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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy of Root Zone Temperature Increase in Root and Shoot Development and Hormone Changes in Different Maize Genotypes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-22), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-22), p. 477-
    Abstract: In the context of global warming, the effects of warming in the root zone of crops on maize seedling characteristics deserve research attention. Previous studies on the adaptive traits of dryland maize have mainly focused on soil moisture and nutrients, rather than analyzing potential factors for the adaptive traits of root zone warming. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different root zone warming ranges on the agronomic traits, hormones, and microstructures of maize seedling roots and leaves. The results showed that minor increases in the root zone temperature significantly enhanced maize seedling growth. However, when the temperature in the root zone was excessive, the stem diameter, root surface area, root volume, total root length, dry matter accumulation, and root/shoot biomass of maize seedlings sharply decreased. Under high temperature stress in the root zone, the root conduit area; root stele diameter; root content of trans-zeatin (ZT), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and indoleacetic acid (IAA); leaf thickness; upper and lower epidermis thickness; and leaf content of ZT and GA3 were significantly decreased. The hormone content and microstructure changes might be an important reason for root growth maldevelopment and nutrient absorption blockage, and they also affected the leaf growth of maize seedlings. Compared with the ‘senescent’ maize type Shaandan 902 (SD902), the plant microstructure of the ‘stay-green’ maize type Shaandan 609 (SD609) was less affected by increased temperatures, and the ability of the root system to absorb and transport water was stronger, which might explain its tolerance of high temperature stress in the root zone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11060477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth Retardation in the Course of Fanconi Syndrome Caused by the 4977-bp Mitochondrial DNA Deletion: A Case Report
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2021-10-04), p. 887-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2021-10-04), p. 887-
    Abstract: Fanconi syndrome is one of the primary renal manifestations of mitochondrial cytopathies caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The common 4977-bp mtDNA deletion has been reported to be associated with aging and diseases involving multiple extrarenal organs. Cases of Fanconi syndrome caused by the 4977-bp deletion were rarely reported previously. Here, we report a 6-year-old girl with growth retardation in the course of Fanconi syndrome. She had mild ptosis and pigmented retinopathy. Abnormal biochemical findings included low-molecular-weight proteinuria, normoglycemic glycosuria, increased urine phosphorus excretion, metabolic acidosis, and hypophosphatemia. Growth records showed that her body weight and height were normal in the first year and failed to thrive after the age of three. Using a highly sensitive mtDNA analysis methodology, she was identified to possess the common 4977-bp mtDNA deletion. The mutation rate was 84.7% in the urine exfoliated cells, 78.67% in the oral mucosal cells, and 23.99% in the blood sample. After three months of oral coenzyme Q10 and levocarnitine treatment in combination with standard electrolyte supplement, her condition was improved. This is a report of growth retardation as the initial major clinical presentation of Fanconi syndrome caused by the deletion of the 4977-bp fragment. Renal tubular abnormality without any other extrarenal dysfunction may be an initial clinical sign of mitochondrial disorders. Moreover, considering the heterogeneity of the phenotypes associated with mtDNA mutations, the risk of developing Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) with age in this patient should be noted because she had ptosis, retinal involvement, and changes in the brain and skeletal muscle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8100887
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of Bacterial Plasmid Transformation Using Nanomaterials Based on the Yoshida Effect
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2010-12-03), p. 4962-4972
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2010-12-03), p. 4962-4972
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms11124962
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Recipients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-11), p. 1911-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-11), p. 1911-
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The administration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is the only reliable strategy to prevent COVID-19 and alleviate the severity of COVID-19 in this particular population. The aim of this article was to evaluate the clinical protection by vaccines (breakthrough infections, deaths, and hospitalizations) in KTRs. There were 135 KTRs with COVID-19 breakthrough infections for whom patient-level data were available in PubMed and Web of Science. There was a male predominance (61.4%), 97 were given the standard vaccination regimen, and 38 received three or four doses of the vaccine. The median age was 59.0 (IQR: 49.0–69.0) years. A total of 67 patients were hospitalized, and 10 patients died. In 72.6% of cases, triple-maintenance immunosuppression was employed. The deceased patients were older than the survivors (p 〈 0.05); an age over 60 years was a risk factor for death (p 〈 0.05). The KTRs with booster vaccines had a longer time interval from the last vaccine to COVID-19 infection and lower hospitalization rates than the individuals who received the standard vaccination regimen (33.3% vs. 54.8%, p 〈 0.05). The hospitalized patients were older than the outpatients (p 〈 0.05). Among 16,820 fully vaccinated or boosted KTRs from 14 centers, there were 633 breakthrough infections (3.58%) and 73 associated deaths (0.41%). The center-level breakthrough infection rates varied from 0.21% to 9.29%. These findings highlight the need for booster doses for KTRs. However, more research is needed to define the long-term effectiveness and immunogenicity of booster doses and to identify methods to boost the protective response to vaccination in these immunocompromised patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111911
