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  • MDPI AG  (14)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increasing the TRPM2 Channel Expression in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Augments the Susceptibility to ROS-Induced Cell Death
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cells Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-08), p. 28-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-08), p. 28-
    Abstract: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells are a widely-used human neuronal cell model in the study of neurodegeneration. A recent study shows that, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine ion (MPP), which selectively causes dopaminergic neuronal death leading to Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms, can reduce SH-SY5Y cell viability by inducing H2O2 generation and subsequent TRPM2 channel activation. MPP-induced cell death is enhanced by increasing the TRPM2 expression. By contrast, increasing the TRPM2 expression has also been reported to support SH-SY5Y cell survival after exposure to H2O2, leading to the suggestion of a protective role for the TRPM2 channel. To clarify the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced TRPM2 channel activation in SH-SY5Y cells, we generated a stable SH-SY5Y cell line overexpressing the human TRPM2 channel and examined cell death and cell viability after exposure to H2O2 in the wild-type and TRPM2-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure to H2O2 resulted in concentration-dependent cell death and reduction in cell viability in both cell types. TRPM2 overexpression remarkably augmented H2O2-induced cell death and reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, H2O2-induced cell death in both the wild-type and TRPM2-overexpressing cells was prevented by 2-APB, a TRPM2 inhibitor, and also by PJ34 and DPQ, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Collectively, our results show that increasing the TRPM2 expression renders SH-SY5Y cells to be more susceptible to ROS-induced cell death and reinforce the notion that the TRPM2 channel plays a critical role in conferring ROS-induced cell death. It is anticipated that SH-SY5Y cells can be useful for better understanding the molecular and signaling mechanisms for ROS-induced TRPM2-mediated neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells8010028
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Characterization of Lignocresols from Transgenic and Wild-Type Switchgrass
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Polymers Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2018-07-02), p. 727-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2018-07-02), p. 727-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym10070727
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Students’ Attitudes and Competences in Modeling Using 3D Cartoon Toy Design Maker
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-14), p. 2176-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-14), p. 2176-
    Abstract: With the rapid development of education and information technology, there has been an increasing focus on maker education, which emphasizes cultivating students’ creative thinking and problem-solving ability. This paper presents our efforts to create a 3D cartoon toy design curriculum system that offers a playful and collaborative way to engage students with creation-based learning. It consists of a 3D modeling software and a series of 3D cartoon toy design courses. The former was developed according to students’ cognitive characteristics and hands-on operation habits, and the toy design courses include activities such as hand-painting, computer modeling, pattern design, handcraft, and creative display. This 3D cartoon toy design course was preliminarily implemented in one kindergarten and two primary schools in Hangzhou, an eastern city in mainland China. A learning assessment of participating students was conducted upon completion of the course. Results show that (1) the initial attitudes of junior students towards learning 3D cartoon toy design were mainly influenced by their interests, whereas senior students paid more attention to turning their ideas into reality with the help of technical tools. (2) All students were highly successful at mastering foundational modeling concepts, but the junior students were less successful at mastering abstract modeling concepts. (3) The course was most successful in developing students’ collaborative ability and content creation. (4) Additionally, teachers were successful at promoting a collaborative and communicative environment. Findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14042176
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prediction of Enzyme Function Based on Three Parallel Deep CNN and Amino Acid Mutation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2019-06-11), p. 2845-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2019-06-11), p. 2845-
    Abstract: During the past decade, due to the number of proteins in PDB database being increased gradually, traditional methods cannot better understand the function of newly discovered enzymes in chemical reactions. Computational models and protein feature representation for predicting enzymatic function are more important. Most of existing methods for predicting enzymatic function have used protein geometric structure or protein sequence alone. In this paper, the functions of enzymes are predicted from many-sided biological information including sequence information and structure information. Firstly, we extract the mutation information from amino acids sequence by the position scoring matrix and express structure information with amino acids distance and angle. Then, we use histogram to show the extracted sequence and structural features respectively. Meanwhile, we establish a network model of three parallel Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) to learn three features of enzyme for function prediction simultaneously, and the outputs are fused through two different architectures. Finally, The proposed model was investigated on a large dataset of 43,843 enzymes from the PDB and achieved 92.34% correct classification when sequence information is considered, demonstrating an improvement compared with the previous result.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112845
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of HNO3 Concentration on the Morphologies and Properties of Bi2WO6 Photocatalyst Synthesized by a Hydrothermal Method
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Crystals Vol. 6, No. 7 ( 2016-07-20), p. 75-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 7 ( 2016-07-20), p. 75-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst6070075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphology and Anti-Corrosive Performance of Cr(III) Passivated Zn–Fe Alloy Coating on NdFeB Substrate
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 21 ( 2022-10-27), p. 7523-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 21 ( 2022-10-27), p. 7523-
