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  • MDPI AG  (26)
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  • MDPI AG  (26)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    TiO2-Seeded Hydrothermal Growth of Spherical BaTiO3 Nanocrystals for Capacitor Energy-Storage Application
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Crystals Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-14), p. 202-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-14), p. 202-
    Kurzfassung: Simple but robust growth of spherical BaTiO3 nanoparticles with uniform nanoscale sizes is of great significance for the miniaturization of BaTiO3-based electron devices. This paper reports a TiO2-seeded hydrothermal process to synthesize spherical BaTiO3 nanoparticles with a size range of 90–100 nm using TiO2 (Degussa) and Ba(NO3)2 as the starting materials under an alkaline (NaOH) condition. Under the optimum conditions ([NaOH] = 2.0 mol L−1, RBa/Ti = 2.0, T = 210 °C and t = 8 h), the spherical BaTiO3 nanoparticles obtained exhibit a narrow size range of 91 ± 14 nm, and the corresponding BaTiO3/polymer/Al film is of a high dielectric constant of 59, a high break strength of 102 kV mm−1, and a low dielectric loss of 0.008. The TiO2-seeded hydrothermal growth has been proved to be an efficient process to synthesize spherical BaTiO3 nanoparticles for potential capacitor energy-storage applications.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst10030202
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2661516-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Duopoly Price Competition in Wireless Sensor Network-Based Service Provision
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2018-12-14), p. 4422-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2018-12-14), p. 4422-
    Kurzfassung: The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as a new communication paradigm and has attracted a significant amount of attention from both academic and engineering communities. In this paper, we consider an IoT market where three roles exist: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), two service providers (SPs) and end users. The WSNs are responsible for sensing and providing data to the two SPs. Based on the sensed data from WSNs, the two SPs compete to provide services to the end users. We model the relationship between the two SPs and end users as a two-stage Stackelberg game, where the two SPs set the prices for their services firstly, and then the end users decide which SP to choose. Specifically, we consider two price-competition scenarios of the two SPs, which are engaged in two games, one is a noncooperative strategic game (NSG) where the two SPs set the prices for services simultaneously, the other is a Stackelberg game (SG) where SP1 who sets the price first is the leader and SP2 who sets the price after is the follower. Each user decides whether and which SP to purchase services from based on prices and service rates. An equilibrium is achieved in each of the two scenarios. Numerical results are conducted to verify our theoretical analysis.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18124422
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effects of Hydroxypropyl and Lactate Esterified Glutinous Rice Starch on Wheat Starch Gel Construction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Gels Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-11-04), p. 714-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-11-04), p. 714-
    Kurzfassung: An investigation was conducted into the impacts of hydroxypropyl glutinous rice starch (HPGRS) and lactate-esterified glutinous rice starch (LAEGRS) on a dilute solution and gel properties of wheat starch (WS) at different proportions (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%). The results of dilute solution viscosity showed that hydroxypropyl treatment of glutinous rice starch (GRS) could promote the extension of GRS chains, while lactate esterification led to the hydrophobic association of GRS chains, and the starch chains curled inward. Different HPGRS: WS and LAEGRS: WS ratios, β 〉 0 and ∆b 〉 0, showed HPGRS and LAEGRS produced attractive forces with WS and formed a uniform gel structure. Compared with WS gel, HPGRS, and LAEGRS could effectively delay the short-term aging of WS gels, and LAEGRS had a more significant effect. HPGRS increased the pasting viscosity, viscoelasticity, and springiness of WS gels, reduced the free water content, and established a tighter gel network structure, while LAEGRS had an opposite trend on WS. In conclusion, HPGRS was suitable for WS-based foods with stable gel network structure and high water retention requirements, and LAEGRS was suitable for WS-based foods with low viscosity and loose gel structure.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels8110714
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2813982-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dynamics Changes of Microorganisms Community and Fermentation Quality in Soybean Meal Prepared with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Artemisia argyi through Fermentation and Aerobic Exposure Processes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 795-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 795-
