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  • MDPI AG  (22)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    More Green, Better Funding? Exploring the Dynamics between Corporate Bank Loans and Trade Credit
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-25), p. 10050-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-25), p. 10050-
    Abstract: As a critical aspect of corporate financing strategies, high-quality trade credit has been acknowledged as a favorable indicator for external stakeholders. Given the increasing prominence of sustainable development, it is worthwhile to explore whether an advanced environmental management system facilitates the attainment of financing for business operations. Therefore, to respond to this question, this study utilizes panel data spanning from 2012 to 2021, comprising Chinese listed firms in four energy and environment-related sectors, with the environmental dimension score of the CSI ESG scoring system employed for categorizing the sample into high and low environmental governance groups. The results reconcile the conflicting studies and find an inverted U-shaped effect between trade credit and corporate bank loans with lower levels of environmental governance. Within the domain characterized by higher environmental governance, the two are substituted for each other. In addition, this study introduces the Shapely decomposition method for the first time to quantify the contribution of trade credit to corporate bank loans. Drawing from these findings, we proposed practical advice to firms, financial institutions, and the government on how to choose between bank loans and trade credit against the background of sustainable development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151310050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
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    Beijing Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Battery Capacity Conversion and Emission Estimation in 2022
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-14), p. 11019-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-14), p. 11019-
    Abstract: Road transport is a scenario for the use of fossil fuels to a large extent, and the process of electrification can slow down this use of fossil fuels. This study analyzes the annual emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) and the feasibility of electrification in Beijing based on the on-board diagnostics (OBD) of remote monitoring data from more than 9000 HDDVs. The annual NOX and CO2 emissions of 13 industry types were 44,980.9 and 6,658,722.6 tons in 2022. The highest contributor to these NOX and CO2 emissions was concrete trucks, accounting for 27.1% and 17.0% of the 13 industry type vehicles. The electrification of concrete trucks can greatly reduce the diesel emissions in Pinggu and other districts and realize regional emission reduction management. The CO2 emission factor of passenger buses in the Pinggu district was significantly higher than that in other districts, which was 1212.4 g/km, and the electrification of passenger buses could significantly reduce the CO2 emissions in the Pinggu district. This study investigates HDDVs in Beijing, provides a scientific basis for the electrification management of key models in Beijing, and provides a regional reference for the electrification trend of HDDVs in various countries worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151411019
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
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    Determining the Effects of Light on the Fruit Peel Quality of Photosensitive and Nonphotosensitive Eggplant
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 2095-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 2095-
    Abstract: With the development of facility agriculture, low-light stress is a prominent problem and a popular research topic currently. In this study, transcriptome analysis was used to analyze the genes in the fruit peel of photosensitive and nonphotosensitive eggplant and to explore the mechanism of changes in fruit color, texture, hormone content, aroma, and taste of these two different types of eggplant. We identified 51, 65, 66, and 66 genes involved in synthesizing anthocyanins, texture, hormone content, and aroma and flavor, respectively, in the two different types of eggplant based on the variation in gene expression trends in the fruit peel. These results provide a basis for further analysis of the molecular mechanism underlying the regulatory processes in eggplant fruits under low-light stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11162095
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 4
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    A Novel Remaining Useful Life Probability Prediction Approach for Aero-Engine with Improved Bayesian Uncertainty Estimation Based on Degradation Data
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2023-08-12), p. 9194-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 16 ( 2023-08-12), p. 9194-
