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  • 1
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    Abscisic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during the Ripening of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus ‘Heritage’) Fruit
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-05-05), p. 1882-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-05-05), p. 1882-
    Abstract: The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit is characterized by its richness in functional molecules and high nutritional value, but the high rate of fruit softening limits its quality during postharvest. Raspberry drupelets have a particular ripening regulation, depending partially on the effect of ethylene produced from the receptacle. However, the possible role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the modulation of quality parameters during the ripening of raspberry is unclear. This study characterized the fruit quality-associated parameters and hormonal contents during fruit development in two seasons. The quality parameters showed typical changes during ripening: a drastic loss of firmness, increase in soluble solids content, loss of acidity, and turning to a red color from the large green stage to fully ripe fruit in both seasons. A significant increase in the ABA content was observed during the ripening of drupelets and receptacles, with the higher content in the receptacle of ripe and overripe stages compared to the large green stage. Moreover, identification of ABA biosynthesis-(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase/NCED) and ABA receptor-related genes (PYRs-like receptors) showed three genes encoding RiNCEDs and nine genes for RiPYLs. The expression level of these genes increased from the large green stage to the full-ripe stage, specifically characterized by a higher expression of RiNCED1 in the receptacle tissue. This study reports a consistent concomitant increase in the ABA content and the expression of RiNCED1, RiPYL1, and RiPYL8 during the ripening of the raspberry fruit, thus supporting the role for ABA signaling in drupelets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12091882
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
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    A Meta-Omics Analysis Unveils the Shift in Microbial Community Structures and Metabolomics Profiles in Mangrove Sediments Treated with a Selective Actinobacterial Isolation Procedure
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 7332-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 7332-
    Abstract: Mangrove sediment ecosystems in the coastal areas of the Yucatan peninsula are unique environments, influenced by their karstic origin and connection with the world’s largest underground river. The microbial communities residing in these sediments are influenced by the presence of mangrove roots and the trading chemistry for communication between sediment bacteria and plant roots can be targeted for secondary metabolite research. To explore the secondary metabolite production potential of microbial community members in mangrove sediments at the “El Palmar” natural reserve in Sisal, Yucatan, a combined meta-omics approach was applied. The effects of a cultivation medium reported to select for actinomycetes within mangrove sediments’ microbial communities was also analyzed. The metabolome of the microbial communities was analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and molecular networking analysis was used to investigate if known natural products and their variants were present. Metagenomic results suggest that the sediments from “El Palmar” harbor a stable bacterial community independently of their distance from mangrove tree roots. An unexpected decrease in the observed abundance of actinomycetes present in the communities occurred when an antibiotic-amended medium considered to be actinomycete-selective was applied for a 30-day period. However, the use of this antibiotic-amended medium also enhanced production of secondary metabolites within the microbial community present relative to the water control, suggesting the treatment selected for antibiotic-resistant bacteria capable of producing a higher number of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolite mining of “El Palmar” microbial community metagenomes identified polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases’ biosynthetic genes in all analyzed metagenomes. The presence of these genes correlated with the annotation of several secondary metabolites from the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking database. These results highlight the biotechnological potential of the microbial communities from “El Palmar”, and show the impact selective media had on the composition of communities of actinobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237332
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    COVID-19 Infection in Pregnancy: PCR Cycle Thresholds, Placental Pathology, and Perinatal Outcomes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Viruses Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-21), p. 1884-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-21), p. 1884-
