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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Exploring an Association between Body Mass Index and Oral Health—A Scoping Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 902-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-02-27), p. 902-
    Abstract: Background: Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual’s frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. Objectives: The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were “body mass index”, “periodontitis”, “dental caries”, and “tooth loss”. Results: In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were excluded. The main reasons for excluding the articles were: they were dietary guidelines and policy statements. A total of 66 studies were finally included in the review. Conclusion: The presence of dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss may be associated with a higher BMI or obesity, whereas, improved oral health might be associated with lower BMI. Promoting general and oral health should be a hand in hand feature, as common risk factors can be embattled.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050902
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 2
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    Aspirin-Based Organoiron Dendrimers as Promising Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Drugs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-22), p. 1568-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-22), p. 1568-
    Abstract: Designing nanocarriers with actions directed at a specific organ or tissue is a very promising strategy since it can significantly reduce the toxicity of a bioactive drug. In this study, an organometallic dendrimer was used to synthesize a biocompatible drug delivery system by attaching aspirin to the periphery of the dendrimer. Our goal is to enhance the bioavailability and anticancer activity of aspirin and reduce its toxicity through successive generations of organoiron dendrimers. The biological activity of aspirin-based dendrimer complexes was evaluated. The result of antimicrobial activity of the synthesized dendrimers also demonstrated an increase in their antimicrobial activity with increased generation of the dendrimers for most types of microorganisms. This study reveals for the first time that organoiron dendrimers linked with aspirin exhibit an excellent Gram-negative activity comparable to the reference drug Gentamicin. All synthesized dendrimers were tested for their anticancer activity against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), hepatocellular cell lines (Hep-G2), and a non-cancer cell line, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293), using the MTT cell viability assay and compared against a standard anticancer drug, Doxorubicin. Compounds G3-D9-Asp and G4-D12-Asp exhibited noticeable activity against both cell lines, both of which were more effective than aspirin itself. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and histopathology of swollen paws showed that the designed aspirin-based dendrimers displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity; however, G2-D6-Asp showed the best anti-inflammatory activity, which was more potent than the reference drug aspirin during the same period. Moreover, the coupling of aspirin to the periphery of organoiron dendrimers showed a significant reduction in the toxicity of aspirin on the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom11111568
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 3
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    Plant Broth- (Not Bovine-) Based Culture Media Provide the Most Compatible Vegan Nutrition for In Vitro Culturing and In Situ Probing of Plant Microbiota
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Diversity Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-04), p. 418-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-04), p. 418-
    Abstract: Plant microbiota support the diversity and productivity of plants. Thus, cultivation-dependent approaches are indispensable for in vitro manipulation of hub taxa. Despite recent advances in high-throughput methods, cultivability is lagging behind other environmental microbiomes, notably the human microbiome. As a plant-based culturing strategy, we developed culture media based on a broth of cooked aqueous mixtures of host plants. This improved the in vitro growth of representative isolates of plant microbiota and extended the in situ recovery of plant microbiota. With clover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representative isolates confirmed the predominance of Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, and less frequently Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Whereas bovine-based culture media (modified R2A) confined the diversity to Firmicutes, the plant broth-based culture media revealed a wider scope of endophytes beyond rhizobia, i.e., multiple genera such as Chryseobacterium, Cronobacter, Kosakonia, Tsukamurella, and a potentially/presumptive novel species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MADI-TOF) analysis clustered isolates according to their plant niches, the endo-phyllosphere/endo-rhizosphere. We recommend the plant broth for simplicity, reproducibility and perdurable storage, supporting future culturomics applications, good laboratory practice (GLP) and good manufacturing practice (GMP). The strategy creates an “in-situ-similis” vegan nutritional matrix to analyze microbial diversity and reveal novel microbial resources pertinent to biotechnological and environmental applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d12110418
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 4
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    Comparative LC–LTQ–MS–MS Analysis of the Leaf Extracts of Lantana camara and Lantana montevidensis Growing in Egypt with Insights into Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-27), p. 1699-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-27), p. 1699-
    Abstract: Lantana camara L. and Lantana montevidensis Briq. (F. Verbenaceae) are invasive ornamental weeds native to the tropical regions of Africa and America. The leaves of both species have been traditionally used as infusions for treating fever, rheumatism, and cancer. LC–MS–MS-guided profiling of the methanolic extracts of the leaves of L. camara and L. montevidensis growing in Egypt led to the putative identification of 59 compounds belonging to terpenoids, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and their derivatives. The in-vitro antioxidants and anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the two extracts were investigated. L. camara and L. montevidensis inhibited DPPH• (IC50 = 34.01 ± 1.32 and 47.43 ± 1.74 µg/mL), ABTS+ (IC50 = 30.73 ± 1.42 and 40.37 ± 1.51 µg/mL), and superoxide anion (IC50 = 1.57 ± 0.19 and 1.31 ± 0.14 μg/mL) free radicals. A potent anti-inflammatory effect was observed for both species through the inhibition of elastase release in fMLF/CB-induced human neutrophils (IC50 = 2.40 ± 0.16 and 1.90 ± 0.07 μg/mL). The extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines with the most potent activity against Caco cells (IC50 = 45.65 ± 1.64 and 40.67 ± 1.52 µg/mL for L. camara and L. montevidensis, respectively). Western blotting supported by FACS analysis revealed that the extracts inhibited cancer cell proliferation, reduced metastasis, and induced apoptosis resulting in cell cycle arrest. This was achieved via increasing mRNA and protein expressions of p53 and GSK-3β as well as decreasing the expression of PI3K, Akt, and cyclin D1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11131699
