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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamic Effects and Regional Differences of Industrialization and Urbanization on China’s Energy Intensity under the Background of “Dual Carbon”
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-11), p. 9948-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-11), p. 9948-
    Abstract: Based on China’s provincial panel data during 2012–2019, this paper performs an empirical analysis of the dynamic effect and regional difference of industrialization and urbanization on the energy intensity in China by separating the energy intensity into three levels including low, middle and high and using the dynamic panel data with system GMM estimation. The results show that the energy intensity will increase by 0.4298% for every 1% increase in the industrialization level on the premise of keeping other variables unchanged. For every 1% increase in the urbanization level, the energy intensity will increase by 0.5674% on average. For every 1% increase in energy intensity in the previous period, the energy intensity in that year will increase by 0.7968% on average. Moreover, there are regional differences in the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the energy intensity in areas with different energy intensities. In addition, all of the factors including the development level of the regional economy, energy price, and technological innovation have different effects on the energy intensity in China. Meanwhile, there exist the rebound effects of the technological innovation in China, and the energy price has an induced effect on the technological innovation. Undoubtedly, industrialization and urbanization jointly promote the increase in energy intensity. At the same time, the level of economic development, energy prices and technological innovation are also reasons for the differences in the energy intensity among regions. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce energy intensity while carrying out technological innovation, promoting high-quality development and increasing income, it is necessary to improve the internal quality of industrialization and urbanization, and to promote new resource-saving and environmentally friendly methods of industrialization and urbanization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14169948
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk Management of Island Petrochemical Park: Accident Early Warning Model Based on Artificial Neural Network
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2022-04-29), p. 3278-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2022-04-29), p. 3278-
    Abstract: Island-type petrochemical parks have gradually become the ‘trend’ in establishing new parks because of the security advantages brought by their unique geographical locations. However, due to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters and difficulties in rescue in island-type parks, an early warning model is urgently needed to provide a basis for risk management. Previous research on early warning models of island-type parks seldom considered the particularity. In this study, the early warning indicator system is used as the input parameter to construct the early warning model of an island-type petrochemical park based on the back propagation (BP) neural network, and an actual island-type petrochemical park was used as a case to illustrate the model. Firstly, the safety influencing factors were screened by designing questionnaires and then an early warning indicator system was established. Secondly, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was introduced into the improved BP neural network to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the neural network. A total of 30 groups of petrochemical park data were taken as samples—26 groups as training samples and 4 groups as test samples. Moreover, the safety status of the petrochemical park was set as the output parameter of the neural network. The comparative analysis shows that the optimized neural network is far superior to the unoptimized neural network in evaluation indicators. Finally, the Zhejiang Petrochemical Co., Ltd., park was used as a case to verify the accuracy of the proposed early warning model. Ultimately, the final output result was 0.8324, which indicates that the safety status of the case park was “safer”. The results show that the BP neural network introduced with PSO can effectively realize early warning, which is an effective model to realize the safety early warning of island-type petrochemical parks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15093278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Populations from Different Wheat Cultivars Using Simple Sequence Repeats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-03), p. 705-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-03), p. 705-
    Abstract: Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of Pst isolates were analyzed using 15 microsatellite markers. Isolates were collected from five wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance from Yanting county and Fucheng district, Mianyang city, Sichuan province, China. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Pst populations are differentiated by wheat genotype or geographic origin. Seventy-six multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified from all 289 single uredinial isolates. In general, the genotypic diversity of Pst populations from five wheat cultivars in Fucheng was higher than that in Yanting. In addition, the genetic diversity was highest in the Pst populations from Mianmai 367, a cultivar considered to be highly resistant. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) phylogenetic tree, Bayesian clustering analysis, and minimum spanning network for the MLGs revealed two major genetic clusters based on geographical location. Greater differentiation was observed between the populations from the two sampling locations than between the populations from different hosts in the same location. The results suggest that geographic and environmental differences could partially explain the genetic differentiation of Pst more than wheat genotype. This study provides novel insight into the interactions between Pst populations and their hosts. The results could be helpful in designing more effective management strategies for stripe rust in wheat production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8070705