    Kurzfassung: This study evaluated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum ZA3, Artemisia argyi and their combination, on the fermentation characteristics, microbial community, mycotoxins and crude flavonoids content of fermented soybean meal during fermentation (under anaerobic conditions) and aerobic exposure (under aerobic conditions). The results showed that ZA3, Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi groups had lower pH values and higher lactic acid concentrations compared with controls, and additives increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and decreased those of Acetobacter and Enterobacter; in particular, Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi reduced the abundance of fungi, such as Aspergillus, Pichia, Fusarium, Cladosporium and Xeromyces. Meanwhile, the contents of mycotoxins were lower in treated groups, and even mycotoxins in the control were significantly reduced after 30 d (p 〈 0.05). Crude flavonoids that were correlated positively with Lactococcus and negatively with Bacillus, Aspergillus, Enterobacter and Kazachstania were significantly higher in the Artemisia argyi and ZA3+ Artemisia argyi groups (p 〈 0.05).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11060795
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Recent Advances in Carbon-Silica Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-23), p. 573-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-23), p. 573-
    Kurzfassung: The thermal catalytic conversion of biomass is currently a prevalent method for producing activated carbon with superb textural properties and excellent adsorption performance. However, activated carbon suffers severely from its poor thermal stability, which can easily result in spontaneous burning. In contrast, silica material is famed for its easy accessibility, high specific surface area, and remarkable thermal stability; however, its broader applications are restricted by its strong hydrophilicity. Based on this, the present review summarizes the recent progress made in carbon-silica composite materials, including the various preparation methods using diverse carbon (including biomass resources) and silica precursors, their corresponding structure–function relationship, and their applications in adsorption, insulation, batteries, and sensors. Through their combination, the drawbacks of the individual materials are circumvented while their original advantages are maintained. Finally, several bottlenecks existing in the field of carbon-silica composites, from synthesis to applications, are discussed in this paper, and possible solutions are given accordingly.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal12050573
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2662126-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    BIM Product Style Classification and Retrieval Based on Long-Range Style Dependencies
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Buildings Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-07), p. 2280-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-07), p. 2280-
    Kurzfassung: The rapid increase in building components on the building information model (BIM) object database has created new demand for BIM product recommendations to improve design efficiency. Current efforts mainly focus on the shape and contents of the products, instead of stylistic consistency, which is a crucial factor during the practical design process. To tackle such a problem, this paper proposes a novel framework to capture stylistic features based on long-range design dependencies with structural preservation, of which the snapshots of BIM products have been used to extract the stylistic features; core patches with strong style, generated by the pre-trained saliency model, are the root nodes; stylistic correlations are calculated as the hyperedges by tree-based operations; deep features and design features are proposed to represent the low-level and style distribution based on the study of design theory; and an ensemble learning strategy is introduced to solve the unbalanced classifier performance. An ablation study is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, in which comparative experiments with state-of-the-art baselines demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings13092280
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2661539-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Risk-Based Control Strategies of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibodies Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-11-20), p. 73-
    Details
    In: Antibodies, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-11-20), p. 73-
    Kurzfassung: Since the first approval of the anti-CD3 recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb), muromonab-CD3, a mouse antibody for the prevention of transplant rejection, by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986, mAb therapeutics have become increasingly important to medical care. A wealth of information about mAbs regarding their structure, stability, post-translation modifications, and the relationship between modification and function has been reported. Yet, substantial resources are still required throughout development and commercialization to have appropriate control strategies to maintain consistent product quality, safety, and efficacy. A typical feature of mAbs is charge heterogeneity, which stems from a variety of modifications, including modifications that are common to many mAbs or unique to a specific molecule or process. Charge heterogeneity is highly sensitive to process changes and thus a good indicator of a robust process. It is a high-risk quality attribute that could potentially fail the specification and comparability required for batch disposition. Failure to meet product specifications or comparability can substantially affect clinical development timelines. To mitigate these risks, the general rule is to maintain a comparable charge profile when process changes are inevitably introduced during development and even after commercialization. Otherwise, new peaks or varied levels of acidic and basic species must be justified based on scientific knowledge and clinical experience for a specific molecule. Here, we summarize the current understanding of mAb charge variants and outline risk-based control strategies to support process development and ultimately commercialization.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4468