    Abstract: In this study, low-iron Zn–Fe alloy coatings and pure Zn coatings, with or without trivalent chromium passivation treatment, were electrodeposited onto a sintered NdFeB magnet from a weak acid chloride bath. The surface morphology and structure of the coatings were then examined using the X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope and 3D white-light interfering surface analysis. Meanwhile, the electrodeposition behavior and anti-corrosive properties of the coatings were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and natural salt spray tests. The results indicate that a passivated Zn–Fe alloy coating with a 0.9 wt.% Fe content provided much better corrosion resistance than a pure Zn coating and could provide both anodic protection and physical barrier function in the NdFeB substrates. The Fe element in Zn–Fe alloy coating was predominantly in solid solution in η-phase and small amounts in elemental form, which was beneficial to acquire a compact coating and passivation film. Finally, the passivated Zn–Fe alloy coating withstood 210 h against a neutral 3.5 wt.% NaCl salt spray without any white rust, which was 3–4 times longer than the pure Zn coating.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15217523
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Digital Closed-Loop Sense MEMS Disk Resonator Gyroscope Circuit Design Based on Integrated Analog Front-end
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2020-01-27), p. 687-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2020-01-27), p. 687-
    Abstract: A digital closed-loop system design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) is proposed in this paper. Vibration models with non-ideal factors are provided based on the structure characteristics and operation mode of the sensing element. The DRG operates in force balance mode with four control loops. A closed self-excited loop realizes stable vibration amplitude on the basis of peak detection technology and phase control loop. Force-to-rebalance technology is employed for the closed sense loop. A high-frequency carrier loaded on an anchor weakens the effect of parasitic capacitances coupling. The signal detected by the charge amplifier is demodulated and converted into a digital output for subsequent processing. Considering compatibility with digital circuits and output precision demands, a low passband sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is implemented with a 111.8dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The analog front-end and digital closed self-excited loop is manufactured with a standard 0.35 µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The experimental results show a bias instability of 2.1 °/h and a nonlinearity of 0.035% over the ± 400° full-scale range.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20030687
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Controllable Preparation and Research Progress of Photosensitive Antibacterial Complex Hydrogels
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Gels Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2023-07-13), p. 571-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2023-07-13), p. 571-
    Abstract: Hydrogels are materials consisting of a network of hydrophilic polymers. Due to their good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, they are widely used in biomedicine, food safety, environmental protection, agriculture, and other fields. This paper summarizes the typical complex materials of photocatalysts, photosensitizers, and hydrogels, as week as their antibacterial activities and the basic mechanisms of photothermal and photodynamic effects. In addition, the application of hydrogel-based photoresponsive materials in microbial inactivation is discussed, including the challenges faced in their application. The advantages of photosensitive antibacterial complex hydrogels are highlighted, and their application and research progress in various fields are introduced in detail.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels9070571
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhanced Development of Sweat Latent Fingerprints Based on Ag-Loaded CMCS/PVA Composite Hydrogel Film by Electron Beam Radiation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Gels Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-18), p. 446-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-07-18), p. 446-
    Abstract: Over time, difficulties have been encountered in detecting potential fingerprints. In this study, an Ag/CMCS/PVA(ACP) hydrogel film was developed for fingerprint development by electron beam radiation method. The chemical bond, thermostability, chemical components, microstructure, and micromorphology of the CMCS/PVA composite hydrogel film were characterized by FT-IR, TG, XRD, and SEM, respectively. Swelling behaviors and mechanical performance of the CMCS/PVA composite hydrogel were also investigated at different irradiation doses, pH, media, and NaCl contents to obtain the optimum preparation conditions. Through experimental exploration, we found that the fingerprints appeared more obvious when the irradiated prepared ACP hydrogel film was sprayed with 0.6 mg/mL of Ag+ and the excitation wavelength was about 254 nm with UV lamp irradiation for 20 min. The cytotoxicity the CMCS/PVA composite hydrogel on mouse skin fibroblasts L929 cells was also studied, confirming its biological security. Sweat latent fingerprint manifestation has important scientific significance with respect to the development of new processes and functional materials in the field of fingerprint manifestation, enriching and complementing the application of composite hydrogels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels8070446
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study of the Influence of Phase Noise on the MEMS Disk Resonator Gyroscope Interface Circuit
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2020-09-24), p. 5470-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2020-09-24), p. 5470-
    Abstract: In this paper, a detailed analysis of the influence of phase noise on the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) is presented. Firstly, a new time-varying phase noise model for the gyroscope is established, which explains how the drive loop circuit noise converts into phase noise. Different from previous works, the time-varying phase noise model in this paper is established in mechanical domain, which gain more physical insight into the origin of the phase noise in gyroscope. Furthermore, the impact of phase noise on DRG is derived, which shows how the phase noise affects angular velocity measurement. The analysis shows that, in MEMS DRG, the phase noise, together with other non-ideal factors such as direct excitation of secondary resonator, may cause a low frequency noise in the output of the gyroscope system and affect the bias stability of the gyroscope. Finally, numerical simulations and experiment tests are designed to prove the theories above.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20195470
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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