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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serum Levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 as Markers in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-09), p. 902-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-02-09), p. 902-
    Abstract: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological disease that involves the collection of blood products in the subdural space. The progression of CSDH is an angiogenic and inflammatory process, but the multifactorial mechanisms underlying CSDH are still not fully understood. We aimed to identify one or more factors that may play an important role in the development of CSDH. We enrolled 83 patients with CSDH, including 17 postoperative patients, and analyzed 20 markers in the hematoma fluid and peripheral blood of each patient. Overall differential gene expression was examined to identify the representative markers. The concentration of MMP-8 was significantly lower in the postoperative group than in the preoperative group. The concentration of MMP-9 was significantly higher in the postoperative group than in the preoperative group. These findings indicate that MMP-8 and MMP-9 may play important roles in the pathophysiology of CSDH. Understanding the pathways associated with CSDH may provide insights for improving disease outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040902
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of n-3 PUFA Supplementation on Bone Metabolism Markers and Body Bone Mineral Density in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-19), p. 2806-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-19), p. 2806-
    Abstract: Supplemental n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone metabolism have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on bone metabolism markers and bone mineral density through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases, updated to 1 March 2023. The intervention effects were measured as standard mean differences (SMD) and mean differences (MD). Additionally, n-3 PUFA with the untreated control, placebo control, or lower-dose n-3 PUFA supplements were compared, respectively. Further, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (22 comparisons, n = 2546) showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly increased blood n-3 PUFA (SMD: 2.612; 95% CI: 1.649 to 3.575). However, no significant effects were found on BMD, CTx-1, NTx-1, BAP, serum calcium, 25(OH)D, PTH, CRP, and IL-6. Subgroup analyses showed significant increases in femoral neck BMD in females (0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.02), people aged 〈 60 years (0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.01), and those people in Eastern countries (0.02, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.03), and for 25(OH)D in people aged ≥60 years (0.43, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.74), treated with n-3 PUFA only (0.36, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.66), and in studies lasting ≤6 months (0.29, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.47). NTx-1 decreased in both genders (−9.66, 95% CI: −15.60 to −3.71), and serum calcium reduction was found in studies lasting 〉 6 months (−0.19, 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.01). The present study demonstrated that n-3 PUFA supplementation might not have a significant effect on bone mineral density or bone metabolism markers, but have some potential benefits for younger postmenopausal subjects in the short term. Therefore, additional high-quality, long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to fully elucidate the potential benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation, as well as the combined supplementation of n-3 PUFA, on bone health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15122806
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Discovery of a Potent Anti-Yeast Triterpenoid Saponin, Clematoside-S from Urena lobata L.
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2015-03-02), p. 4731-4743
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2015-03-02), p. 4731-4743
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034731
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Parallel Presentation of Two Functional CTL Epitopes Derived from the O and Asia 1 Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Swine SLA-2*HB01: Implications for Universal Vaccine Development
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 4017-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 4017-
    Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a significant threat to the livestock industry. Through their recognition of the conserved epitopes presented by the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), T cells play a pivotal role in the antiviral immunity of pigs. Herein, based on the peptide binding motif of SLA-2*HB01, from an original SLA-2 allele, a series of functional T-cell epitopes derived from the dominant antigen VP1 of FMDV with high binding capacity to SLA-2 were identified. Two parallel peptides, Hu64 and As64, from the O and Asia I serotypes, respectively, were both crystallized with SLA-2*HB01. Compared to SLA-1 and SLA-3, the SLA-2 structures showed the flexibility of residues in the P4, P6, and P8 positions and in their potential interface with TCR. Notably, the peptides Hu64 and As64 adopted quite similar overall conformation when bound to SLA-2*HB01. Hu64 has two different conformations, a more stable ‘chair’ conformation and an unstable ‘boat’ conformation observed in the two molecules of one asymmetric unit, whereas only a single ‘chair’ conformation was observed for As64. Both Hu64 and As64 could induce similar dominant T-cell activities. Our interdisciplinary study establishes a basis for the in-depth interpretation of the peptide presentation of SLA-I, which can be used toward the development of universal vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11244017