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response of Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Spring Maize (Zea mays L.) Root/Shoot Growth to Different Mulching Materials in Semi-Arid Areas of Northwest China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-25), p. 453-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-03-25), p. 453-
    Abstract: Adaptive highly efficient mulching technologies for use on dryland agricultural ecosystems are crucial to improving crop productivity and water-use efficiency (WUE) under climate change. Little information is available on the effect of using different types of mulch on soil water thermal conditions, or on root/shoot trait, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), yield, and WUE of spring maize. Hence, in this study, white transparent plastic film (WF), black plastic film (BF), and maize straw (MS) was used, and the results were compared with a non-mulched control (CK). The results showed that the mean soil temperature throughout the whole growth period of maize at the 5–15 cm depth under WF and BF was higher than under MS and CK, but under BF, it was 0.6 °C lower than WF. Compared with CK, the average soil water storage (0–200 cm) over the whole growth period of maize was significantly increased under WF, BF, and MS. WF and BF increased the soil water and temperature during the early growth stages of maize and significantly increased root/shoot biomass, root volume, LAI, LAD, and yield compared with MS. Higher soil temperatures under WF obviously reduced the duration of maize reproductive growth and accelerated root and leaf senescence, leading to small root/shoot biomass accumulation post-tasseling and to losses in yield compared with BF
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10040453
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Association Studies of Maize Seedling Root Traits under Different Nitrogen Levels
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-05-26), p. 1417-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-05-26), p. 1417-
    Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is one of the important factors affecting maize root morphological construction and growth development. An association panel of 124 maize inbred lines was evaluated for root and shoot growth at seedling stage under normal N (CK) and low N (LN) treatments, using the paper culture method. Twenty traits were measured, including three shoot traits and seventeen root traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) methods. The results showed that LN condition promoted the growth of the maize roots, and normal N promoted the growth of the shoots. A total of 185 significant SNPs were identified, including 27 SNPs for shoot traits and 158 SNPs for root traits. Four important candidate genes were identified. Under LN conditions, the candidate gene Zm00001d004123 was significantly correlated with the number of crown roots, Zm00001d025554 was correlated with plant height. Under CK conditions, the candidate gene Zm00001d051083 was correlated with the length and area of seminal roots, Zm00001d050798 was correlated with the total root length. The four candidate genes all responded to the LN treatment. The research results provide genetic resources for the genetic improvement of maize root traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11111417
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Non-Permanent Magnet DC-Biased Vernier Reluctance Linear Machine with Non-Uniform Air Gap Structure for Ripple Reduction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Actuators Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 7-
    Details
    In: Actuators, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 7-
    Abstract: Thrust ripple and density greatly impact the performance of the linear machine and other linear actuators, causing positioning control precision, dynamic performance, and efficiency issues. Generalized pole-pair combinations are difficult to satisfy both the thrust and ripple for double salient reluctance linear machines. In this paper, a DC-Biased vernier reluctance linear machine (DCB-VRLM) is proposed to solve the abovementioned issues. The key to the proposed design is to reduce the ripple and enhance the thrust density with non-uniform teeth by utilizing and optimizing the modulated flux in the air gap. To effectively verify the proposed design, the DCB-VRLMs with different winding pole pairs and secondary poles are compared. The 12-slot/10-pole combination is chosen to adopt a non-uniform air gap structure. Moreover, the energy distribution of AC/DC winding is studied and optimized to further enhance the performance of the proposed DCB-VRLM. The results indicate that the DCB-VRLM with the non-uniform air gap has a lower thrust ripple, better overload capability, and higher thrust density, which confirms its superiority in long-stroke linear rail transit and vertical elevator applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0825
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/act12010007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682469-3
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