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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Cardiovascular Toxicity of Folic Acid and 6S-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Calcium in Early Embryonic Development
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-07), p. 3946-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-07), p. 3946-
    Abstract: Folic acid (FA) is a synthetic and highly stable version of folate, while 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate is the predominant form of dietary folate in circulation and is used as a crystalline form of calcium salt (MTHF-Ca). The current study aims to evaluate the toxicity and safety of FA and MTHF-Ca on embryonic development, with a focus on cardiovascular defects. We began to analyze the toxicity of FA and MTHF-Ca in zebrafish from four to seventy-two hours postfertilization and assessed the efficacy of FA and MTHF-Ca in a zebrafish angiogenesis model. We then analyzed the differently expressed genes in in vitro fertilized murine blastocysts cultured with FA and MTHF-Ca. By using gene-expression profiling, we identified a novel gene in mice that encodes an essential eukaryotic translation initiation factor (Eif1ad7). We further applied the morpholino-mediated gene-knockdown approach to explore whether the FA inhibition of this gene (eif1axb in zebrafish) caused cardiac development disorders, which we confirmed with qRT-PCR. We found that FA, but not MTHF-Ca, could inhibit angiogenesis in zebrafish and result in abnormal cardiovascular development, leading to embryonic death owing to the downregulation of eif1axb. MTHF-Ca, however, had no such cardiotoxicity, unlike FA. The current study thereby provides experimental evidence that FA, rather than MTHF-Ca, has cardiovascular toxicity in early embryonic development and suggests that excessive supplementation of FA in perinatal women may be related to the potential risk of cardiovascular disorders, such as congenital heart disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11243946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Semantic Visualization in Functional Recovery Prediction of Intravenous Thrombolysis following Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients by Using Biostatistics: An Exploratory Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01), p. 624-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01), p. 624-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Intravenous thrombolysis following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can reduce disability and increase the survival rate. We designed a functional recovery analysis by using semantic visualization to predict the recovery probability in AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis; (2) Methods: We enrolled 131 AIS patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis from 2011 to 2015 at the Medical Center in northern Taiwan. An additional 54 AIS patients were enrolled from another community hospital. A modified Rankin Score ≤2 after 3 months of follow-up was defined as favorable recovery. We used multivariable logistic regression with forward selection to construct a nomogram; (3) Results: The model included age and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score as immediate pretreatment parameters. A 5.23% increase in the functional recovery probability occurred for every 1-year reduction in age, and a 13.57% increase in the functional recovery probability occurred for every NIHSS score reduction. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the model in the validation dataset were 71.79%, 86.67%, and 75.93%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.867; (4) Conclusions: Semantic visualization-based functional recovery prediction models may help physicians assess the recovery probability before patients undergo emergency intravenous thrombolysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased Incidence of Premenstrual Syndrome in Females with Palmar Hyperhidrosis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2021-04-28), p. 4697-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 2021-04-28), p. 4697-
    Abstract: Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder affecting the quality of life of women of reproductive age. In a previous study, sex hormone imbalances and alterations in autonomic function were present in PMS, with parasympathetic dysfunction and sympathetic overactivity during the late luteal phase. Palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) presents with oversweating, heat and emotional stimulation, sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic hypofunction. We hypothesized that the incidence of PMS is increased in females with PH. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Database. The patients with PH were identified by the International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) disease code 780.8. Female patients matched by age and index day were used as the control group. The incidence of PMS was considered an outcome by the ICD-9-CM disease code 625.4. The factors related to PMS were analyzed by Cox regression. Results: The adjusted hazard ratio for the incidence of PMS was 1.276 (95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.488) in females with PH. Conclusions: This study found a positive correlation between PMS and female PH patients. Patients and physicians must understand the relationship of PMS with autonomic function alterations and other risk factors to prevent this problematic disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094697
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-Stability Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) in SiO2 Mesopores: Nonlinear Optics and Applications for Q-Switching Laser Operation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 1648-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 1648-
    Abstract: Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite shows a great potential in the field of photoelectrics. Embedding methyl ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) in a mesoporous silica (mSiO2) layer is an effective method for maintaining optical performance of MAPbBr3 at room temperature. In this work, we synthesized MAPbBr3 quantum dots, embedding them in the mSiO2 layer. The nonlinear optical responses of this composite thin film have been investigated by using the Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 800 nm. The results show plural nonlinear responses in different intensities, corresponding to one- and two-photon processing. Our results support that composites possess saturation intensity of ~27.29 GW/cm2 and varying nonlinear coefficients. The composite thin films show high stability under ultrafast laser irradiating. By employing the composite as a saturable absorber, a passively Q-switching laser has been achieved on a Nd:YVO4 all-solid-state laser platform to generate a laser at ~1 μm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11071648
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Baricitinib Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Inhibiting TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 2195-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 2195-
    Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease with unknown etiology, high mortality and limited treatment options. It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which will lead to fibrous proliferation and the destruction of lung structure. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is widely recognized as a central pathway of pulmonary fibrosis, and the suppression of TGF-β1 or the TGF-β1-regulated signaling pathway may thus offer potential antifibrotic therapies. JAK-STAT is a downstream signaling pathway regulated by TGF-β1. JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib is a marketed drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been reported. This study explored the potential effect and mechanism of baricitinib on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo studies have shown that baricitinib can effectively attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and in vitro studies showed that baricitinib attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and epithelial cell injury by inhibiting TGF-β1/non-Smad and TGF-β1/JAK/STAT signaling pathways, respectively. In conclusion, baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, impedes myofibroblast activation and epithelial injury via targeting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and reduces BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052195