    Abstract: (1) This study aimed to evaluate characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and placental pathology of pregnant women with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of maternal PCR cycle threshold (CT) values. (2) This was a retrospective case-control study in a third-level health center in Mexico City with universal screening by RT-qPCR. The association of COVID-19 manifestations, preeclampsia, and preterm birth with maternal variables and CT values were assessed by logistic regression models and decision trees. (3) Accordingly, 828 and 298 women had a negative and positive test, respectively. Of those positive, only 2.6% of them presented mild to moderate symptoms. Clinical characteristics between both groups of women were similar. No associations between CT values were found for maternal features, such as pre-gestational BMI, age, and symptomatology. A significantly higher percentage of placental fibrinoid was seen with women with low CTs ( 〈 25; p 〈 0.01). Regarding perinatal outcomes, preeclampsia was found to be significantly associated with symptomatology but not with risk factors or CT values (p 〈 0.01, aOR = 14.72). Moreover, 88.9% of women diagnosed with COVID-19 at 〈 35 gestational weeks and symptomatic developed preeclampsia. (4) The data support strong guidance for pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular preeclampsia and placental pathology, which need further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v13091884
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 4
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    Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential of Cultivable Fungi from Deep-Sea Sediments of the Gulf of Mexico
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 7328-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 7328-
    Abstract: A collection of 29 cultivable fungal strains isolated from deep-sea sediments of the Gulf of Mexico were cultivated under the “one strain, many compounds” approach to explore their chemical diversity and antimicrobial potential. From the 87 extracts tested, over 50% showed antimicrobial activity, and the most active ones were those from cultures grown at 4 °C in darkness for 60 days (resembling deep-sea temperature). PCA analysis of the LC-MS data of all the extracts confirmed that culture temperature is the primary factor in the variation of the 4462 metabolite features, accounting for 21.3% of the variation. The bioactivity-guided and conventional chemical studies of selected fungal strains allowed the identification of several active and specialized metabolites. Finally, metabolomics analysis by GNPS molecular networking and manual dereplication revealed the biosynthetic potential of these species to produce interesting chemistry. This work uncovers the chemical and biological study of marine-derived fungal strains from deep-sea sediments of the Gulf of Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237328
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    Genome Mining and Molecular Networking-Based Metabolomics of the Marine Facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 17 ( 2021-09-03), p. 5362-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 17 ( 2021-09-03), p. 5362-
    Abstract: The marine-facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854, isolated from the Caleta Bay in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, has provided an interesting diversity of secondary metabolites, including a series of rare dioxomorpholines, peptides, and butyrolactones. Here, we report on the genomic data, which consists of 11 contigs (N50~3.95 Mb) with a ~30.75 Mb total length of assembly. Genome annotation resulted in the prediction of 10,822 putative genes. Functional annotation was accomplished by BLAST searching protein sequences with different public databases. Of the predicted genes, 75% were assigned gene ontology terms. From the 67 BGCs identified, ~60% belong to the NRPS and NRPS-like classes. Putative BGCs for the dioxomorpholines and other metabolites were predicted by extensive genome mining. In addition, metabolomic molecular networking analysis allowed the annotation of all isolated compounds and revealed the biosynthetic potential of this fungus. This work represents the first report of whole-genome sequencing and annotation from a marine-facultative fungal strain isolated from Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175362
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
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    Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-18), p. 172-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-18), p. 172-
    Abstract: Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11010172
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
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    Liposomes Loaded with Cisplatin and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization, Pharmacokinetics, and In-Vitro Efficacy
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2018-09-06), p. 2272-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2018-09-06), p. 2272-
    Abstract: With the aim improving drug delivery, liposomes have been employed as carriers for chemotherapeutics achieving promising results; their co-encapsulation with magnetic nanoparticles is evaluated in this work. The objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical characteristics, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, and the efficacy of pegylated liposomes loaded with cisplatin and magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite) (Cis-MLs). Cis-MLs were prepared by a modified reverse-phase evaporation method. To characterize their physicochemical properties, an evaluation was made of particle size, ζ-potential, phospholipid and cholesterol concentration, phase transition temperature (Tm), the encapsulation efficiency of cisplatin and magnetite, and drug release profiles. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on normal Wistar rats, while apoptosis and the cytotoxic effect were assessed with HeLa cells. We present a method for simultaneously encapsulating cisplatin at the core and also embedding magnetite nanoparticles on the membrane of liposomes with a mean vesicular size of 104.4 ± 11.5 nm and a ζ-potential of −40.5 ± 0.8 mV, affording a stable formulation with a safe pharmacokinetic profile. These liposomes elicited a significant effect on cell viability and triggered apoptosis in HeLa cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092272
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    In Vivo Neuropharmacological Effects of Neophytadiene
