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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microsatellite Instability, Epstein–Barr Virus, and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 as Predictive Markers for Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-03), p. 218-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2022-01-03), p. 218-
    Abstract: Immunotherapy benefits selected cases of gastric cancer (GC), but the correlation between biomarkers and prognosis is still unclear. Fifty-two patients with GC who underwent immunotherapy were enrolled from June 2016 to December 2020. Their clinical features and biomarkers—microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS), and Epstein–Barr encoding region (EBER)—were analyzed. Eight patients had MSI-H, five patients had EBER, 29 patients had CPS ≥ 1, and 20 patients had no biomarker. The overall response rates (ORRs) of the MSI-H, EBER, PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1, and all-negative group were 75%, 60%, 44.8%, and 15%, respectively. Compared with that of the all-negative group, progression-free survival (PFS) was better in the MSI-H (p = 0.018), CPS ≥ 5 (p = 0.012), and CPS ≥ 10 (p = 0.006) groups, but not in the EBER (p = 0.2) and CPS ≥ 1 groups (p = 0.35). Ten patients had combined biomarkers, CPS ≥ 1 with either MSI-H or EBER. The ORRs were 66.7% for CPS ≥ 1 and MSI-H and 75% for CPS ≥ 1 and EBER. PFS was better in patients with combined biomarkers (p = 0.01). MSI-H, EBER, and CPS are useful biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010218
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
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    High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Fabricated by Slot-Die Coating with Nontoxic Solvents
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 1760-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2023-05-29), p. 1760-
    Abstract: Energy shortage has become a global issue in the twenty-firt century, as energy consumption grows at an alarming rate as the fossil fuel supply exhausts. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology that has grown quickly in recent years. Its power conversion efficiency (PCE) is comparable to that of traditional silicon-based solar cells, and scale-up costs can be substantially reduced due to its utilization of solution-processable fabrication. Nevertheless, most PSCs research uses hazardous solvents, such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and chlorobenzene (CB), which are not suitable for large-scale ambient operations and industrial production. In this study, we have successfully deposited all of the layers of PSCs, except the top metal electrode, under ambient conditions using a slot-die coating process and nontoxic solvents. The fully slot-die coated PSCs exhibited PCEs of 13.86% and 13.54% in a single device (0.09 cm2) and mini-module (0.75 cm2), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13111760
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 3
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    Comparative Analysis of Two Methods for the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA from Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cancers Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-06-10), p. 803-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-06-10), p. 803-
    Abstract: Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with various solid tumors. This study aimed to compare two methods for the detection of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and to evaluate the clinical significance of EGFR mutations in ctDNA. In this prospective cohort study, the EGFR mutation status of 77 patients with stage IIIB or IV LUAD was first determined using lung cancer tissue. The amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and single allele base extension reaction combined with mass spectroscopy (SABER/MassARRAY) methods were also used to detect EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA from these patients and then compared using the EGFR mutation status in lung cancer tissue as a standard. Furthermore, the relationship between the presence of EGFR mutations in ctDNA after receiving first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy and survival was evaluated. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the detection of EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA by ARMS and SABER/MassARRAY were 49.1% vs. 56% and 90% vs. 95%, respectively. The agreement level between these methods was very high, with a kappa-value of 0.88 (95% CI 0.77–0.99). Moreover, 43 of the patients who carried EGFR mutations also received first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. Notably, patients with EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA had significantly shorter progression-free survival (9.0 months, 95% CI 7.0–11.8, vs. 15.0 months, 95% CI 11.7–28.2; p = 0.02) and overall survival (30.6 months, 95% CI 12.4–37.2, vs. 55.6 months, 95% CI 25.8–61.8; p = 0.03) compared to those without detectable EGFR mutations. The detection of EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA is a promising, minimally invasive, and reliable alternative to tumor biopsy, and the presence of EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA after first-line EGFR-TKI therapy is associated with poor prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060803
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Ablative Radiotherapy Reprograms the Tumor Microenvironment of a Pancreatic Tumor in Favoring the Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-19), p. 2091-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-19), p. 2091-
    Abstract: The low overall survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer has driven research to seek a new therapeutic protocol. Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently an option in the neoadjuvant or palliative settings for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study explored the effect of RT protocols on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their consequent impact on anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy. Using a murine orthotopic pancreatic tumor model, UN-KC-6141, RT-disturbed TME was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ablative RT is more effective than fractionated RT at recruiting T cells. On the other hand, fractionated RT induces more myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration than ablative RT. The RT-disturbed TME presents a higher perfusion rate per vessel. The increase in vessel perfusion is associated with a higher amount of anti-PD-L1 antibody being delivered to the tumor. Animal survival is increased by anti-PD-L1 therapy after ablative RT, with 67% of treated animals surviving more than 30 days after tumor inoculation compared to a median survival time of 16.5 days for the control group. Splenocytes isolated from surviving animals were specifically cytotoxic for UN-KC-6141 cells. We conclude that the ablative RT-induced TME is more suited than conventional RT-induced TME to combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042091