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling of Free-Form Complex Curves Using SG-Bézier Curves with Constraints of Geometric Continuities
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-10-25), p. 545-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-10-25), p. 545-
    Abstract: The modeling of free-form engineering complex curves is an important subject in product modeling, graphics, and computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). In this paper, we propose a novel method to construct free-form complex curves using shape-adjustable generalized Bézier (or SG-Bézier, for short) curves with constraints of geometric continuities. In order to overcome the difficulty that most of the composite curves in engineering cannot often be constructed by using only a single curve, we propose the necessary and sufficient conditions for G1 and G2 continuity between two adjacent SG-Bézier curves. Furthermore, the detailed steps of smooth continuity for two SG-Bézier curves, and the influence rules of shape parameters on the composite curves, are studied. We also give some important applications of SG-Bézier curves. The modeling examples show that our methods in this paper are very effective, can easily be performed, and can provide an alternative powerful strategy for the design of complex curves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym10110545
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    A Risk Evaluation Method of Coastal Oil Depots for Heavy Rainfall Vulnerability Assessment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-06), p. 6902-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-06), p. 6902-
    Abstract: Oil depots in the coastal areas of China are prone to disasters caused by heavy rain due to the monsoon climate. Studies focusing on heavy rainfall vulnerability in coastal oil depots are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the safety of oil depots based on four factors in this study: personnel, equipment and facility, environment, and resilience. Complex networks, analytic hierarchy processes, and information entropy theory were used to establish an evaluation index system including four first-level indicators, nine second-level indicators, and 40 third-level indicators. Scores of 40 evaluation indicators were taken as the input, a vulnerability level of oil depots affected by heavy rain was gained as the output, and results were presented visually (different warning levels distinguished by color) to help oil depot enterprises improve their safety performance under extreme weather conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14116902
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    A Pyrazolate Osmium(VI) Nitride Exhibits Anticancer Activity through Modulating Protein Homeostasis in HepG2 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-24), p. 12779-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-24), p. 12779-
    Abstract: Interest in the third-row transition metal osmium and its compounds as potential anticancer agents has grown in recent years. Here, we synthesized the osmium(VI) nitrido complex Na[OsVI(N)(tpm)2] (tpm = [5-(Thien-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl] methanol), which exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on the cell viabilities of the cervical, ovarian, and breast cancer cell lines compared with cisplatin. Proteomics analysis revealed that Na[OsVI(N)(tpm)2] modulates the expression of protein-transportation-associated, DNA-metabolism-associated, and oxidative-stress-associated proteins in HepG2 cells. Perturbation of protein expression activity by the complex in cancer cells affects the functions of the mitochondria, resulting in high levels of cellular oxidative stress and low rates of cell survival. Moreover, it caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis of HepG2 cells. This study reveals a new high-valent osmium complex as an anticancer agent candidate modulating protein homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112779
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial and Temporal Variations in Soil Moisture for a Tamarisk Stand under Groundwater Control in a Hyper-Arid Region
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-09-28), p. 3403-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-09-28), p. 3403-
    Abstract: In hyper-arid regions, soil moisture’s role in ecohydrological processes can differ significantly from that in arid or semi-arid ecosystems. We investigated the spatial–temporal dynamics of soil moisture and its relationship with groundwater depths in a 200 m × 300 m phreatophytic tamarisk stand in the lower basin of the Tarim River, a hyper-arid zone in China. Soil moisture profiles, from the surface to the water table, were derived using drilling and oven-drying techniques. Over a three-year period, the soil moisture at multiple depths was continuously monitored in a specific plot using nine frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors. Our results indicate a correlation between horizontal variations in soil moisture and groundwater depths (GWDs). Nevertheless, anomalies in this correlation were observed. Variations in horizontal soil moisture were strongly influenced by the clay content in the soil, with finer soils retaining more moisture. Despite varying GWDs, soil moisture profiles remained consistent, with no distinct correlation between them. Soil moisture exhibited stability across layers, with noticeable changes only adjacent to the water table. These results imply that in hyper-arid environments, soil texture primarily governs soil moisture distribution. However, the limited spatial and temporal scopes in our dataset, constrained by the region’s inhospitable conditions, necessitate further investigation. Future work should prioritize amalgamating diverse data sources to devise a region-specific soil moisture model for in-depth analysis of hyper-arid regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15193403