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Turn-On Fluorescence Probe Based on Cu(II) Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks for Visual Detection of Uric Acid
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 4803-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 4803-
    Abstract: As an important biomarker in urine, the level of uric acid is of importance for human health. In this work, a Cu(II) functionalized metal–organic framework (Cu2+@Tb-MOFs) is designed and developed as a novel fluorescence probe for wide-range uric acid detection in human urine. The study shows that this fluorescence platform demonstrated excellent pH-independent stability, high water tolerance, and good thermal stability. Based on the strong interaction between metal ions and uric acid, the designed Cu2+@Tb-MOFs can be employed as efficient turn-on fluorescent probes for the detection of uric acid with wide detection range (0~104 µM) and high sensitivity (LOD = 0.65 µM). This probe also demonstrates an anti-interference property, as other species coexisted, and the possibility for recycling. The sensing mechanisms are further discussed at length. More importantly, we experimentally constructed a molecular logic gate operation based on this fluorescence probe for intelligent detection of uric acid. These results suggest the Cu(II) functionalized metal–organic framework can act as a prominent candidate for personalized monitoring of the concentration of uric acid in the human urine system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154803
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Random Forest Model in the Diagnosis of Dementia Patients with Normal Mini-Mental State Examination Scores
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-04), p. 37-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-04), p. 37-
    Abstract: Background: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used tool in cognitive screening. Some individuals with normal MMSE scores have extensive cognitive impairment. Systematic neuropsychological assessment should be performed in these patients. This study aimed to optimize the systematic neuropsychological test battery (NTB) by machine learning and develop new classification models for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia among individuals with MMSE ≥ 26. Methods: 375 participants with MMSE ≥ 26 were assigned a diagnosis of cognitively unimpaired (CU) (n = 67), MCI (n = 174), or dementia (n = 134). We compared the performance of five machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, decision tree, SVM, XGBoost, and random forest (RF), in identifying MCI and dementia. Results: RF performed best in identifying MCI and dementia. Six neuropsychological subtests with high-importance features were selected to form a simplified NTB, and the test time was cut in half. The AUC of the RF model was 0.89 for distinguishing MCI from CU, and 0.84 for distinguishing dementia from nondementia. Conclusions: This simplified cognitive assessment model can be useful for the diagnosis of MCI and dementia in patients with normal MMSE. It not only optimizes the content of cognitive evaluation, but also improves diagnosis and reduces missed diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010037
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluid Shear Stress Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation via AnnexinA6-Mediated Autophagy in MC3T3-E1 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-11), p. 15702-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-11), p. 15702-
    Abstract: Fluid shear stress (FSS) facilitates bone remodeling by regulating osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular matrix maturation and mineralization. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how mechanical stimuli from FSS are converted into osteogenesis remain largely unexplored. Here, we exposed MC3T3-E1 cells to FSS with different intensities (1 h FSS with 0, 5, 10, and 20 dyn/cm2 intensities) and treatment durations (10 dyn/cm2 FSS with 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h treatment). The results demonstrate that the 1 h of 10 dyn/cm2 FSS treatment greatly upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, ALP, Col I), accompanied by AnxA6 activation. The genetic ablation of AnxA6 suppressed the autophagic process, demonstrating lowered autophagy markers (Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, LC3) and decreased autophagosome formation, and strongly reduced osteogenic differentiation induced by FSS. Furthermore, the addition of autophagic activator rapamycin to AnxA6 knockdown cells stimulated autophagy process, and coincided with more expressions of osteogenic proteins ALP and Col I under both static and FSS conditions. In conclusion, the findings in this study reveal a hitherto unidentified relationship between FSS-induced osteogenic differentiation and autophagy, and point to AnxA6 as a key mediator of autophagy in response to FSS, which may provide a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415702
