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  • MDPI AG  (368)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Bacillus subtilis Strain ZJ20 with AFB1 Detoxification Ability: A Comprehensive Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-08-31), p. 1195-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-08-31), p. 1195-
    Abstract: As a class I carcinogen, aflatoxin can cause serious damage to various tissues and organs through oxidative stress injuries. The liver, as the target organ of AFB1, is the most seriously damaged. Biological methods are commonly used to degrade AFB1. In our study, the aflatoxin B1-degrading strain ZJ20 was screened from AFB1-contaminated feed and soil, and the degradation of AFB1 by ZJ20 was investigated. The whole genome of strain ZJ20 was analyzed, revealing the genomic complexity of strain ZJ20. The 16S rRNA analysis of strain ZJ20 showed 100% identity to Bacillus subtilis IAM 12118. Through whole gene functional annotation, it was determined that ZJ20 has high antioxidant activity and enzymatic activity; more than 100 CAZymes and 11 gene clusters are involved in the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. In addition, B. subtilis ZJ20 was predicted to contain a cluster of genes encoding AFB1-degrading enzymes, including chitinase, laccase, lactonase, and manganese oxidase. The comprehensive analysis of B. subtilis provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of the biological functions of ZJ20 and the combinatorial enzyme degradation of AFB1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12091195
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Fields on the Emotional Behavior and Spatial Memory of Adolescent Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2017-11-05), p. 1344-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2017-11-05), p. 1344-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111344
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contribution of CaBPM4, a BTB Domain–Containing Gene, to the Response of Pepper to Phytophthora capsici Infection and Abiotic Stresses
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-07-30), p. 417-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2019-07-30), p. 417-
    Abstract: The Broad-complex Tramtrack and Bric-a-brac (BTB) domain participates in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, however its role is unknown in pepper plants. CaBPM4 has meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) and BTB domains at its N- and C-termini, respectively, and it contains a 1589-bp full-length cDNA that encodes a protein containing 403 amino acids. In this study, the pepper gene CaBPM4 (Capsicum annuum BTB-POZ and MATH domain protein) was cloned, and its role in responses to Phytophthora capsici, cold, drought, and salt stress were characterized. The results of quantitative RT-PCR revealed that CaBPM4 was down-regulated under P. capsici infection, salicylic acid, H2O2, and abscisic acid treatments, while abiotic stresses, including salt, cold, and drought, enhanced its transcript level. Furthermore, CaBPM4 silencing significantly impaired resistance to P. capsici, apparently by altering the transcript level of defense-related genes CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaSAR82 and reducing root activity. However, CaBPM4-silenced plants exhibited remarkably increased peroxidase activity and decreased malondialdehyde concentrations, indicating that CaBPM4 may enhance resistance to salt and drought stress. Further study should focus on the mechanism by which CaBPM4 regulates the defense response to P. capsici infection and abiotic stresses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9080417
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurement and Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Reflective Environments at 3.6 GHz and 14.6 GHz
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2017-02-13), p. 165-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2017-02-13), p. 165-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app7020165
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanism of Land Subsidence Mutation in Beijing Plain under the Background of Urban Expansion
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 3086-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2021-08-05), p. 3086-
    Abstract: Under the background of over-exploitation of groundwater and urban expansion, the land subsidence in the Beijing Plain has dramatically increased recently, and has demonstrated obvious mutation characteristics. Firstly, this paper used the land-use transfer matrix (LUTM) to quantify the urban expansion of Beijing, from 1990 to 2015. Secondly, the gravity center migration model (GCM) and standard deviation ellipse (SDE) methods were employed in order to quantitatively reveal the response relationship between urban expansion and land subsidence in the study area. Finally, the research innovatively combines multi-disciplinary (remote sensing, geophysical prospecting, spatial analysis, and hydrogeology), to analyze the mechanism of land subsidence mutation in the Beijing Plain, at multiple scales. The results showed the following: 1. The development direction of the urban expansion and the subsidence bowl (subsidence rate 〉 50 mm/year) were highly consistent, with values of 116.8° and 113.3°, respectively. 