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antib11040073
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2661514-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Impacts of Defocusing Amount and Molten Pool Boundaries on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted AlSi10Mg
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2018-12-26), p. 73-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2018-12-26), p. 73-
    Kurzfassung: The influences of processing parameters such as volumetric energy density (ε) and, particularly, defocusing amount (DA) on densification, microstructure, tensile property, and hardness of the as-printed dense AlSi10Mg alloy by selective laser melting (SLM) were studied systematically. The molten pool boundaries (MPBs) were found overwhelmingly at regular and complex spatial topological structures affected by DA value to exist in two forms, while the “layer–layer” MPB overlay mutually and the “track–track” MPBs intersect to form acute angles with each other. The microstructure of MPBs exhibits a coarse grain zone near the MPBs and the characteristics of segregation of nonmetallic elements (O, Si) where the crack easily happened. The DA value (−2 to 2 mm) affected both the density and the tensile mechanical properties. High tensile strength (456 ± 14 MPa) and good tensile ductility (9.5 ± 1.4%) were achieved in the as-printed condition corresponding to DA = 0.5 mm. The tensile fracture surface features were analyzed and correlated to the influence of the DA values.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12010073
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2487261-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effects of the Particle Size of BaTiO3 Fillers on Fabrication and Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3/Polymer/Al Films for Capacitor Energy-Storage Application
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2019-01-31), p. 439-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2019-01-31), p. 439-
    Kurzfassung: BaTiO3/polymer/Al (BPA) composite films for energy storage were fabricated by way of a roll coating and thermal curing process. The coating slurry consisted of silicon-containing heat-resistant resin (CYN-01) and BaTiO3 particles with various particle sizes obtained from commercial BaTiO3 powders processed at different durations of wet sand grinding in the presence of silane coupling agent (KH550), which not only improves the dielectric performance of the BPA films but also facilitates its production in a large scale. The major influence factors, such as the ratio between BaTiO3 and resin and the size of BaTiO3 particles, were investigated and their related mechanisms were discussed. The results show that modifying BaTiO3 particles (D90 = 0.83 μm) with the silane coupling agent of KH550 enhances the dielectric properties of the BPA films. The typical BPA films obtained exhibit a high dielectric constant of 32, a high break strength of 20.8 V/μm and a low dielectric loss of 0.014. The present work provides a simple and convenient way to prepare high-quality ceramic/polymer composite films for energy-storage application in a large scale.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12030439
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2487261-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Solution for Mass Production of High-Throughput Digital Microfluidic Chip Based on a-Si TFT with In-Pixel Boost Circuit
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2021-09-30), p. 1199-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2021-09-30), p. 1199-
    Kurzfassung: As one of the most popular research hotspot of lab-on-chip, digital microfluidic (DMF) technology based on the principle of electrowetting has unique advantages of high-precision, low cost and programmable control. However, due to the limitation of electrodes number, the throughput is hard to further upgrade. Therefore, active matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric (AM-EWOD) technology is a solution to acquire larger scale of driving electrodes. However, the process of manufacturing of AM-EWOD based on thin-film-transistor (TFT) is complex and expensive. Besides, the driving voltage of DMF chip is usually much higher than that of common display products.In this paper, a solution for mass production of AM-EWOD based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) is provided. Samples of 32 × 32 matrix AM-EWOD chips was designed and manufactured. A boost circuit was integrated into the pixel, which can raise the pixel voltage up by about 50%. Customized designed Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was used to supply the timing signals and driving voltage to make the motion of droplets programmable. The process of moving, mixing and generation of droplets was demonstrated.The minimum voltage in need was about 20 V and a velocity of up to 96 mm/s was achieved. Such an DMF device with large-scale matrix and low driving voltage will be very suitable for POCT applications.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12101199
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2620864-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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