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Study on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of High-Quality Development in Nine Provinces of the Yellow River Basin
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-21), p. 6975-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2023-04-21), p. 6975-
    Abstract: High-quality development (HQD) is a positive initiative in China to promote sustainable development. Promoting HQD in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a major national strategy for China. The YRB is an important ecological barrier and economic zone in China, which comprises nine provinces, including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the HQD of the nine provinces in the YRB. It clarifies the basic connotation of HQD and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for HQD according to the principles of comprehensiveness, distinctiveness, openness, refinement and feasibility. The comprehensive evaluation index system includes four dimensions: economic development, technology innovation, society and livelihood, and ecological security, which contain 28 secondary indicators. The combined method of coupling development and entropy weight termed the “technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)” was selected to make a comprehensive evaluation of the HQD of the nine provinces in the YRB from the time dimension and the space dimension, respectively. It was found that there are still problems, such as the differentiation of HQD, the low comprehensive development degree (CDD), and the low development coupling degree (DCD) in some provinces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15086975
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lanthanide (Eu3+/Tb3+)-Loaded γ-Cyclodextrin Nano-Aggregates for Smart Sensing of the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-13), p. 6597-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-13), p. 6597-
    Abstract: The clinical use of anticancer drugs necessitates new technologies for their safe, sensitive, and selective detection. In this article, lanthanide (Eu3+ and Tb3+)-loaded γ-cyclodextrin nano-aggregates (ECA and TCA) are reported, which sensitively detects the anticancer drug irinotecan by fluorescence intensity changes. Fluorescent lanthanide (Eu3+ and Tb3+) complexes exhibit high fluorescence intensity, narrow and distinct emission bands, long fluorescence lifetime, and insensitivity to photobleaching. However, these lanthanide (Eu3+ and Tb3+) complexes are essentially hydrophobic, toxic, and non-biocompatible. Lanthanide (Eu3+ and Tb3+) complexes were loaded into naturally hydrophilic γ-cyclodextrin to form fluorescent nano-aggregates. The biological nontoxicity and cytocompatibility of ECA and TCA fluorescent nanoparticles were demonstrated by cytotoxicity experiments. The ECA and TCA fluorescence nanosensors can detect irinotecan selectively and sensitively through the change of fluorescence intensity, with detection limits of 6.80 μM and 2.89 μM, respectively. ECA can safely detect irinotecan in the cellular environment, while TCA can detect irinotecan intracellularly and is suitable for cell labeling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126597
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Application of the Nitrogen Nutrition Index to Estimate the Yield of Indica Hybrid Rice Grown from Machine-Transplanted Bowl Seedlings
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-20), p. 742-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-20), p. 742-
    Abstract: The purpose was to comprehensively compare the prediction accuracy of different nitrogen nutrition indexes (NNILAI and NNIDM) derived from critical nitrogen concentration (Nc) models established by the leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter (DM) in estimating the grain yield of indica hybrid rice grown from machine-transplanted bowl seedlings. Therefore, field experiments were conducted with two high-yielding indica hybrid rice varieties and five nitrogen application rates in 2018 and 2019. The results show that NNIDM peaked in the stem elongation stage, while NNILAI had its maximal value in the mid-tillering stage during the growth stages. The NNILAI had the highest correlation with the relative effective panicle number in the tillering stage when compared with the NNIDM, and the threshold points of the NNI were 0.971 (active tillering stage) and 1.106 (mid-tillering stage). Moreover, the NNILAI had the highest correlation with the relative seed setting rate in the stem elongation–panicle initiation stage compared with the NNIDM, and its threshold points were 1.116 (stem elongation stage) and 1.053 (panicle initiation stage). In contrast, the NNIDM had the highest correlation with the relative seed setting rate in the heading stage compared with the NNILAI, and its threshold point was 1.050 (heading stage). Therefore, the NNILAI in the tillering–panicle initiation stage and NNIDM in the heading stage should be merged to effectively improve the nitrogen nutrition status and its evaluation in addition to the prediction accuracy of the yield of indica hybrid rice grown from machine-transplanted bowl seedlings. This study provides a theoretical basis for improved understanding of the nitrogen status and yield prediction of indica hybrid rice grown from machine-transplanted bowl seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12030742
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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