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Double-Electrode-Layer Wind-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Low Frictional Resistance and High Mechanical Energy Conversion Efficiency of 10.3%
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanoenergy Advances Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2023-08-08), p. 236-246
    Details
    In: Nanoenergy Advances, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2023-08-08), p. 236-246
    Abstract: As a new technology for harvesting distributed energy, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been widely used in harvesting wind energy. However, the wind-driven TENG (WD-TENG) faces the problems of high frictional resistance and low mechanical energy conversion efficiency. Here, based on optimizing the structure of the wind turbine, a rotational double-electrode-layer WD-TENG (DEL-WD-TENG) is developed. When the rotational speed is less than 400 round per minute (rpm), the dielectric triboelectric layer rubs with the inner electrode layer under its gravity; when the rotational speed is higher than 400 rpm, the dielectric triboelectric layer rubs with the outer electrode layer under the centrifugal force. The double-electrode-layer structure avoids the energy loss caused by other forces except gravity, centrifugal, and electrostatic adsorption, which improves the mechanical energy conversion efficiency and prolongs the working life of the DEL-WD-TENG. The conversion efficiency from mechanical energy to electricity of the DEL-WD-TENG can reach 10.3%. After 7 million cycles, the transferred charge of the DEL-WD-TENG is reduced by about 5.0%, and the mass loss of dielectric triboelectric layer is only 5.6%. The DEL-WD-TENG with low frictional resistance and high energy conversion efficiency has important application prospects in wind energy harvesting and self-powered sensing systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-706X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nanoenergyadv3030012
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3136585-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Grape Small Auxin Upregulated RNA (SAUR) 041 Is a Candidate Regulator of Berry Size in Grape
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-10-30), p. 11818-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-10-30), p. 11818-
    Abstract: Grape (Vitis vinifera) is an important horticultural crop that can be used to make juice and wine. However, the small size of the berry limits its yield. Cultivating larger berry varieties can be an effective way to solve this problem. As the largest family of auxin early response genes, SAUR (small auxin upregulated RNA) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. Berry size is one of the important factors that determine grape quality. However, the SAUR gene family’s function in berry size of grape has not been studied systematically. We identified 60 SAUR members in the grape genome and divided them into 12 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis on the SAUR gene family by analyzing distribution of key amino acid residues in the domain, structural features, conserved motifs, and protein interaction network, and combined with the heterologous expression in Arabidopsis and tomato. Finally, the member related to grape berry size in SAUR gene family were screened. This genome-wide study provides a systematic analysis of grape SAUR gene family, further understanding the potential functions of candidate genes, and provides a new idea for grape breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111818
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    AvNAC030, a NAC Domain Transcription Factor, Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Kiwifruit
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-02), p. 11897-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-02), p. 11897-
    Abstract: Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch) is suitable for neutral acid soil. However, soil salinization is increasing in kiwifruit production areas, which has adverse effects on the growth and development of plants, leading to declining yields and quality. Therefore, analyzing the salt tolerance regulation mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application and germplasm improvement of kiwifruit. We identified 120 NAC members and divided them into 13 subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis based on the conserved motifs, key amino acid residues in the NAC domain, expression patterns, and protein interaction network predictions and screened the candidate gene AvNAC030. In order to study its function, we adopted the method of heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. Compared with the control, the overexpression plants had higher osmotic adjustment ability and improved antioxidant defense mechanism. These results suggest that AvNAC030 plays a positive role in the salt tolerance regulation mechanism in kiwifruit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111897
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Inhibition of Glioma Development by ASCL1-Mediated Direct Neuronal Reprogramming
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-11), p. 571-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2019-06-11), p. 571-
    Abstract: Direct conversion of non-neural cells into induced neurons holds great promise for brain repair. As the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system, glioma is currently incurable due to its exponential growth and invasive behavior. Given that neurons are irreversible postmitotic cells, reprogramming glioma cells into terminally differentiated neuron-like cells represents a potential approach to inhibit brain tumor development. We here show that human glioma cells can be directly, rapidly and efficiently reprogrammed into terminally differentiated neuron-like cells by the single transcription factor ASCL1 (Achaete-scute complex-like 1, also known as MASH1). These induced cells exhibit typical neuron-like morphology and express multiple neuron-specific markers. Importantly, ASCL1-mediated neuronal reprogramming drives human glioma cells to exit the cell cycle and results in dramatic inhibition of proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this proof-of-principle study demonstrates a potential strategy for impeding brain tumor development by ASCL1-induced direct neuronal reprogramming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8060571
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 10
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    Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Reliability of Sn-58Bi/ENEPIG Solder Joints
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 295-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 295-
    Abstract: The 42 wt.% Sn–58 wt.% Bi (Sn-58Bi) Ball Grid Array (BGA) solder balls were mounted to electroless nickel-electroless palladium-immersion gold (ENEPIG) pads by employing the reflow process profile. The effects of reflow cycles and aging time on the interfacial microstructure and growth behavior of intermetallic compounds, as well as the mechanical properties, were investigated. Pd-Au-Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) was formed at the Sn-58Bi/ENEPIG interface. With the increase in reflow cycles and aging time, the IMC grew gradually. After five reflow cycles, the shear strength of the Sn-58Bi/ENEPIG solder joints first decreased and then increased. After 500 h of aging duration under −40 °C, the shear strength of the Sn-58Bi/ENEPIG solder joints decreased by about 12.3%. The fracture mode transferred from ductile fracture to ductile and brittle mixed fracture owing to the fact that the fracture location transferred from the solder matrix to the IMC interface with the increase in reflow cycles and aging time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10020295
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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