2. At the regional scale, the overall spatial distribution of subsidence mutations is controlled by the geological conditions, and the subsidence mutation time was mainly in 2005 and 2015. The area where mutation occurred in 2005 was basically located in the subsidence bowls, and the correlation between the confined water level and the subsidence rate was relatively high (r 〉 0.62). The area where the settlement mutation occurred in 2015, was mainly located outside the subsidence bowls, and the correlation between the confined water level and the subsidence rate was relatively low (r 〈 0.71). 3. In the typical subsidence area, the subsidence mutation occurred mostly in the places where the stratigraphic density is reduced, due to human activities (such as groundwater exploitation). Human activities caused the reduction in stratigraphic density, at 20 m and 90 m vertical depth in urban and rural areas, respectively. 4. At the local scale, clusters of subsidence mutation were located in the fault buffer zone, with a lateral influence range of nearly 1 km in Tongzhou. The scattered settlement mutation is distributed as a spot pattern, and the affected area is relatively small, which basically includes high-rise buildings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13163086
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Highly Concurrent TCP Session Connection Management System on FPGA Chip
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-03), p. 385-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-03), p. 385-
    Abstract: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented data transmission protocol, and it is also the main communication protocol used for end-to-end data transmission in the current Internet. At present, the mainstream TCP protocol processing service is implemented by software running on the Central Processing Unit (CPU). However, with the rapid growth of transmission bandwidth and the number of connections, the software-based processing method is not ideal in terms of delay and throughput, and also affects the processing performance of the CPU in other applications such as virtualization services. Moreover, other hardware solutions can only support a limited number of TCP session connections. In order to improve the processing efficiency of the TCP protocol and achieve highly concurrent network services, this paper proposes a TCP offload engine (TOE) prototype system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) chips. It not only provides hardware-based data path processing, but also realizes hardware management of large-scale TCP session connection status through a multi-level cache management mechanism. Studies have shown that this solution can support 100 Gbps high-performance throughput characteristics, and allow concurrent processing of hundreds to 250,000 TCP connection state hardware maintenance on a single network node, improving the overall performance of the network system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14020385
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Industrial Agglomeration and Corporate ESG Performance: Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing and Producer Services
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2023-08-16), p. 12445-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2023-08-16), p. 12445-
    Abstract: Global climate change has emerged as a persistent global crisis. Under the dual pressures of industrial structure upgrading and ecological environment improvement, enhancing enterprise ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance can contribute to achieving sustainable development of the global economy. Selected a sample of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2020 and panel data of listed companies to empirically examine the impact of industrial agglomeration on corporate ESG performance and its heterogeneity effects. We found that industrial agglomeration generally positively affects corporate ESG performance, with the significant promotion of ESG performance in manufacturing and a “U”-shaped relationship between producer services. Influence channel analysis found that industrial agglomeration acts on corporate ESG performance through the micro-transmission mechanisms of financing constraints, investment levels, market competitiveness, and internal control. Heterogeneity research found that the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on corporate ESG performance is more significant in capital-intensive and high-end technology industries, while producer service agglomeration has a more significant effect on ESG performance for knowledge-intensive industries. This study contributes to a better understanding of the microeconomic consequences of industrial agglomeration and expands the research perspective on the internal mechanisms and external incentives of corporate ESG performance. It provides a basis for local governments to analyze the different characteristics and microeconomic consequences of industrial agglomeration and provide empirical evidence for listed companies to adjust their ESG performance structure dynamically.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151612445
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Industrial Agglomeration and Enterprise Innovation Sustainability: Empirical Evidence from the Chinese A-Share Market
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-28), p. 11660-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-28), p. 11660-