    Abstract: As the heart of aircraft, the aero-engine is not only the main power source for aircraft flight but also an essential guarantee for the safe flight of aircraft. Therefore, it is of great significance to find effective methods for remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for aero-engines in order to avoid accidents and reduce maintenance costs. With the development of deep learning, data-driven approaches show great potential in dealing with the above problem. Although many attempts have been made, few works consider the error of the point prediction result caused by uncertainties. In this paper, we propose a novel RUL probability prediction approach for aero-engines with prediction uncertainties fully considered. Before forecasting, a principal component analysis (PCA) is first utilized to cut down the dimension of sensor data and extract the correlation between multivariate data to reduce the network computation. Then, a multi-layer bidirectional gate recurrent unit (BiGRU) is constructed to predict the RUL of the aero-engine, while prediction uncertainties are quantized by the improved variational Bayesian inference (IVBI) with a Gaussian mixture distribution. The proposed method can give not only the point prediction of RUL but also the confidence interval of the prediction result, which is very helpful for real-world applications. Finally, the experimental study illustrates that the proposed method is feasible and superior to several other comparative models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13169194
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
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    Structural Design and Dynamic Simulation Optimization of the Triggering Device in a Pressure-Holding Controller for Deep in Situ Coring
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-13), p. 4961-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-13), p. 4961-
    Abstract: As Earth’s shallow coal resources are gradually depleted, humans turn their mining operations to deeper regions. However, because the mechanics of deep-rock masses have not been fully established, the development of deep resources lacks theoretical guidance, and the continuity of such engineering activities is poor. The basis of deep-rock mechanics theory is to achieve deep in situ rock fidelity coring (including the maintenance of pore pressure and temperature). To achieve this goal, deep in situ pressure-holding coring technology is needed. The pressure-holding controller is the key corer component for realizing deep in situ pressure-holding and coring technology. The flap-valve-type pressure-holding controller driven by an elastic force or gravity alone is not enough to provide the initial sealing pressure for the sealing surface. Therefore, a trigger mechanism that assists the pressure-holding controller in achieving closing and initial sealing was designed. Then, the action and friction characteristics of the triggering mechanism were calculated according to the experimental dynamics simulation calculations of different closing characteristics that are affected by gravity in pressure-holding controller space. Optimization was conducted to determine the optimal values of the trigger mechanism spring stiffness, wedge angle, and other parameters. The mechanism can provide technical support for deep pressure-holding coring and improve the pressure-holding power of deep in situ rock coring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12104961
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
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    Abscisic Acid Mediates Salicylic Acid Induced Chilling Tolerance of Grafted Cucumber by Activating H2O2 Biosynthesis and Accumulation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-16), p. 16057-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-16), p. 16057-
    Abstract: Grafting is widely applied to enhance the tolerance of some vegetables to biotic and abiotic stress. Salicylic acid (SA) is known to be involved in grafting-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber. Here, we revealed that grafting with pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata, Cm) as a rootstock improved chilling tolerance and increased the accumulation of SA, abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in grafted cucumber (Cucumis sativus/Cucurbita moschata, Cs/Cm) leaves. Exogenous SA improved the chilling tolerance and increased the accumulation of ABA and H2O2 and the mRNA abundances of CBF1, COR47, NCED, and RBOH1. However, 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP) and L-a-aminooxy-b-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) (biosynthesis inhibitors of SA) reduced grafting-induced chilling tolerance, as well as the synthesis of ABA and H2O2, in cucumber leaves. ABA significantly increased endogenous H2O2 production and the resistance to chilling stress, as proven by the lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and chilling injury index (CI). However, application of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitors sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) and fluridone (Flu) abolished grafting or SA-induced H2O2 accumulation and chilling tolerance. SA-induced plant response to chilling stress was also eliminated by N,N′-dimethylthiourea (DMTU, an H2O2 scavenger). In addition, ABA-induced chilling tolerance was attenuated by DMTU and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, an H2O2 inhibitor) chloride, but AIP and AOPP had little effect on the ABA-induced mitigation of chilling stress. Na2WO4 and Flu diminished grafting- or SA-induced H2O2 biosynthesis, but DMTU and DPI did not affect ABA production induced by SA under chilling stress. These results suggest that SA participated in grafting-induced chilling tolerance by stimulating the biosynthesis of ABA and H2O2. H2O2, as a downstream signaler of ABA, mediates SA-induced chilling tolerance in grafted cucumber plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416057
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Work-Recreation Balance, Health-Promoting Lifestyles and Suboptimal Health Status in Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2016-03-19), p. 339-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2016-03-19), p. 339-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030339
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 8
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    Vanadium-Substituted Dawson-Type Polyoxometalate–TiO2 Nanowire Composite Film as Advanced Cathode Material for Bifunctional Electrochromic Energy-Storage Devices