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Benzbromarone and Allopurinol on Primary Prevention of the First Gout Flare in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-27), p. 697-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-04-27), p. 697-
    Abstract: Objectives. Whether uric acid-lowering agent use in asymptomatic hyperuricemia can reduce the development of the first gout flare remains unsettled. The goal of the present research was to test the efficacy of benzbromarone and allopurinol on primary prevention of the first gout flare in persons with asymptomatic hyperuricemia in Taiwan. Methods. One observational cohort study was constructed to examine the 2001–2015 dataset adapted from the National Health Insurance Program of Taiwan containing the claims data of 2 million beneficiaries. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was considered as individuals on uric acid-lowering therapy who did not have gout flares. Individuals aged 20–84 without gout flares who had the use of benzbromarone alone were assigned into a benzbromarone group. Individuals ages 20–84 without gout flares who had the use of allopurinol alone were assigned into an allopurinol group. The final study included 6111 pairs of 1:1 propensity score-matched individuals from both benzbromarone and allopurinol groups. The end point was assigned as individuals who were newly diagnosed with their first gout flare. The incidence rate of the first gout flare was estimated between the benzbromarone and allopurinol groups. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to explore the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of the first gout flare related to benzbromarone use and allopurinol use. Results. The incidence rate of the first gout flare was lower in the benzbromarone group compared with an allopurinol group (3.29 versus 5.46 per 1000 person-months, incidence rate ratio = 0.60 and 95% confidence interval = 0.56–0.64). After adjustment for co-variables, the adjusted hazard ratio of the first gout flare was 0.63 (95% confidence interval = 0.59–0.68, p 〈 0.001) for the benzbromarone group when compared with the allopurinol group. Conclusion. People with asymptomatic hyperuricemia taking benzbromarone have a lower hazard of developing their first gout flare when compared with those taking allopurinol. Based on the medication safety, the therapeutic effects and the low price, with oral administration once daily, we suggest that benzbromarone should be the first drug of choice if clinicians are treating asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050697
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    System Unbalance Analyses and Improvement for Rooftop Photovoltaic Generation Systems in Distribution Networks
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2020-04-17), p. 1996-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2020-04-17), p. 1996-
    Abstract: This paper studies the system unbalance caused by rooftop Photovoltaic Generation Systems (PVGSs) in distribution networks and proposes an improved method. The voltage and current unbalance studies for three extreme cases considering all rooftop PVGSs being connected to one single phase and then the stochastic analyses for the integration cases of rooftop PVGSs are considered. These three extreme cases lead to severe system unbalance problems. An improving method that combines the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) and the optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers is proposed in this paper to mitigate the system unbalance. The OLTC-based improving method is applied first. If the system unbalance is still out of range, the optimal phase arrangement of distribution transformers is further used to mitigate the system unbalance problem. The objective function of optimal phase arrangement is to minimize the system unbalance with the constraints of voltage limits, line flow limit, etc. Test results show that the proposed method can improve the system unbalance significantly even under very extreme cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13081996
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 7
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    Surgical Margins Status and Prognosis after Resection of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results from a Taiwanese Nationwide Registry-Based Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-21), p. 15-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-21), p. 15-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The optimal cutoff value that maximizes the prognostic value of surgical margins in patients with resected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been identified. (2) Methods: Data for this study were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database. A total of 13,768 Taiwanese patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were identified and stratified according to different margin statuses (0, 0.1–4 and 〉 4 mm). The five-year local control, disease-specific survival and overall survival rates were the main outcome measures. (3) Results: The 5-year local control, disease-specific survival and overall survival rates of patients with close margins (0 and 0.1–4 mm) were significantly lower than those observed in patients with clear margins ( 〉 4 mm; all p values 〈 0.001). In multivariate analysis, margin status, depth of invasion and extra-nodal extension were identified as independent adverse prognostic factors for 5-year local control. (4) Conclusions: A thorough assessment of surgical margins can provide a reliable prognostic prediction in patients with OCSCC. This has potential implications for treatment approaches tailored to the individual level. The achievement of clear margins ( 〉 4 mm) should be considered a key surgical goal to improve outcomes in this patient group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 8