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2023-04-14), p. 3457-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2023-04-14), p. 3457-
    Abstract: Neophytadiene (NPT) is a diterpene found in the methanolic extracts of Crataeva nurvala and Blumea lacera, plants reported with anxiolytic-like activity, sedative properties, and antidepressant-like actions; however, the contribution of neophytadiene to these effects is unknown. This study determined the neuropharmacological (anxiolytic-like, antidepressant-like, anticonvulsant, and sedative) effects of neophytadiene (0.1–10 mg/kg p.o.) and determined the mechanisms of action involved in the neuropharmacological actions using inhibitors such as flumazenil and analyzing the possible interaction of neophytadiene with GABA receptors using a molecular docking study. The behavioral tests were evaluated using the light–dark box, elevated plus-maze, open field, hole-board, convulsion, tail suspension, pentobarbital-induced sleeping, and rotarod. The results showed that neophytadiene exhibited anxiolytic-like activity only to the high dose (10 mg/kg) in the elevated plus-maze and hole-board tests, and anticonvulsant actions in the 4-aminopyridine and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test. The anxiolytic-like and anticonvulsant effects of neophytadiene were abolished with the pre-treatment with 2 mg/kg flumazenil. In addition, neophytadiene showed low antidepressant effects (about 3-fold lower) compared to fluoxetine. On other hand, neophytadiene had no sedative or locomotor effects. In conclusion, neophytadiene exerts anxiolytic-like and anticonvulsant activities with the probable participation of the GABAergic system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083457
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
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    Submergence Stress Alters the Expression of Clock Genes and Configures New Zeniths and Expression of Outputs in Brachypodium distachyon
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 8555-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 8555-
    Abstract: Plant networks of oscillating genes coordinate internal processes with external cues, contributing to increased fitness. We hypothesized that the response to submergence stress may dynamically change during different times of the day. In this work, we determined the transcriptome (RNA sequencing) of the model monocotyledonous plant, Brachypodium distachyon, during a day of submergence stress, low light, and normal growth. Two ecotypes of differential tolerance, Bd21 (sensitive) and Bd21-3 (tolerant), were included. We submerged 15-day-old plants under a long-day diurnal cycle (16 h light/8 h dark) and collected samples after 8 h of submergence at ZT0 (dawn), ZT8 (midday), ZT16 (dusk), ZT20 (midnight), and ZT24 (dawn). Rhythmic processes were enriched both with up- and down-regulated genes, and clustering highlighted that the morning and daytime oscillator components (PRRs) show peak expression in the night, and a decrease in the amplitude of the clock genes (GI, LHY, RVE) was observed. Outputs included photosynthesis-related genes losing their known rhythmic expression. Up-regulated genes included oscillating suppressors of growth, hormone-related genes with new late zeniths (e.g., JAZ1, ZEP), and mitochondrial and carbohydrate signaling genes with shifted zeniths. The results highlighted genes up-regulated in the tolerant ecotype such as METALLOTHONEIN3 and ATPase INHIBITOR FACTOR. Finally, we show by luciferase assays that Arabidopsis thaliana clock genes are also altered by submergence changing their amplitude and phase. This study can guide the research of chronocultural strategies and diurnal-associated tolerance mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108555
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Detection of Monkeypox Virus according to The Collection Site of Samples from Confirmed Cases: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 4-
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 4-
    Abstract: Due to the rapid evolution of the monkeypox virus, the means by which the monkeypox virus is spread is subject to change. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the detection of the monkeypox virus according to the collection site of samples from confirmed monkeypox cases. A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until 5 October 2022. A total of 1022 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After removing duplicates (n = 566) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 65 studies reporting monkeypox case reports were included with a detailed description of risk factors, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), site of monkeypox virus-positive specimens, location of skin lesions, and diagnostic test. A total of 4537 confirmed monkeypox cases have been reported, of which 98.72% of the cases were male with a mean age of 36 years, 95.72% had a sexual behavior of being men who have sex with men, and 28.1% had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most frequent locations of lesions in patients diagnosed with monkeypox were: 42.85% on the genitalia and 37.1% in the perianal region. All confirmed monkeypox cases were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the most frequent locations of samples collected for diagnosis that tested positive for monkeypox virus were: 91.85% from skin lesions, 20.81% from the oropharynx, 3.19% from blood, and 2.43% from seminal fluid. The disease course of the cases with monkeypox was asynchronous, with no severe complications, and most patients did not report specific treatment but simply followed a symptomatic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2414-6366
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010004
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934690-3
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