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Visible-Light-Driven Semiconductor–Metal Transition in Electron Gas at the (100) Surface of KTaO3
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2023-11-30), p. 3055-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2023-11-30), p. 3055-
    Abstract: Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the (100) KTaO3(KTO) surface and interfaces has attracted extensive interest because of its abundant physical properties. Here, light illumination-induced semiconductor–metal transition in the 2DEG at the KTO surface was investigated. 2DEG was formed at the surface of KTO by argon ion bombardment. The 2DEG prepared with a shorter bombardment time (300 s) exhibits semiconducting behavior in the range of 20~300 K in the dark. However, it shows a different resistance behavior, namely, a metallic state above ~55 K and a semiconducting state below ~55 K when exposed to visible light (405 nm) with a giant conductivity increase of about eight orders of magnitude at 20 K. The suppression of the semiconducting behavior is found to be more pronounced with increasing light power. After removing the illumination, the resistance cannot recover quickly, exhibiting persistent photoconductivity. More interestingly, the photoresponse of the 2DEG below 50 K was almost independent of the laser wavelength, although the photon energy is lower than the band gap of KTO. The present results provide experimental support for tuning oxide 2DEG by photoexcitation, suggesting promising applications of KTO-based 2DEG in future electronic and optoelectronic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13233055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can Machine Learning Algorithms Successfully Predict Grassland Aboveground Biomass?
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-09), p. 3843-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-09), p. 3843-
    Abstract: The timely and accurate estimation of grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) is important. Machine learning (ML) has been widely used in the past few decades to deal with complex relationships. In this study, based on an 11-year period (2005–2015) of AGB data (1620 valid AGB measurements) on the Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR), combined with remote sensing data, weather data, terrain data, and soil data, we compared the predictive performance of a linear statistical method, machine learning (ML) methods, and evaluated their temporal and spatial scalability. The results show that machine learning can predict grassland biomass well, and the existence of an independent validation set can help us better understand the prediction performance of the model. Our findings show the following: (1) The random forest (RF) based on variables obtained through stepwise regression analysis (SRA) was the best model (R2vad = 0.60, RMSEvad = 1245.85 kg DW (dry matter weight)/ha, AIC = 5583.51, and BIC = 5631.10). It also had the best predictive capability of years with unknown areas (R2indep = 0.50, RMSEindep = 1332.59 kg DW/ha). (2) Variable screening improved the accuracy of all of the models. (3) All models’ predictive accuracy varied between 0.45 and 0.60, and the RMSE values were lower than 1457.26 kg DW/ha, indicating that the results were reliably accurate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14163843
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Quarantine on Pain Sensation among the General Population in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 79-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 79-
    Abstract: During the pandemic era, quarantines might potentially have negative effects and disproportionately exacerbate health condition problems. We conducted this cross-sectional, national study to ascertain the prevalence of constant pain symptoms and how quarantines impacted the pain symptoms and identify the factors associated with constant pain to further guide reducing the prevalence of chronic pain for vulnerable people under the pandemic. The sociodemographic data, quarantine conditions, mental health situations and pain symptoms of the general population were collected. After adjusting for potential confounders, long-term quarantine (≥15 days) exposures were associated with an increased risk of constant pain complaints compared to those not under a quarantine (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.26; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03, 1.54; p = 0.026). Risk factors including unemployment (OR: 1.55), chronic disease history (OR: 2.38) and infection with COVID-19 (OR: 2.15), and any of mental health symptoms including depression, anxiety, insomnia and PTSD (OR: 5.44) were identified by a multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that the effects of the quarantine duration on pain symptoms were mediated by mental health symptoms (indirect effects: 0.075, p 〈 0.001). These results advocated that long-term quarantine measures were associated with an increased risk of experiencing pain, especially for vulnerable groups with COVID-19 infection and with mental health symptoms. The findings also suggest that reducing mental distress during the pandemic might contribute to reducing the burden of pain symptoms and prioritizing interventions for those experiencing a long-term quarantine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010079
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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