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 5
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    Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile in Camel Minced Meat
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-19), p. 1640-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-19), p. 1640-
    Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the occurrence, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) in camel minced meat samples collected from small butcher shops and supermarkets in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. A total of 100 camel minced meat samples were randomly collected from small butcher’s shops (n = 50) and supermarkets (n = 50) in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated and identified using the VITEK-2 compact system and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Genotypes, toxin genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined. Moreover, ELISA was used to detect C. perfringens and C. difficile toxins. C. perfringens and C. difficile were isolated from 14% and 4% of the tested minced meat samples, respectively. Out of the 14 C. perfringens isolates, type A (64.3%), type B (7.1%), type C (21.5%), and type D (7.1%) were detected. However, out of the four C. difficile isolates, three (75%) were type A+B+ and one (25%) was type A−B+. None of the C. perfringens or C. difficile toxins were identified using ELISA. C. perfringens and C. difficile isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to tetracycline (56% and 75%, respectively). However, all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Multidrug resistance was observed in three (21.4%) C. perfringens and one (25%) C. difficile isolates. In conclusion, camel minced meat was contaminated with C. perfringens and C. difficile, which present a potential risk of food poisoning. The majority of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and some isolates were multidrug-resistant. Therefore, food safety standards and frequent inspections of abattoirs, small butcher shops, and supermarkets should be enforced.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121640
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 6
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    Dynamics of Gut Microbiota Recovery after Antibiotic Exposure in Young and Old Mice (A Pilot Study)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-20), p. 647-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-03-20), p. 647-
    Abstract: Antibiotics have improved survival from previously deadly infectious diseases. Antibiotics alter the microbial composition of the gut microbiota, and these changes are associated with diminished innate immunity and decline in cognitive function in older adults. The composition of the human microbiota changes with age over the human lifespan. In this pilot study, we sought to identify if age is associated with differential recovery of the microbiota after antibiotic exposure. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared recovery of the gut microbiota after the 10-day broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in wild-type C57BL/six young and older mice. Immediately after antibiotic cessation, as expected, the number of ASVs, representing taxonomic richness, in both young and older mice significantly declined from the baseline. Mice were followed up to 6 months after cessation of the single 10-day antibiotic regimen. The Bray-Curtis index recovered within 20 days after antibiotic cessation in young mice, whereas in older mice the microbiota did not fully recover during the 6-months of follow-up. Bifidobacterium, Dubosiella, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group became dominant in older mice, whereas in young mice, the bacteria were more evenly distributed, with only one dominant genus of Anaeroplasma. From 45 genera that became extinct after antibiotic treatment in young mice, 31 (68.9%) did not recover by the end of the study. In older mice, from 36 extinct genera, 27 (75%) did not recover. The majority of the genera that became extinct and never recovered belonged to Firmicutes phylum and Clostridiales family. In our study, age was a factor associated with the long-term recovery of the gut microbiota after the 10-day antibiotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030647
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 7
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    Novel Luteolin-Loaded Chitosan Decorated Nanoparticles for Brain-Targeting Delivery in a Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Focus on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Amyloidogenic Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-06), p. 1003-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-06), p. 1003-
    Abstract: Preparation and evaluation of a non-invasive intranasal luteolin delivery for the management of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using novel chitosan decorated nanoparticles. Development of luteolin-loaded chitosomes was followed by full in vitro characterization. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD) animal model via intracerebroventricular injection of 3 mg/kg streptozotocin (ICV-STZ). Treatment groups of luteolin suspension and chitosomes (50 mg/kg) were then intranasally administered after 5 h of ICV-STZ followed by everyday administration for 21 consecutive days. Behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies were conducted. Chitosomes yielded promising quality attributes in terms of particle size (PS) (412.8 ± 3.28 nm), polydispersity index (PDI) (0.378 ± 0.07), Zeta potential (ZP) (37.4 ± 2.13 mv), and percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%) (86.6 ± 2.05%). Behavioral findings showed obvious improvement in the acquisition of short-term and long-term spatial memory. Furthermore, histological evaluation revealed an increased neuronal survival rate with a reduction in the number of amyloid plaques. Biochemical results showed improved antioxidant effects and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators’ levels. In addition, a suppression by half was observed in the levels of both Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated-tau protein in comparison to the model control group which in turn confirmed the capability of luteolin-loaded chitosomes (LUT-CHS) in attenuating the pathological changes of AD. The prepared nanoparticles are considered a promising safe, effective, and non-invasive nanodelivery system that improves cognitive function in SAD albino mice as opposed to luteolin suspension.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Morphological, Structural, and Optical Features of Thermally Annealed Slag Powders Generated from the Iron and Steel Industry: A Source of Disordered Iron Oxide Composites