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 13 ( 2022-07-04), p. 4291-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 13 ( 2022-07-04), p. 4291-
    Abstract: Polyoxometalates (POMs) demonstrate potential for application in the development of integrated smart energy devices based on bifunctional electrochromic (EC) optical modulation and electrochemical energy storage. Herein, a nanocomposite thin film composed of a vanadium-substituted Dawson-type POM, i.e., K7[P2W17VO62]·18H2O, and TiO2 nanowires were constructed via the combination of hydrothermal and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy characterisations, it was found that the TiO2 nanowire substrate acts as a skeleton to adsorb POM nanoparticles, thereby avoiding the aggregation or stacking of POM particles. The unique three-dimensional core−shell structures of these nanocomposites with high specific surface areas increases the number of active sites during the reaction process and shortens the ion diffusion pathway, thereby improving the electrochemical activities and electrical conductivities. Compared with pure POM thin films, the composite films showed improved EC properties with a significant optical contrast (38.32% at 580 nm), a short response time (1.65 and 1.64 s for colouring and bleaching, respectively), an excellent colouration efficiency (116.5 cm2 C−1), and satisfactory energy-storage properties (volumetric capacitance = 297.1 F cm−3 at 0.2 mA cm−2). Finally, a solid-state electrochromic energy-storage (EES) device was fabricated using the composite film as the cathode. After charging, the constructed device was able to light up a single light-emitting diode for 20 s. These results highlight the promising features of POM-based EES devices and demonstrate their potential for use in a wide range of applications, such as smart windows, military camouflage, sensors, and intelligent systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134291
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    Headspace Volatiles and Endogenous Extracts of Prunus mume Cultivars with Different Aroma Types
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 23 ( 2021-11-30), p. 7256-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 23 ( 2021-11-30), p. 7256-
    Abstract: Prunus mume is a traditional ornamental plant, which owed a unique floral scent. However, the diversity of the floral scent in P. mume cultivars with different aroma types was not identified. In this study, the floral scent of eight P. mume cultivars was studied using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and organic solvent extraction (OSE), combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 66 headspace volatiles and 74 endogenous extracts were putatively identified, of which phenylpropanoids/benzenoids were the main volatile organic compounds categories. As a result of GC-MS analysis, benzyl acetate (1.55–61.26%), eugenol (0.87–6.03%), benzaldehyde (5.34–46.46%), benzyl alcohol (5.13–57.13%), chavicol (0–5.46%), and cinnamyl alcohol (0–6.49%) were considered to be the main components in most varieties. However, the volatilization rate of these main components was different. Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) values in the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA), differential components of four aroma types were identified as biomarkers, and 10 volatile and 12 endogenous biomarkers were screened out, respectively. The odor activity value (OAV) revealed that several biomarkers, including (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, pentyl acetate, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, methyl salicylate, cinnamyl alcohol, and benzoyl cyanide, contributed greatly to the strong-scented, fresh-scented, sweet-scented, and light-scented types of P. mume cultivars. This study provided a theoretical basis for the floral scent evaluation and breeding of P. mume cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237256
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    20-Hydroxy-3-Oxolupan-28-Oic Acid Attenuates Inflammatory Responses by Regulating PI3K–Akt and MAPKs Signaling Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2019-01-22), p. 386-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2019-01-22), p. 386-
    Abstract: 20-Hydroxy-3-oxolupan-28-oic acid (HOA), a lupane-type triterpene, was obtained from the leaves of Mahonia bealei, which is described in the Chinese Pharmacopeia as a remedy for inflammation and related diseases. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of HOA, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of HOA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. HOA suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages without affecting cell viability. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated that HOA also suppressed the gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6. Further analyses demonstrated that HOA inhibited the phosphorylation of upstream signaling molecules, including p85, PDK1, Akt, IκBα, ERK, and JNK, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65. Interestingly, HOA had no effect on the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of activator protein 1 (AP-1). Taken together, these results suggest that HOA inhibits the production of cytokine by downregulating iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 gene expression via the downregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Our findings indicate that HOA could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory agent for medical use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030386
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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