    Abstract: The data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China are selected as research samples from 2005 to 2021, using the panel data of listed companies. The empirical study examines the impact of regional industrial agglomeration levels on enterprise innovation sustainability and its heterogeneity effects. The findings reveal that industrial agglomeration in the manufacturing sector significantly hampers enterprise innovation sustainability, while agglomeration in the producer services sector promotes it. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that industrial agglomeration affects enterprise innovation sustainability through the micro-conductive mechanism of financial constraints. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on enterprise innovation sustainability is more pronounced in technology-intensive and high-end technology industries, whereas the impact of producer services agglomeration varies significantly in knowledge-intensive and resource-intensive industries. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis suggests that the influence of industrial agglomeration on enterprise innovation sustainability varies according to different firm characteristics. These research findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the microeconomic effects of industrial agglomeration and expand the research perspective on the internal mechanisms and external factors driving sustainable corporate innovation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151511660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Fatty Acid Desaturase 6 in Golden Pompano Trachinotus Ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) and Its Regulation by the PPARαb Transcription Factor
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2018-12-21), p. 23-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2018-12-21), p. 23-
    Abstract: Fatty acid desaturases are rate-limiting enzymes in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha b (PPARαb) regulates lipid metabolism in mammals, however, the mechanism whereby PPARαb regulates fatty acid desaturases is largely unknown in fish. In this study, we report the full length cDNA sequence of Trachinotus ovatus fatty acid desaturase, which encodes a 380 amino acid polypeptide, possessing three characteristic histidine domains. Phylogenetic and gene exon/intron structure analyses showed typical phylogeny: the T. ovatus fatty acid desaturase contained a highly conserved exon/intron architecture. Moreover, functional characterization by heterologous expression in yeast indicated that T. ovatus desaturase was a fatty acid desaturase, with Δ4/Δ5/Δ8 Fad activity. Promoter activity assays indicated that ToFads6 desaturase transcription was positively regulated by PPARαb. Similarly, PPARαb RNA interference decreased ToPPARαb and ToFads6 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner. Mutation analyses showed that the M2 binding site of PPARαb was functionally important for protein binding, and transcriptional activity of the ToFads6 promoter was significantly decreased after targeted mutation of M2. Electrophoretic mobile shift assays confirmed that PPARαb interacted with the binding site of the ToFads6 promoter region, to regulate ToFads6 transcription. In summary, PPARαb played a vital role in ToFads6 regulation and may promote the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by regulating ToFads6 expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toll-Like Receptor 5 of Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758): Characterization, Promoter Activity and Functional Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-18), p. 5916-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 16 ( 2020-08-18), p. 5916-
    Abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as important pattern recognition receptors, represent a significant component of fish immune systems and play an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The TLR5 subfamily contains two types of TLR5, the membrane form of TLR5 (TLR5M) and the soluble form of TLR5 (TLR5S), whose detailed functions have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we first identified two genes, TLR5M (ToTLR5M) and TLR5S (ToTLR5S), from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). The full-length ToTLR5M and ToTLR5S cDNA are 3644 bp and 2329 bp, respectively, comprising an open reading frame (ORF) of 2673 bp, encoding 890 amino acids, and an ORF of 1935 bp, encoding 644 amino acids. Both the ToTLR5s possess representative TLR domains; however, only ToTLR5M has transmembrane and intracellular TIR domains. Moreover, the transcription of two ToTLR5s was significantly upregulated after stimulation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and flagellin in both immune-related tissues (liver, intestine, blood, kidney, and skin) and nonimmune-related tissue (muscle). Furthermore, the results of bioinformatic and promoter analysis show that the transcription factors GATA-1 (GATA Binding Protein 1), C/EBPalpha (CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha), and ICSBP (Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein) may play a positive role in moderating the expression of two ToTLR5s. Overexpression of ToTLR5M and ToTLR5S notably increases NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) activity. Additionally, the binding assay revealed that two rToTLR5s can bind specifically to bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) containing Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio vulnificus, Escherichia coli, Photobacterium damselae, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, LPS, poly(I:C), flagellin, and peptidoglycan (PGN). In conclusion, the present study may help to elucidate the function of ToTLR5M/S and clarify their possible roles in the fish immune response to bacterial infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165916
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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