartograms designed with two event structures, and we recorded the visual cognition data for the two types of subjects in both tasks. The results show that the subjects with the field-independent style perform better in the cognition of the Dorling cartogram event structure than the subjects with the field-dependent style, and the “S-T” event structure design is generally more user-friendly than the “T-S” event structure design. Our findings help to provide some references for the event structure design of human-centered Dorling cartograms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11110574
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Mycotoxin Fumagillin, Mevastatin, Radicicol, and Wortmannin on Photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-02-02), p. 665-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-02-02), p. 665-
    Abstract: Mycotoxins are one of the most important sources for the discovery of new pesticides and drugs because of their chemical structural diversity and fascinating bioactivity as well as unique novel targets. Here, the effects of four mycotoxins, fumagillin, mevastatin, radicicol, and wortmannin, on photosynthesis were investigated to identify their precise sites of action on the photosynthetic apparatus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our results showed that these four mycotoxins have multiple targets, acting mainly on photosystem II (PSII). Their mode of action is similar to that of diuron, inhibiting electron flow beyond the primary quinone electron acceptor (QA) by binding to the secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB) site of the D1 protein, thereby affecting photosynthesis. The results of PSII oxygen evolution rate and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence imaging suggested that fumagillin strongly inhibited overall PSII activity; the other three toxins also exhibited a negative influence at the high concentration. Chl a fluorescence kinetics and the JIP test showed that the inhibition of electron transport beyond QA was the most significant feature of the four mycotoxins. Fumagillin decreased the rate of O2 evolution by interrupting electron transfer on the PSII acceptor side, and had multiple negative effects on the primary photochemical reaction and PSII antenna size. Mevastatin caused a decrease in photosynthetic activity, mainly due to the inhibition of electron transport. Both radicicol and wortmannin decreased photosynthetic efficiency, mainly by inhibiting the electron transport efficiency of the PSII acceptor side and the activity of the PSII reaction centers. In addition, radicicol reduced the primary photochemical reaction efficiency and antenna size. The simulated molecular model of the four mycotoxins’ binding to C. reinhardtii D1 protein indicated that the residue D1-Phe265 is their common site at the QB site. This is a novel target site different from those of commercial PSII herbicides. Thus, the interesting effects of the four mycotoxins on PSII suggested that they provide new ideas for the design of novel and efficient herbicide molecules.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12030665
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 8
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    The Construction of Image Reference Points and Text Appeals Information Tailoring in Promoting Diners’ Public Environment Maintenance Behavior Intention
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-11-04), p. 14477-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2022-11-04), p. 14477-
    Abstract: The environmental maintenance of public dining spaces significantly impacts urban construction’s sustainable and healthy development. This paper studied the influence of image–text information tailoring relationships on behavioral intentions to promote public dining space environment maintenance. We used a two-factor between-subject experimental design, two (image reference points: self vs. others) × two (text appeals: feasibility vs. desirability). We also examined the mediating roles of environmental maintenance attitudes and environmental responsibility perceptions as regards pro-environmental behavioral intentions. The research results showed the following: (1) Among the four image–text information construction methods, the other’s image reference point with the desirability text appeal promotes the diners’ pro-environmental behavioral intention with optimal effectiveness; and (2) Environmental maintenance attitudes and environmental responsibility perceptions play mediating roles in promoting diners’ intention to maintain environmental behavior in the image–text combined information presentation. Environmental responsibility perceptions cannot be mediated alone and must be progressively mediated with environmental maintenance attitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Optimization of Cadmium Adsorption by Magnetic Graphene Oxide Using a Fractional Factorial Design
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 18 ( 2020-09-11), p. 6648-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 18 ( 2020-09-11), p. 6648-
    Abstract: Graphene materials have attracted increasing interest in water remediation. In this study, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was prepared through the modified Hummers method and the adsorption behaviors of cadmium were investigated. Firstly, the sorption kinetics, isotherms, as well as the effects of pH were investigated. Then, fractional factorial design (FFD) was used to optimize the effects of pH, temperature, time, initial concentration of cadmium ion and NaCl on cadmium adsorption. The results indicate that MGO could effectively remove cadmium ions from an aqueous solution and the sorption data could be described well by pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, showing that the adsorption rate of cadmium ions on MGO is multilayer adsorption and dominated by the chemical adsorption. According to the FFD results, the maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium ions was 13.169 mg/g under the optimum condition of pH value 8, 45 °C, contact time 60 min, initial cadmium concentration of 70 mg/L and NaCl concentration of 100 mg/L. Higher levels of the pH value, temperature and initial cadmium concentration are beneficial to the adsorption process. These results are important for estimating and optimizing the removal of metal ions by MGO composite.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186648
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
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    Permeability Prediction of Nanoscale Porous Materials Using Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Artificial Neural Networks
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-28), p. 4668-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-28), p. 4668-
    Abstract: The permeability of porous materials determines the fluid flow rate and aids in the prediction of their mechanical properties. This study developed a novel approach that combines the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for permeability analysis and prediction in digital rock images, focusing on nanoscale porous materials in shale formations. The DCT effectively captured the morphology and spatial distribution of material structure at the nanoscale and enhanced the computational efficiency, which was crucial for handling the complexity and high dimensionality of the digital rock images. The ANN model, trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, preserved essential features and demonstrated exceptional accuracy for permeability prediction from the DCT-processed rock images. Our approach offers versatility and efficiency in handling diverse rock samples, from nanoscale shale to microscale sandstone. This work contributes to the comprehension and exploitation of unconventional resources, especially those preserved in nanoscale pore structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16134668
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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