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2023-11-20), p. 1601-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2023-11-20), p. 1601-
    Abstract: Steel slag waste produced by the steel industry accumulates in open areas or is disposed of in landfills, causing harm to the environment and human health. Valorizing steel slag through comprehensive data analysis is imperative and could add value to the product with respect to energy conversion and storage applications. This study investigated the morphological, structural, and optical characteristics of a thermally annealed steel slag composite generated from iron and steel factories. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometry were subsequently used to evaluate the impact of thermal treatment on the morphology, structure, elemental composition, and optical properties. It was found that the pre-treated slag composites contained a variety of irregular grain sizes and microscale fragments, primarily composed of C (18.55%), O (50.85%), and Fe (29.41%), with lower amounts of Mg (0.31%), Si (0.44%), and Ca (0.44%), indicating the natural formation of a disordered iron composite. Thermal treatment at different temperatures (300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C) increased the grain density and clustering, resulting in denser two-dimensional microstructures at 900 °C. Additionally, XRD and Raman analyses of both untreated and thermally treated slag composites revealed the presence of a disordered iron oxide composite, including (Fe3O4), hematite (α-Fe2O3), and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) phases. A significant increase in optical absorbance was also observed after annealing at 600 °C, highlighting the successful optimization of the elemental composition of the slag composite. A band gap energy of approximately 2.2 eV was obtained from this optimization at 600 °C. The optical conductivity of the composite reached 2.1 × 106 S−1 at 600 °C, which indicates an enhancement in charge transfer among the optimized chemical elements in the waste composite. These findings suggest an optimization method for novel composites derived from steel slag waste, indicating its potential as a low-cost material for energy storage systems (batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells) and optoelectronic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13111601
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 9
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    The Bioactive Value of Tamarix gallica Honey from Different Geographical Origins
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Insects Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2023-03-27), p. 319-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2023-03-27), p. 319-
    Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the bioactive value of Tamarix gallica honey samples collected from three countries. In total, 150 Tamarix gallica honey samples from Saudi Arabia (50), Libya (50), and Egypt (50) were collected and compared, based on the results of the melissopalynological analysis, their physicochemical attributes, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and biochemical properties, together with their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Depending on the geographical origin, we observed different levels of growth suppression for six resistant bacterial strains. The pathogenic microorganisms tested in this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was a strong correlation between the polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as significant (p 〈 0.05) radical scavenging activities. The melissopalynological analysis and physicochemical properties complied with the recommendation of the Gulf and Egyptian Technical Regulations on honey, as well as the Codex Alimentarius of the World Health Organization and the European Union Normative related to honey quality. It was concluded that Tamarix gallica honey from the three countries has the capacity to suppress pathogenic bacterial growth and has significant radical scavenging activities. Moreover, these findings suggest that Tamarix gallica honey may be considered as an interesting source of antimicrobial compounds and antioxidants for therapeutical and nutraceutical industries or for food manufacturers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects14040319
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 10
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    Cross Cultivation on Homologous/Heterologous Plant-Based Culture Media Empowers Host-Specific and Real Time In Vitro Signature of Plant Microbiota
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diversity Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 46-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-30), p. 46-
    Abstract: Alliances of microbiota with plants are masked by the inability of in vitro cultivation of their bulk. Pure cultures piled in international centers originated from dissimilar environments/hosts. Reporting that plant root/leaf-based culture media support the organ-specific growth of microbiota, it was of interest to further investigate if a plant-based medium prepared from homologous (maize) supports specific/adapted microbiota compared to another prepared from heterologous plants (sunflower). The culture-independent community of maize phyllosphere was compared to communities cross-cultivated on plant broth-based media: CFU counts and taxa prevalence (PCR-DGGE; Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing). Similar to total maize phyllospheric microbiota, culture-dependent communities were overwhelmed by Proteobacteria ( 〉 94.3–98.3%); followed by Firmicutes ( 〉 1.3–3.7%), Bacteroidetes ( 〉 0.01–1.58%) and Actinobacteria ( 〉 0.06–0.34%). Differential in vitro growth on homologous versus heterologous plant-media enriched/restricted various taxa. In contrast, homologous cultivation over represented members of Proteobacteria (ca. 〉 98.0%), mainly Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae; heterologous cultivation and R2A enriched Firmicutes (ca. 〉 3.0%). The present strategy simulates/fingerprints the chemical composition of host plants to expand the culturomics of plant microbiota, advance real-time in vitro cultivation and lab-keeping of compatible plant microbiota, and identify preferential pairing of plant-microbe partners toward future synthetic community (SynComs) research and use in agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d15010046
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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