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    Impact of Body Mass Index on the Survival of Patients with Sepsis with Different Modified NUTRIC Scores
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-05-30), p. 1873-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-05-30), p. 1873-
    Abstract: Nutritional status affects the survival of patients with sepsis. This retrospective study analyzed the impact of body mass index (BMI) and modified nutrition risk in critically ill (mNUTRIC) scores on survival of these patients. Data of 1291 patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were extracted. The outcomes were mortality, duration of stay, ICU stay, and survival curve for 90-day mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the risk factors for mortality. Cytokine and biomarker levels were analyzed in 165 patients. The 90-day survival of underweight patients with low mNUTRIC scores was significantly better than that of normal-weight patients with low mNUTRIC scores (70.8% vs. 58.3%, respectively; p = 0.048). Regression model analysis revealed that underweight patients with low mNUTRIC scores had a lower risk of mortality (odds ratio = 0.557; p = 0.082). Moreover, normal-weight patients with low mNUTRIC scores had the lowest human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) level on days 1 (underweight vs. normal weight vs. overweight: 94.3 vs. 82.1 vs. 94.3, respectively; p = 0.007) and 3 (91.8 vs. 91.0 vs. 93.2, respectively; p = 0.047). Thus, being underweight may not always be harmful if patients have optimal clinical nutritional status. Additionally, HLA-DR levels were the lowest in patients with low survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13061873
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    Association of Hypernatremia with Immune Profiles and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients with Sepsis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2285-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-14), p. 2285-
    Abstract: Both hypernatremia and an abnormal immune response may increase hospital mortality in patients with sepsis. This study examined the association of hypernatremia with abnormal immune response and mortality in 520 adult patients with sepsis in an intensive care unit (ICU). We compared the mortality and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response differences among patients with hyponatremia, eunatremia, and hypernatremia, as well as between patients with acquired hypernatremia on ICU day 3 and those with sustained eunatremia over first three ICU days. Compared with eunatremia or hyponatremia, hypernatremia led to higher 7 day, 14 day, 28 day, and hospital mortality rates (p = 0.030, 0.009, 0.010, and 0.033, respectively). Compared with sustained eunatremia, acquired hypernatremia led to higher 7, 14, and 28 day mortality rates (p = 0.019, 0.042, and 0.028, respectively). The acquired hypernatremia group nonsignificantly trended toward increased hospital mortality (p = 0.056). Day 1 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α levels were relatively low in patients with hypernatremia (p = 0.020 and 0.010, respectively) but relatively high in patients with acquired hypernatremia (p = 0.049 and 0.009, respectively). Thus, in ICU-admitted septic patients, hypernatremia on admission and in ICU-acquired hypernatremia were both associated with higher mortality. The higher mortality in patients with hypernatremia on admission was possibly related to the downregulation of G-CSF and TNF-α secretion after endotoxin stimulation. Compared to sustained eunatremia, acquired hypernatremia showed immunoparalysis at first and then hyperinflammation on day 3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092285
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 10
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    The Survival of Septic Patients with Compensated Liver Cirrhosis Is Not Inferior to That of Septic Patients without Liver Cirrhosis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 1629-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 1629-
    Abstract: Background: We aimed to determine whether septic patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) had worse survival than septic patients without liver cirrhosis (WLC). We also investigated the survival of septic patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (CLC) and decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC). Methods: This study enrolled 776 consecutive adult patients with sepsis admitted to the medical intensive care units of a tertiary referral hospital. Clinical factors and laboratory data were collected for analysis. Propensity scoring was also used for the control of selection bias. The variables included in the propensity model were age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, APCHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score, hemoglobin, and platelet data on the day when sepsis was confirmed. Seven-day, ICU, and hospital mortality were analyzed after correcting for these confounding factors. Results: Of the 776 septic patients, 64 (8.2%) septic patients presented with LC. Patients were divided into two groups—LC (n = 64) and WLC (n = 712)—which presented different rates of hospital mortality (LC: 62.5% vs. WLC: 41.0%, p = 0.001). We further separated septic patients with LC into two groups: patients with CLC (n = 24) and those with DLC (n = 40). After propensity score matching, the survival of septic patients with CLC (63.6%) was not inferior to patients WLC (54.5%) (p = 0.411). Patients with DLC had more hospital mortality, even after matching (p 〈 0.05). The Quick SOFA (qSOFA) score, SOFA score, and sub-SOFA score were also comparable between groups. SOFA scores were not significantly different between the CLC and WLC groups after matching. Poor SOFA scores were observed in the DLC group on days 3 and 7 after matching (p 〈 0.05). Conclusions: Septic patients with LC had higher mortality compared to patients WLC before matching. However, after propensity score matching, the survival of septic patients with CLC was non-inferior to patients WLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061629
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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